{"id":7262,"date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/mohla-by-xenotransplantacia-zachranovat-ludske-zivoty\/"},"modified":"2021-10-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-24T23:00:00","slug":"mohla-by-xenotransplantacia-zachranovat-ludske-zivoty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/mohla-by-xenotransplantacia-zachranovat-ludske-zivoty\/","title":{"rendered":"Mohla by xenotransplant\u00e1cia zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pokusy, ktor\u00e9 viedli k\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm anal\u00fdzam<\/h3>\n

Koncept medzidruhovej transplant\u00e1cie<\/strong> je zn\u00e1my ako xenotransplant\u00e1cia.<\/strong> Pod dan\u00fdm pojmom rozumieme proces odobratia org\u00e1nu z jedn\u00e9ho organizmu do druh\u00e9ho. Hlavn\u00fdm rozdielom medzi \u0148ou a be\u017enou transplant\u00e1ciou je v tom, \u017ee sa transplantuje medzi odli\u0161n\u00fdmi \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nymi druhmi.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee to znie\u0165 ako koncept z\u00a0bud\u00facnosti, ale po\u010diatky tohto n\u00e1padu siahaj\u00fa do 17. storo\u010dia. Franc\u00fazsky lek\u00e1r Jean-Baptiste Denys<\/strong> v\u00a0roku 1667 vykonal transf\u00faziu jah\u0148acej krvi do \u017e\u00edl mlad\u00e9ho chlapca. Z\u00e1zrakom mu krv pomohla, ale \u010fal\u0161\u00ed jeho pacienti nemali tak\u00e9 \u0161\u0165astie.<\/p>\n

Org\u00e1ny \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov in\u00e9ho druhu sa pri takomto type oper\u00e1cie naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa xenoimplant\u00e1ty.<\/strong> Prv\u00e1 tak\u00e1to transplant\u00e1cia srdca u \u010dloveka bola vykonan\u00e1 v roku 1964 pomocou srdca \u0161impanza. Thomas Starzl<\/strong> uskuto\u010dnil prv\u00fa transplant\u00e1ciu pe\u010dene zo \u0161impanza na \u010dloveka<\/strong> v roku 1966. V 90. rokoch vykonal transplant\u00e1ciu pe\u010dene z pavi\u00e1na na \u010dloveka. V oboch pr\u00edpadoch bolo pre\u017eitie xenoimplant\u00e1tov kr\u00e1tke v d\u00f4sledku odmietnutia \u0161tepu. Imunosupres\u00edvne lieky nesta\u010dili na zabr\u00e1nenie imunitnej odpovede<\/strong> proti xenoimplant\u00e1tom.<\/p>\n

Strach o\u00a0zdravie a\u00a0komfort zvierat<\/h3>\n

Transplant\u00e1cia zvierac\u00edch org\u00e1nov do tela \u010dloveka vyvol\u00e1va rozruch nielen v\u00a0medic\u00ednskej oblasti, ale aj na etickej p\u00f4de. Obavy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u00edrusy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 nemusia by\u0165 \u013eahko rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom dne\u0161n\u00fdch techn\u00edk. Sporom by mohli by\u0165 aj ochorenia, ktor\u00e9 by sa u\u00a0\u010dloveka prejavili roky po ubehnut\u00ed transplant\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n R\u00f4zne choroby a \u00farazy dok\u00e1\u017ee napravi\u0165 jedine transplant\u00e1cia. zdroj: pinterest.com\n

Vyn\u00e1raj\u00fa sa aj probl\u00e9my t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa \u017eivotn\u00fdch podmienok zvierat<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 najm\u00e4 v uzavretom priestore. Ochrancovia pr\u00e1v zvierat taktie\u017e nes\u00fahlasia s vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm a \u0161\u013eachten\u00edm zvierat, ktor\u00fdch by sa xenotransplant\u00e1cia t\u00fdkala.<\/p>\n

Dlhoro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumy by mohli pom\u00f4c\u0165 k\u00a0vyrie\u0161eniu probl\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n

Obavy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zmiernen\u00e9, ak nazrieme na tento v\u00fdskum z vedeck\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska. Mno\u017estvo pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch darovan\u00fdch org\u00e1nov za posledn\u00e9 polstoro\u010die dostato\u010dne nevzr\u00e1stlo, zatia\u013e \u010do potreba org\u00e1nov sa prudko zv\u00fd\u0161ila.<\/strong> Denne zomrie 10 a\u017e 22 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa zap\u00edsan\u00ed v zozname \u010dakate\u013eov. Americk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotn\u00edctva a soci\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb eviduje pribli\u017ene 100 000 \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed potrebuj\u00fa transplantova\u0165 obli\u010dku<\/strong> a 32 000 \u013eud\u00ed je zaraden\u00fdch do \u010dakate\u013esk\u00e9ho zoznamu. \u010c\u00edsla v\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00fdm d\u0148om rast\u00fa, a to nielen v USA, ale po celom svete. K\u00fdm sa pacient dostane na rad, roky bojuje s boles\u0165ami a stresom, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje neist\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n Org\u00e1ny o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch by po starostlivom v\u00fdskume dok\u00e1zali regulova\u0165 \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 funkcie aj u \u010dloveka. zdroj: pexels.com\n

Roky v\u00fdskumov docielili zistenie, \u017ee o\u0161\u00edpan\u00e9 s\u00fa na xenotransplant\u00e1ciu pravdepodobne vhodnej\u0161ie ne\u017e ak\u00e9ko\u013evek in\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1.<\/strong> D\u00f4vodom s\u00fa ich ve\u013ek\u00e9 vrhy, kr\u00e1tke obdobia gravidity a org\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00fdm. Na pop\u00e1leniny sa v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161tepy z brav\u010dovej ko\u017ee alebo sa pri kardiovaskul\u00e1rnych probl\u00e9moch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ich srdcov\u00e9 chlopne.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co sa t\u00fdka xenotransplant\u00e1cie, lek\u00e1ri a\u00a0v\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa museli popasova\u0165 e\u0161te s\u00a0jedn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom. Prasacie bunky obsahuj\u00fa enz\u00fdm alfa-galaktozid\u00e1zu<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo nedok\u00e1\u017ee spracova\u0165.<\/strong> Biotechnologick\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti preto za\u010dali investova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pe\u0148az\u00ed do genetick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 by sa rodili s\u00a0absenciou tohto enz\u00fdmu. R\u00f4zne testy dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee obli\u010dky o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch v \u013eudskom tele spr\u00e1vne vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa svoju pr\u00e1cu \u2013 z\u00a0krvi filtruj\u00fa odpad a produkuj\u00fa mo\u010d.<\/p>\n

Zna\u010d\u00ed prelomov\u00e1 xenotransplant\u00e1cia pokrok?<\/h3>\n

Prv\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 transplant\u00e1cia<\/strong> geneticky upravenej prasacej obli\u010dky do \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela bola ned\u00e1vno uskuto\u010dnen\u00e1 v\u00a0akademickom lek\u00e1rskom centre NYU Langone Health<\/strong>. Po dvojhodinovej oper\u00e1ci\u00ed bol darca (s mozgovou smr\u0165ou) so s\u00fahlasom rodiny udr\u017eiavan\u00fd na ventil\u00e1tore, ktor\u00fd pumpoval do jeho tela kysl\u00edk. Lek\u00e1ri po\u010das 54 hod\u00edn, \u0161tudovali funkciu obli\u010diek<\/strong> a\u00a0sledovali \u010di telo prejav\u00ed pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 by nazna\u010dovali, \u017ee org\u00e1n nebol telom prijat\u00fd. Doteraz neboli zisten\u00e9 \u017eiadne zn\u00e1mky odmietnutia.<\/strong> Tento experiment m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 aj k in\u00fdm druhom transplant\u00e1cie org\u00e1nov. V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie bud\u00fa predlo\u017een\u00e9 na partnersk\u00e9 presk\u00famanie a n\u00e1sledn\u00fa publik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n Oper\u00e1cia bola financovan\u00e1 z grantu (3,2 mili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov) United Therapeutics, biotechnologickej spolo\u010dnosti so s\u00eddlom v Silver Spring, Maryland. zdroj: unsplash.com\n

Oper\u00e1ciu vykon\u00e1val Dr. Robert Montgomery<\/strong> a\u00a0v\u00a0\u010fal\u0161om v\u00fdvoji v\u00fdskumu vid\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. \u201eAk sa bude veda a experimentovanie na\u010falej pozit\u00edvne pos\u00fava\u0165 vpred, mohli by sme by\u0165 bl\u00edzko xenotransplant\u00e1cii obli\u010diek do \u017eiv\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 tejto pr\u00e1ce sa neobmedzuje len na obli\u010dky. Transplant\u00e1cia s\u0155dc z geneticky upraven\u00e9ho prasa\u0165a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edm ve\u013ek\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom.“<\/strong> Taktie\u017e dodal: \u201eToto je mimoriadny moment, ktor\u00fd by sa mal oslavova\u0165 \u2013 nie ako koniec cesty, ale za\u010diatok. Je potrebn\u00e9 urobi\u0165 viac pr\u00e1ce, aby sa xenotransplant\u00e1cia stala ka\u017edodennou realitou.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sources:<\/strong> www.craffic.co.in, www.news-medical.net<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pokusy, ktor\u00e9 viedli k\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm anal\u00fdzam Koncept medzidruhovej transplant\u00e1cie je zn\u00e1my ako xenotransplant\u00e1cia. Pod dan\u00fdm pojmom rozumieme proces odobratia org\u00e1nu z jedn\u00e9ho organizmu do druh\u00e9ho. Hlavn\u00fdm<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7262\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}