{"id":7223,"date":"2021-10-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-10T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/aktualne-porazi-dlho-ocakavana-africka-vakcina-malariu\/"},"modified":"2021-10-11T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-10T23:00:00","slug":"aktualne-porazi-dlho-ocakavana-africka-vakcina-malariu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/aktualne-porazi-dlho-ocakavana-africka-vakcina-malariu\/","title":{"rendered":"Aktu\u00e1lne: Poraz\u00ed dlho o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 africk\u00e1 vakc\u00edna mal\u00e1riu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A\u017e 94 percent pr\u00edpadov a \u00famrt\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s mal\u00e1riou sa vyskytuje v Afrike. Pr\u00e1ve na tomto kontinente je pod\u013ea d\u00e1t Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO) <strong>smrte\u013enej\u0161ia ne\u017e ochorenie COVID-19. <\/strong>Ako sa toto ochorenie prejavuje, \u010do ho zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje a ako sa d\u00e1 proti nemu bojova\u0165? \u00a0M\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 vakc\u00edna a pre\u010do jej schv\u00e1lenie trvalo desiatky rokov?<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Prv\u00e9 pou\u017eitie vakc\u00edny proti parazitovi v \u013eudskom tele\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Rozhodnutie <strong>WHO<\/strong> odobri\u0165 o\u010dkovaciu l\u00e1tku proti mal\u00e1rii nasledovalo po vyhodnoten\u00ed sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9ho programu zaveden\u00e9ho od roku 2019 v Ghane, Keni a Malawi. Pr\u00e1ve tam bolo podan\u00fdch viac ne\u017e dva mili\u00f3ny d\u00e1vok vakc\u00edny s ozna\u010den\u00edm RTS,S. WHO vo svojom vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed \u010falej uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee odpor\u00fa\u010da rozsiahle <strong>o\u010dkovanie det\u00ed touto vakc\u00ednou v subsaharskej Afrike<\/strong>. Tie\u017e aj v \u010fal\u0161\u00edch oblastiach so stredn\u00fdm a\u017e vysok\u00fdm rizikom \u0161\u00edrenia mal\u00e1rie, informuje TASR.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea agent\u00fary AFP\u00a0 je vakcin\u00e1cia proti v\u00edrusom a bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1m vo svete be\u017en\u00e1, no teraz je to v\u00f4bec <strong>prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t, \u010do WHO odobrila rozsiahle pou\u017eitie vakc\u00edny proti parazitovi v \u013eudskom tele<\/strong>. Gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e WHO, uviedol, \u017ee ide o historick\u00fd okamih. \u201eDlho o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e1 <strong>vakc\u00edna proti mal\u00e1rii ur\u010den\u00e1 de\u0165om<\/strong> je prelomom vo <strong>vede, zdrav\u00ed det\u00ed a kontrole mal\u00e1rie<\/strong>,\u201c povedal.<\/p>\n<h3>Ani nie \u0161tyridsa\u0165 percentn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdskumy z roku 2015 publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Lancet tvrdili, \u017ee vakc\u00edna m\u00f4\u017ee <strong>zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 zhruba \u0161tyrom z desiatich pr\u00edpadov mal\u00e1rie <\/strong>and <strong>trom z desiatich z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov<\/strong>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00f4\u017ee o tretinu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 po\u010det det\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa <strong>krvn\u00e9 transf\u00fazie.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee existovali pochybnosti, \u010di vakc\u00edna bude fungova\u0165 v re\u00e1lnom svete, pred schv\u00e1len\u00edm ju bolo nutn\u00e9 pilotne otestova\u0165. V\u00fdsledky z viac ne\u017e 2,3 mili\u00f3na podan\u00fdch d\u00e1vok\u00a0 v sk\u00fa\u0161obnom testovan\u00ed dok\u00e1zali <strong>bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 vakc\u00edny<\/strong>. Vakcin\u00e1cia z\u00e1rove\u0148 viedla k k <strong>30 percentn\u00e9mu zn\u00ed\u017eeniu z\u00e1va\u017enej mal\u00e1rie a <\/strong>\u00a0pon\u00fakla <strong>39 percentn\u00fa ochranu u novorodencov<\/strong>. \u010eal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskum tie\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pr\u00ednos vakc\u00edny v priebehu \u010dasu mizne.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci 40 percentn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 na prv\u00e9 po\u010dutie neznie ve\u013ea, pre vedcov predstavuje \u00faspech a z\u00e1rove\u0148 otv\u00e1ra cestu pre <strong>v\u00fdvoj \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch vakc\u00edn.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201eU\u017e viac ako <strong>100 rokov h\u013ead\u00e1me vakc\u00ednu proti mal\u00e1rii,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 zachr\u00e1ni \u017eivoty a zabr\u00e1ni chorob\u00e1m africk\u00fdch det\u00ed. Z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska je to obrovsk\u00fd prelom, z h\u013eadiska verejn\u00e9ho zdravia je to historick\u00fd \u010din, \u201c vysvet\u013euje doktor Pedro Alonso, riadite\u013e Glob\u00e1lneho programu mal\u00e1rie WHO.<\/p>\n<p>Doktor Doyin Odubanjo, odborn\u00edk na verejn\u00e9 zdravie a v\u00fdkonn\u00fd tajomn\u00edk Nig\u00e9rijskej akad\u00e9mie vied, pre port\u00e1l CNN uviedol, \u017ee o\u010dkovacia l\u00e1tka je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojom boja proti mal\u00e1rii a nie z\u00e1zrakom na jej prevenciu. \u201eTo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nesmieme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 obmedzuj\u00fa jej \u0161\u00edrenie\u201c dodal. Be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa napr\u00edklad lieky na ni\u010denie parazitov, sie\u0165ky na zabr\u00e1nenie u\u0161tipnutiu a insektic\u00eddy na hubenie kom\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n<h3>Pre\u010do vyn\u00e1jdenie vakc\u00edny trvalo tak dlho?<\/h3>\n<p>Mo\u017eno sa aj vy p\u00fdtate, ako je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee vakc\u00ednu na Covid- 19 vyrobili vedci v rekordnom \u010dase, zatia\u013e \u010do vyn\u00e1js\u0165 vakc\u00ednu proti mal\u00e1rii im trvalo desiatky rokov. Mal\u00e1riu sp\u00f4sobuje <strong>parazit, ktor\u00fd je ove\u013ea z\u00e1kernej\u0161\u00ed a sofistikovanej\u0161\u00ed ako koronav\u00edrus. <\/strong>M\u00e1 komplikovan\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus medzi dvoma \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nymi druhmi a dokonca sa v na\u0161om tele premie\u0148a medzi r\u00f4znymi formami, preto\u017ee infikuje pe\u010de\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky a \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"sk\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"en\" data-phrase-index=\"0\">Vakc\u00edna vyvinut\u00e1 farmaceutick\u00fdm gigantom GSK nenahrad\u00ed v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 opatrenia na kontrolu mal\u00e1rie, ako s\u00fa poste\u013eov\u00e9 siete o\u0161etren\u00e9 insektic\u00eddmi.<\/span> <span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"sk\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"en\" data-phrase-index=\"1\">Spolu s nimi bude sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na pribl\u00ed\u017eenie sa k cie\u013eu nulovej \u00famrtnosti na mal\u00e1riu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148<\/span><span class=\"JLqJ4b ChMk0b\" data-language-for-alternatives=\"sk\" data-language-to-translate-into=\"en\" data-phrase-index=\"3\"><strong> sa nebude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 mimo Afriky<\/strong>, kde prevl\u00e1daj\u00fa in\u00e9 formy mal\u00e1rie, pred ktor\u00fdmi vakc\u00edna nedok\u00e1\u017ee chr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n Zatia\u013e \u010do vakcin\u00e1cia na koronav\u00edrus bola vyn\u00e1jden\u00e1 v rekordne r\u00fdchlom \u010dase, schv\u00e1lenie vakc\u00edny proti mal\u00e1rii trvalo roky. Zdroj obr\u00e1zka: unsplash.com\n<h3><strong>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 kom\u00e1re<\/strong><\/h3>\n Pren\u00e1\u0161a\u010d mal\u00e1rie- kom\u00e1r z rodu Anopheles. Zdroj obr\u00e1zka: pexels.com\n<p>Hor\u00fa\u010dka, tria\u0161ka, bolesti hlavy a svalov, zvracanie, zimnica a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 potenie. Takto sa prejavuje jedno z <strong>najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edch infek\u010dn\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed sveta<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9mu ro\u010dne pod\u013eahne viac ne\u017e mili\u00f3n nakazen\u00fdch. Mal\u00e1riu sp\u00f4sobuje jednobunkov\u00fd parazit naz\u00fdvan\u00fd plasmodium. Tento parazit nap\u00e1da a ni\u010d\u00ed krvinky v tele \u010dloveka, aby sa rozmno\u017eoval.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa <strong>kom\u00e1re rodu Anopheles<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 infekciu pri u\u0161tipnut\u00ed a nas\u00e1van\u00ed krvi pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa. Mal\u00e1riou zasiahnut\u00e9 s\u00fa tropick\u00e9 a subtropick\u00e9 oblasti sveta, kde tieto kom\u00e1re \u017eij\u00fa, naopak v Eur\u00f3pe sa pr\u00edpady vyskytuj\u00fa len ojedinele.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u017e 94 percent pr\u00edpadov a \u00famrt\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s mal\u00e1riou sa vyskytuje v Afrike. Pr\u00e1ve na tomto kontinente je pod\u013ea d\u00e1t Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cie (WHO)<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7223","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7223"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7223\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}