{"id":7267,"date":"2021-10-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vplyvne-zeny-v-starovekom-rime\/"},"modified":"2021-10-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-26T23:00:00","slug":"vplyvne-zeny-v-starovekom-rime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vplyvne-zeny-v-starovekom-rime\/","title":{"rendered":"Vplyvn\u00e9 \u017eeny v starovekom R\u00edme &#8211; spoznajte tri najmocnej\u0161ie"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Postavenie \u017eien v\u00a0antickom R\u00edme<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nerovnocenn\u00e9 postavenie mu\u017eov a \u017eien bolo v antickom R\u00edme be\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou &#8211; a\u017e dennou rutinou. O nedostatku \u017eensk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v taktie\u017e vypoved\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nok v The Great Courses Daily. R\u00edmske \u017eeny zriedkakedy smeli vykon\u00e1va\u0165 verejn\u00e9 \u010di mocensk\u00e9 funkcie. Namiesto toho bola ich \u00faloha jasne definovan\u00e1 \u2013\u00a0o\u010dak\u00e1vala sa od nich iba starostlivos\u0165 o\u00a0deti a\u00a0dom\u00e1cnos\u0165. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u017eien v\u00a0r\u00edmskej spolo\u010dnosti bola ovl\u00e1dan\u00e1 <strong>otcom<\/strong> or <strong>man\u017eelom<\/strong>, dialo sa to predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00a0bohat\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch. \u017deny a\u00a0mlad\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 sa vyd\u00e1vali za \u00fa\u010delom vytvorenia politick\u00fdch alebo finan\u010dn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov a\u00a0partnera si m\u00e1lokedy vyberali sam\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Jedin\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom pri \u0161t\u00fadiu \u017eivota t\u00fdchto \u017eien je autenticita zachovan\u00fdch zdrojov. Autormi v\u0161etk\u00fdch z\u00edskan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed boli toti\u017eto mu\u017ei, \u010di\u017ee\u00a0nadobudnut\u00e9 poznatky o\u00a0r\u00edmskych \u017een\u00e1ch s\u00fa \u201efiltrovan\u00e9\u201c cez ich optiku. Napriek tomu sa historikom podarilo da\u0165 dokopy obraz toho, ako mohol vyzera\u0165 ich \u017eivot v\u00a0starovekom R\u00edme.<\/p>\n<p>Aj pri silnom nedostatku pr\u00e1v sa od r\u00edmskej man\u017eelky o\u010dak\u00e1valo, \u017ee bude skromn\u00e1 a\u00a0poskytne mu\u017eovi neut\u00edchaj\u00facu podporu. Za \u017eiadnych okolnost\u00ed v\u0161ak postavenie <strong>pater familias<\/strong> (z latin\u010diny otec rodiny) nemohla ohrozi\u0165. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je ale zn\u00e1mych viacero \u201esl\u00e1vnych\u201c pr\u00edkladov \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 sa skuto\u010dne stali v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi. Niektor\u00e9 z nich sledovali udalosti ticho na okraji, in\u00e9 zasa vzali veci do svojich r\u00fak. <strong>Vplyvn\u00e9 \u017eeny v starovekom R\u00edme, <\/strong>ktor\u00e9 kon\u0161pirovali, pl\u00e1novali sprisahania s cie\u013eom zabi\u0165 a prevzia\u0165 kontrolu nad R\u00edmskou r\u00ed\u0161ou.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><em><strong>Tri vplyvn\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najmocnej\u0161ie \u017eeny starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma:<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>1. <\/strong><strong>Fulvia<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Fulvia bola aristokratick\u00e1 r\u00edmska \u017eena, ktor\u00e1 sa narodila do \u0161\u013eachtickej rodiny v\u00a0roku 83 p .n. l. Obdobie jej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho vplyvu v\u00a0R\u00edme boli roky <strong>44-40 p. n. l<\/strong>. (pribli\u017ene v\u00a0\u010dase vra\u017edy <strong>Julia Caesara<\/strong> v\u00a0roku 44 p. n. l.). Anga\u017eovala sa v\u00a0politike a\u00a0vybudovala si zna\u010dn\u00e9 bohatstvo po tom, \u010do opakovane ovdovela. Bola taktie\u017e prvou nemytologickou \u017eenou, ktor\u00e1 sa objavila <strong>na r\u00edmskych minciach<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Najstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1znam o\u00a0Fulvii opisuje n\u00e1siln\u00fa smr\u0165 jej prv\u00e9ho man\u017eela, politika <strong>Publia Clodia Pulchera. <\/strong>Po\u010das jeho volebnej kampane vypukla vzbura a\u00a0Clodius bol na smr\u0165 dobit\u00fd davom, ktor\u00fd bol zaplaten\u00fd politikov\u00fdm rivalom<strong> Titom Anniom Milom<\/strong>. Fulvia s\u00a0jeho matkou odvliekli m\u0155tve telo na <strong>Forum Romanum<\/strong> (b\u00fdval\u00e9 politick\u00e9 centrum R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e) s pr\u00edsahou, \u017ee smr\u0165 neostane nepotrestan\u00e1. Jej \u010fal\u0161\u00ed man\u017eel <strong>Gaius Scribonius Curio<\/strong> bol zvolen\u00fd za trib\u00fana, \u010do bolo v\u00a0tom obdob\u00ed pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za mocn\u00e9 postavenie. Pr\u00e1ve Fulvia presved\u010dila nasledovn\u00edkov svojho zosnul\u00e9ho man\u017eela, aby podporili vo vo\u013eb\u00e1ch Curia.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roku 47 p. n. l. sa tret\u00edkr\u00e1t vydala \u2013 jej man\u017eelom sa stal <strong>Marcus Antonius<\/strong>, prav\u00e1 ruka Caesara. Po jeho smrti sa Antonius stal jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0troch spoluvl\u00e1dcov R\u00edma. Man\u017eelia nesk\u00f4r vykonali ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vr\u00e1\u017ed, ktor\u00fdmi odstr\u00e1nili svojich politick\u00fdch nepriate\u013eov (vr\u00e1tane politika Marcusa Tulliusa Cicera). V\u00a0roku 42 p. n. l. Antonius s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi spoluvl\u00e1dcami opustili R\u00edm a\u00a0prenasledovali Caesarov\u00fdch vrahov. Fulvia sa takisto stala de facto \u201espoluvl\u00e1dcom R\u00edma\u201c. Sna\u017eila sa podporova\u0165 politick\u00e9 amb\u00edcie svojho mu\u017ea a\u00a0za\u010dala tak nepriate\u013estvo s\u00a0<strong>Octavianom <\/strong>\u2013 Caesarov\u00fdm adopt\u00edvnym synom, z\u00e1rove\u0148 Antoniov\u00fdm najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm rivalom. Toho v\u0161ak v\u00a0tom \u010dase u\u017e zaujala Kleopatra Egyptsk\u00e1. Fulvia svoje boje bitky napokon prehrala a\u00a0zomrela v\u00a0roku 40 p. n. l. po\u010das vyhnanstva v\u00a0Gr\u00e9cku.<\/p>\n R\u00edmska aristokratka Fulvia Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n Fulvia na r\u00edmskych minciach Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Livia Drusilla <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Livia, <strong>man\u017eelka Augusta<\/strong>, prv\u00e9ho r\u00edmskeho cis\u00e1ra, bola jednou z\u00a0najmocnej\u0161\u00edch \u017eien po\u010das prv\u00fdch rokoch R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e (v rokoch 27 p. n. l. \u2013 14 n. l.). Hoci p\u00e1r nesplodil dedi\u010da, Livia mala v\u00fdznamn\u00fa osobn\u00fa slobodu a\u00a0patrila medzi najvplyvnej\u0161ie \u017eeny, ak\u00e9 kedy R\u00edm mal. V\u00a0roku 4 n. l. Augustus adoptoval <strong>Tiberia<\/strong>, Liviinho syna z\u00a0predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho man\u017eelstva a\u00a0vymenoval ho za svojho n\u00e1stupcu. Po jeho smrti sa Tiberius skuto\u010dne stal cis\u00e1rom R\u00edma. \u0160\u00edrili sa v\u0161ak klebety, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve Livia zabila man\u017eela, a to po \u00fadajn\u00fdch \u00famysloch zmeni\u0165 svojho n\u00e1stupcu. Otr\u00e1vila vraj zop\u00e1r f\u00edg visiacich na stromoch \u2013 ona zjedla tie, ktor\u00e9 neboli potret\u00e9 jedom a\u00a0otr\u00e1ven\u00e9 pon\u00fakla Augustovi. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00ed historici sa ale s\u00a0t\u00fdmto tvrden\u00edm nie celkom stoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa. Man\u017eel jej v\u00a0z\u00e1vete udelil \u00a0\u010destn\u00fd titul <strong>Julia Augusta. <\/strong>Jej vplyv trval aj po\u010das Tiberiovej vl\u00e1dy \u2013 a\u017e do d\u0148a, pok\u00fdm v\u00a0roku 29 n. l. neumrela.<\/p>\n Man\u017eelka prv\u00e9ho r\u00edmskeho cis\u00e1ra Augusta &#8211; Livia Drusilla Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. Agrippina Mlad\u0161ia <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>According to<strong> Emmy Southon, autorky knihy \u201eAgrippina: Najv\u00fdnimo\u010dnej\u0161ia \u017eena r\u00edmskeho sveta\u201c<\/strong>, bola pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to \u017eena (v r\u00f4znych obdobiach \u017eivota) man\u017eelkou, neterou, matkou a\u00a0sestrou niektor\u00fdch cis\u00e1rov starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma. V\u00a0roku 39 n. l. ju jej brat <strong>Caligula<\/strong>, poslal do vyhnanstva za sprisahanie proti nemu. Av\u0161ak po jeho vra\u017ede v\u00a0roku 41 n. l. sa do R\u00edma op\u00e4tovne vr\u00e1tila. O\u00a0osem rokov nesk\u00f4r sa vydala za svojho str\u00fdka \u2013 <strong>cis\u00e1ra Claudia<\/strong>. Ten dokonca zmenil z\u00e1kony t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa incestu, aby sa s neterou mohol pr\u00e1voplatne o\u017eeni\u0165. Agrippina mala prirodzene nad svoj\u00edm nov\u00fdm man\u017eelom ve\u013ek\u00fa kontrolu. Southon v knihe \u010falej ozrejmila, \u017ee Claudius bol vo vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed zl\u00fd a v politike chodi\u0165 nevedel \u2013 s rados\u0165ou tak prijal rady svojej \u017eeny. Cis\u00e1r jej do roka udelil \u010destn\u00fd titul <strong>Augusta, \u010d\u00edm sa stali rovnocenn\u00fdmi<\/strong>. V tom momente bola v ka\u017edom smere<strong> \u201evl\u00e1dnucou partnerkou svojho man\u017eela\u201c<\/strong>. Spravovala imp\u00e9rium a\u00a0poru\u0161ovala pravidl\u00e1 vhodn\u00e9ho \u017eensk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania t\u00fdm, \u017ee odmietala by\u0165 iba<strong> \u201etichou a\u00a0pas\u00edvnou man\u017eelkou\u201c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Agrippina nechala v\u00a0roku 54 n. l. Claudia zavra\u017edi\u0165 jedom, \u010do umo\u017enilo jej synovi <strong>Nerovi<\/strong> prevzia\u0165 tr\u00f3n<strong>. <\/strong>Prostredn\u00edctvom kontroly nad mal\u00fdm synom Nerom, si tak zabezpe\u010dila vl\u00e1du aj nad cel\u00fdm imp\u00e9riom. Ten sa po istom \u010dase zaprisahal, \u017ee matku kv\u00f4li vypo\u010d\u00edtav\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu zabije. Agrippina s\u00edce pre\u017eila nieko\u013eko ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch (Nerov\u00fdch) pokusov o atent\u00e1t, av\u0161ak v roku 59 n. l. syn svoje pr\u00edsahy naplnil a matku zabil.<\/p>\n Busta Agrippiny Mlad\u0161ej Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje: www.livescience.com , www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Postavenie \u017eien v\u00a0antickom R\u00edme Nerovnocenn\u00e9 postavenie mu\u017eov a \u017eien bolo v antickom R\u00edme be\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou &#8211; a\u017e dennou rutinou. O nedostatku \u017eensk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v taktie\u017e vypoved\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7267","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7267\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}