{"id":7235,"date":"2021-10-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/jadrova-elektraren-fukusima-technologie\/"},"modified":"2021-10-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-12T23:00:00","slug":"jadrova-elektraren-fukusima-technologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/jadrova-elektraren-fukusima-technologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jadrov\u00e1 elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima pou\u017e\u00edva najmodernej\u0161ie technol\u00f3gie na obnovenie bezpe\u010dnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>N\u00e1sledky jadrov\u00e9ho v\u00fdbuchu<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdbuchy vo Fuku\u0161ime s\u00fa najhor\u0161ou jadrovou katastrofou 21. storo\u010dia. K\u00fdm v\u00a0roku 1986 sa svet len pomaly dozvedal o\u00a0<strong>\u010cernoby\u013eskej trag\u00e9di\u00ed<\/strong>, japonsk\u00e1 elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima \u0161okovala verejnos\u0165 <strong>11. marca 2011.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zemetrasenie vyvolalo tsunami a po\u0161kodilo z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory v tov\u00e1rni <strong>Fuku\u0161ima Daiichi<\/strong>. Tri reaktory, ktor\u00e9 boli v tom \u010dase v prev\u00e1dzke boli \u00faspe\u0161ne odstaven\u00e9, no <strong>strata energie sp\u00f4sobila zlyhanie chladiacich syst\u00e9mov v ka\u017edom z nich<\/strong>. Roztaven\u00fd materi\u00e1l spadol na dno ochrann\u00fdch n\u00e1dob v reaktoroch 1 a 2 a vyv\u0155tal otvory na dne ka\u017edej n\u00e1doby. Otvory \u010diasto\u010dne odhalili nukle\u00e1rny materi\u00e1l v jadr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n Trosky, palivo a kontaminovan\u00e1 voda po v\u00fdbuchu predstavuj\u00fa probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 by mohli v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozi\u0165 ekosyst\u00e9m. zdroj: instagram.com\n<p>Nasleduj\u00face dni v d\u00f4sledku nahromadenia stla\u010den\u00e9ho plynn\u00e9ho vod\u00edka <strong>do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdbuchom<\/strong> troch budov obklopuj\u00facich reaktory. Kv\u00f4li zvy\u0161uj\u00facemu sa ohrozeniu <strong>odi\u0161lo zo svojich domovov pribli\u017ene 47 000 obyvate\u013eov<\/strong> v\u00a0r\u00e1mci 20 kilometrovej varovnej z\u00f3ny. Pracovn\u00edci urobili nieko\u013eko pokusov ochladi\u0165 reaktory pomocou vodn\u00fdch diel namontovan\u00fdch na n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch aut\u00e1ch a\u00a0helikopt\u00e9rach. Tento postup do\u010dasne spomalil uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie \u017eiarenia, av\u0161ak st\u00fapaj\u00faca r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvna para ohrozovala pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p>Mesiac po v\u00fdbuchu bolo nutn\u00e9, aby elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima <strong>zv\u00fd\u0161ila stupe\u0148 z\u00e1va\u017enosti ohrozenia z 5 na 7<\/strong> \u2013 ide o najvy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 na stupnici vytvorenej <strong>Medzin\u00e1rodnou agent\u00farou pre at\u00f3mov\u00fa energiu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Roboty sk\u00famaj\u00fa miesta, kam \u010dlovek nevkro\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Nepriate\u013esk\u00e9 prostredie reaktorov zapr\u00ed\u010dinilo po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 ne\u00faspechy pri vyslan\u00ed strojov na presk\u00famanie ter\u00e9nu. Vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 gama \u017eiarenia oslabila elektr\u00f3ny v\u00a0polovodi\u010doch, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia ako mozog robotov. Bu\u010f sa automaticky vypli, alebo sa zachytili o\u00a0zvy\u0161ky roztaven\u00e9ho kovu. \u00a0V j\u00fali 2017 v\u0161ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Toshiba vyslala do zaplaven\u00e9ho bloku 3 mal\u00e9ho <strong>ponorn\u00e9ho robota prez\u00fdvan\u00e9ho<\/strong> <strong>Sunfish<\/strong>. Na druh\u00fd de\u0148 prieskumu robot zaznamenal prv\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky roztaven\u00e9ho paliva v reaktore.<\/p>\n<p>O pol roka nesk\u00f4r vedci zostavili nov\u00fd stroj nes\u00faci jednu <strong>kameru, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee ot\u00e1\u010da\u0165 a nakl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165<\/strong>. Druh\u00e1 je pripevnen\u00e1 k \u0161pi\u010dke teleskopick\u00e9ho vodiaceho potrubia a pon\u00faka poh\u013ead z vt\u00e1\u010dej perspekt\u00edvy. Akon\u00e1hle sa tento stroj dostal k <strong>najkontaminovanej\u0161iemu, druh\u00e9mu reaktoru,<\/strong> pracovn\u00edci na dia\u013eku sklopili kameru, aby mohli vytvori\u0165 fotky. Robot nielen\u017ee pre\u017eil vysok\u00fa r\u00e1dioaktivitu, ale uk\u00e1zal spolo\u010dnosti <strong>TEPCO<\/strong> (<strong>Tokyo Electric Power Company<\/strong>), \u017ee na podlahe sa nach\u00e1dza bahno a\u00a0kamienky.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"How robots are cleaning up Fukushima&#039;s nuclear disaster\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mhQixNlLF_k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Postupne sa robot vylep\u0161oval a v\u010faka ru\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1stavcu dok\u00e1zal uchopi\u0165 men\u0161ie \u00falomky. Okrem toho stroj vyrobil \u010fal\u0161ie fotografie a<strong> z\u00edskaval hodnoty \u017eiarenia a teploty bez naru\u0161enia okolit\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/strong> TEPCO d\u00fafa, \u017ee z\u00edskan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie im nakoniec pom\u00f4\u017eu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 kusy paliva a trosky z hornej \u010dasti reaktora. To by umo\u017enilo bloku 2 z\u00edska\u0165 kupolov\u00fd kryt.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u201eZatia\u013e nem\u00e1me presn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u010do sa stalo s roztaven\u00fdm palivom,\u201c<\/strong> povedal<strong> Masao Uchibori<\/strong> (guvern\u00e9r prefekt\u00fary Fuku\u0161ima). V roku 2022 pracovn\u00edci otestuj\u00fa dia\u013ekovo ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 rameno na z\u00edskanie mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estva palivov\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov v spodnej \u010dasti reaktora \u010d\u00edslo 2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u013dadov\u00e1 stena proti zne\u010disteniu vody<\/h3>\n<p>Elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima je st\u00e1le obklopen\u00e1 vysoko r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvnou zeminou a\u00a0vodou, ktor\u00e1 sa mie\u0161a s\u00a0tou zo zni\u010den\u00fdch reaktorov. Jedn\u00fdm z rie\u0161en\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa pok\u00fa\u0161a zmierni\u0165 prebiehaj\u00facu kontamin\u00e1ciu vody, je<strong> \u013eadov\u00e1 stena<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>chladiaca kon\u0161trukcia umiestnen\u00e1 30 metrov pod zemou<\/strong>, obkolesuj\u00faca reaktory 1 a\u017e 4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Stavba za 300 mili\u00f3nov<\/strong> dol\u00e1rov vyu\u017e\u00edva chlad na zn\u00ed\u017eenie teploty ka\u017ed\u00e9ho potrubia na m\u00ednus 30 stup\u0148ov Celzia. R\u00fary naplnen\u00e9 chladiacou kvapalinou tvoria bari\u00e9ru spev\u0148uj\u00fa p\u00f4du a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bari\u00e9ru, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 zastavi\u0165 tok \u010derstvej podzemnej vody smerom k reaktorom.<\/p>\n<h3>Simul\u00e1cie a\u00a0roky v\u00fdskumu<\/h3>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1lna realita sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou sp\u00e1ja s hern\u00fdm a z\u00e1bavn\u00fdm priemyslom. In\u017einieri spolo\u010dnosti TEPCO ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa VR simul\u00e1cie na to, <strong>aby zistili ak\u00e9 druhy robotov m\u00f4\u017eu prech\u00e1dza\u0165 k reaktorom bez vysok\u00e9ho rizika<\/strong>. Na rozdiel od typick\u00e9ho nastavenia virtu\u00e1lnej reality, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduje nasadenie ve\u013ekej s\u00fapravy, elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima pon\u00faka <strong>3D okuliare.<\/strong><\/p>\n Za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010die sa nahromadilo cca 1,24 mili\u00f3na ton vody kontaminovanej tr\u00edciom a zaplnilo viac ako 1000 n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zaberaj\u00fa takmer v\u0161etky dostupn\u00e9 z\u00e1kutia v are\u00e1li Fuku\u0161ima Daiichi. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Dod\u00e1vate\u013e digit\u00e1lnej projekcie<strong> Christie Digital Systems<\/strong> vytvoril obrazovky vysok\u00e9 a \u0161irok\u00e9 pribli\u017ene tri metre. Za obrazovkami je ukryt\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 projektorov, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa predstavi\u0165 si ako to v reaktoroch naozaj vyzer\u00e1. S\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre misiu vyra\u010fovania reaktorov v Daiichi. Odhaduje sa, \u017ee <strong>celkov\u00e9 zlep\u0161enie situ\u00e1cie bude trva\u0165 \u0161tyridsa\u0165 rokov<\/strong> a Japonsko za ten \u010das <strong>minie minim\u00e1lne 75,7 miliardy dol\u00e1rov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources:<\/strong> www.britanica.com, www.cnet.com, www.science.org<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1sledky jadrov\u00e9ho v\u00fdbuchu V\u00fdbuchy vo Fuku\u0161ime s\u00fa najhor\u0161ou jadrovou katastrofou 21. storo\u010dia. K\u00fdm v\u00a0roku 1986 sa svet len pomaly dozvedal o\u00a0\u010cernoby\u013eskej trag\u00e9di\u00ed, japonsk\u00e1 elektr\u00e1re\u0148 Fuku\u0161ima<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7235","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7235"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7235\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7235"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7235"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7235"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}