{"id":7248,"date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/experiment-zle-spomienky\/"},"modified":"2021-10-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T23:00:00","slug":"experiment-zle-spomienky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/experiment-zle-spomienky\/","title":{"rendered":"Bude mo\u017en\u00e9 da\u0165 si vymaza\u0165 zl\u00e9 spomienky? Nov\u00fd vedeck\u00fd experiment n\u00e1s pos\u00fava vpred v porozumen\u00ed pam\u00e4te"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Experiment v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z Cambridgskej univerzity objavil prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd by sa <strong>mohol da\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 na rozoznanie, \u010di by sa em\u00f3cie a spomienky mohli da\u0165 pozmeni\u0165 alebo dokonca aj vymaza\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prote\u00edn sa nach\u00e1dza v mozgu my\u0161\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee p\u00f4sobi\u0165 ako biomarker tv\u00e1rnych spomienok. In\u00fdmi slovami, <strong>vedci mo\u017eno dok\u00e1\u017eu ur\u010di\u0165, ktor\u00e9 spomienky sme schopn\u00ed vymaza\u0165, a s ktor\u00fdmi sme natrvalo uv\u00e4znen\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dlhodob\u00e9 spomienky del\u00edme na dve kateg\u00f3rie- <strong>spomienky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na faktoch<\/strong> (napr\u00edklad men\u00e1, miesta a udalosti) a <strong>spomienky in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne<\/strong> (em\u00f3cie a schopnosti).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee in\u0161tinkt\u00edvne spomienky m\u00f4\u017eeme zmeni\u0165<\/strong> a tento v\u00fdskum by mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00fd trpia posttraumatickou stresovou poruchou (PTSD).<\/p>\n<p>Vedci z Cambridgskej univerzity zistili, \u017ee pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 stopkov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu funguje ako podpora pre receptory, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00fa ak\u00e9 siln\u00e9 spoje s\u00fa medzi r\u00f4znymi neur\u00f3nmi. Na z\u00e1klade tohto zistenia <strong>m\u00f4\u017eu ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di je mo\u017en\u00e9 modifikova\u0165 spomienky<\/strong> pomocou beta-blok\u00e1tora propranololu.<\/p>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee d\u00f4jde k znehodnoteniu prote\u00ednu,<strong> spomienky sa stan\u00fa modifikovate\u013en\u00fdmi<\/strong>. Vedcom v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nie je jasn\u00e9, \u010di je to sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 priamo rozpadom spomienky alebo sa jedn\u00e1 o produkt hlb\u0161ej reakcie.<\/p>\n<p>Vedcom v New Yorku sa e\u0161te v roku 2004 podarilo lie\u010di\u0165 zvierat\u00e1 pomocou propranololu. <strong>Ten im pomohol zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na nau\u010den\u00fa traumu<\/strong>. V\u00fdsledky s\u00fa v\u0161ak \u0165a\u017eko replikovate\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako experiment prebiehal?<\/h3>\n<p>Tento nov\u00fd pokus sa vykon\u00e1val na my\u0161iach. Tie boli vycvi\u010den\u00e9 tak, aby im tla\u010didlo vyd\u00e1vaj\u00face cvakaj\u00face zvuky pripom\u00ednalo mierny elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok, ktor\u00fdm na nich p\u00f4sobili po\u010das cvakania. <strong>Tla\u010didlo si teda sp\u00e1jali so strachom<\/strong>. (Pam\u00e4t\u00e1te si na pokus Ivana Pavlova pri sk\u00faman\u00ed podmienen\u00fdch reflexov?) Tla\u010didlo my\u0161iam pripom\u00ednalo spomienku, bezprostredne potom im bol podan\u00fd propranol.<\/p>\n<p>U my\u0161\u00ed sa neobjavila amn\u00e9zia, \u010do je <strong>kontrastom k predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim experimentom<\/strong>. Vedci vyu\u017eili pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 stopkov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu na to, aby ur\u010dili, \u010di sa my\u0161i stali nestabiln\u00fdmi- a nestali.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co si o experimente mysl\u00ed ved\u00faca v\u00fdskumu?<\/h3>\n<p>Ved\u00faca v\u00fdskumu doktorka Amy Miltonov\u00e1 pripom\u00edna, \u017ee pokus bol uskuto\u010dnen\u00fd na zvierat\u00e1ch \u201e<em>S\u00fa to ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00e9 mechanizmy, st\u00e1le mus\u00edme ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee ide o pokus na zvierat\u00e1ch. \u013dudsk\u00fd mozog je s\u00edce podobn\u00fd, ale ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Miltonov\u00e1 v\u0161ak aj napriek tomu d\u00fafa, \u017ee raz bude mo\u017en\u00e9 zistenia aplikova\u0165 aj na \u013eudsk\u00fdch pacientov \u201e<em>Nemysl\u00edme si, \u017ee toto zistenie by mohlo vies\u0165 k situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, ak\u00fa vid\u00edme vo filmoch, napr\u00edklad vo ve\u010dnom svite nepo\u0161kvrnenej mysle, kde si protagonisti m\u00f4\u017eu vybra\u0165, ktor\u00e9 spomienky chc\u00fa vymaza\u0165. D\u00fafame v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u010dasom budeme schopn\u00ed ur\u010di\u0165 faktory, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm s\u00fa modifikovate\u013en\u00e9 spomienky zvierat a tieto zistenia prenies\u0165 na \u013eudsk\u00fdch pacientov<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Doktorka vypichla pozit\u00edvne javy, ktor\u00e9 sa po\u010das experimentu objavili \u201e<em>Po\u010das experimentu sme nemali do\u010dinenie s amn\u00e9ziou, o ktorej sa po takomto z\u00e1sahu p\u00ed\u0161e v literat\u00fare. Potom sme pomocou pr\u00edtomnosti stopkov\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu ur\u010dili, \u010di sa spomienky stali nestabiln\u00fdmi. Zistili sme, \u017ee nie.<\/em>&quot;<\/p>\n Ved\u00faca v\u00fdskumu doktorka Miltonov\u00e1 d\u00fafa, \u017ee zistenia bude mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 aj na zlo\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed mozog- ten \u013eudsk\u00fd, Zdroj: Pixabay\/kkolosov\n<h3>Ak\u00fd pr\u00ednos m\u00e1 v\u00fdskum?<\/h3>\n<p>Doktorka Livia de Picker z Antverpskej univerzity s\u00edce nebola s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto v\u00fdskumu, ale vyjadrila sa takto:<\/p>\n<p>&quot;<em>Je to ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca. Ponori\u0165 sa do toho, ako sa tvoria spomienky je extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca n\u00e1m umo\u017enila spravi\u0165 krok vpred k pochopeniu toho, ako sa spomienky uchov\u00e1vaj\u00fa a menia. V tomto procese je pred nami e\u0161te st\u00e1le dlh\u00e1 cesta, ktorou si mus\u00edme prejs\u0165. Samozrejme, prenesenie t\u00fdchto poznatkov na \u013eud\u00ed bude taktie\u017e n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Tieto zistenia n\u00e1m v\u0161ak dali nejak\u00fa n\u00e1dej, \u017ee nakoniec by sme mohli by\u0165 schopn\u00ed pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed trpia spomienkami na traumatick\u00fd stres.<\/em>&quot;<\/p>\n<p>Tak ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch skvel\u00fdch v\u00fdskumoch, aj tento zodpovedal nejak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, av\u0161ak polo\u017eil ich ove\u013ea viac. <strong>Podstatn\u00fdm je, \u017ee s \u010fal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskumom by tieto zistenia mohli ma\u0165 obrovsk\u00fd dopad na \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Objav tohto biomarkera by mohol vies\u0165 k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm neuverite\u013en\u00fdm zisteniam v lie\u010den\u00ed stavov ako napr\u00edklad<strong> PTSD alebo pom\u00f4c\u0165 \u013eu\u010fom zabudn\u00fa\u0165 na podvedom\u00fa traumu.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e nevieme ako funguje organick\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165. Ochorenia ako napr\u00edklad Alzheimerova choroba alebo demencia zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa <strong>nevylie\u010dite\u013en\u00fdmi kv\u00f4li zlo\u017eitosti \u013eudsk\u00e9ho mozgu<\/strong> a probl\u00e9mom, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s interpret\u00e1ciou jeho machin\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Objavom biomarkera, ktor\u00fd si m\u00f4\u017eeme spoji\u0165 s pam\u00e4\u0165ou, aj ke\u010f len v mozgu my\u0161i, <strong>sme spravili obrovsk\u00fd krok dopredu<\/strong> v na\u0161om porozumen\u00ed najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161\u00edm funkci\u00e1m pam\u00e4te. To by mohlo vies\u0165 k chemick\u00fdm lie\u010dbam na efekt\u00edvne vylie\u010denie emo\u010dnej traumy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources:<\/strong> Independent, The Newt Web, Eurek Alert, Nextech<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie:<\/strong> Pixabay\/TheDigitalArtist<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Experiment v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z Cambridgskej univerzity objavil prote\u00edn, ktor\u00fd by sa mohol da\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 na rozoznanie, \u010di by sa em\u00f3cie a spomienky mohli da\u0165 pozmeni\u0165 alebo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7248\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}