{"id":7275,"date":"2021-10-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/analyza-dna-odhalila-skutocneho-pravnuka-sediaceho-byka\/"},"modified":"2021-10-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T23:00:00","slug":"analyza-dna-odhalila-skutocneho-pravnuka-sediaceho-byka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/analyza-dna-odhalila-skutocneho-pravnuka-sediaceho-byka\/","title":{"rendered":"Anal\u00fdza DNA odhalila skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho pravnuka Sediaceho b\u00fdka"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sl\u00e1vny Sediaci b\u00fdk<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Vedci potvrdili, \u017ee mu\u017e z\u00a0Ju\u017enej Dakoty, je skuto\u010dne pravnukom ikonick\u00e9ho indi\u00e1nskeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka. DNA z\u00a0vlasov Sediaceho b\u00fdka<\/strong> potvrdila spojitos\u0165 s\u00a0Erniem Lapointe<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd rodinn\u00fd vz\u0165ah avizoval dlhodobo.<\/p>\n

Sediaci b\u00fdk (z lakot\u0161tiny T\u0125at\u0125\u00e1\u014bka \u00cdyotake) viedol indi\u00e1nsky kme\u0148 Siouxov<\/strong> (Hunkpapa Lakota) na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161nej Ju\u017enej Dakoty. Bol vojensk\u00fdm vodcom, ktor\u00fd v\u00a0roku 1876 v\u00a0bitke pri Little Bighorne<\/strong> porazil americk\u00e9ho d\u00f4stojn\u00edka Georgea Custera<\/strong>. N\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk utiekol z\u00a0krajiny a\u00a0n\u00e1sledne sa vr\u00e1til, aby sa pripojil k Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show (Prehliadky Divok\u00e9ho z\u00e1padu). Pod\u013ea PBS n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka v\u00a0roku 1890 zabila indi\u00e1nska pol\u00edcia (z iniciat\u00edvy vl\u00e1dy), ktor\u00e1 sa ho pok\u00fa\u0161ala iba zatkn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 zistenie potvrdzuje, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u017eij\u00facim pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdm Sediaceho b\u00fdka je Ernie Lapointe<\/strong>, takisto mu\u017e z\u00a0kme\u0148a Siouxov. Ide o\u00a0\u00faplne prv\u00fd pokus, kedy bola starovek\u00e1 DNA pou\u017eit\u00e1 na potvrdenie rodinn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu medzi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a\u00a0historick\u00fdmi jednotlivcami.<\/p>\n

\u201ePodarilo sa n\u00e1m n\u00e1js\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo *autozom\u00e1lnej DNA vo vzorke vlasov Sediaceho b\u00fdka a\u00a0porovna\u0165 ju so vzorkou DNA Lapointeho, ako aj in\u00fdch lakotsk\u00fdch Siouxov,\u201c<\/strong><\/em> povedal ved\u00faci v\u00fdskumn\u00edk Eske Willerslev<\/strong> (evolu\u010dn\u00fd genetik z University of Cambridge).<\/p>\n

\u201eS pote\u0161en\u00edm sme zistili, \u017ee sa jednozna\u010dne zhoduj\u00fa.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

*autozom\u00e1lna DNA ozna\u010duje genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faci sa na 22 p\u00e1roch nepohlavn\u00fdch chromoz\u00f3mov<\/p>\n V\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk indi\u00e1nskeho kme\u0148a Siouxov – Sediaci b\u00fdk. Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n

 <\/p>\n

Neust\u00e1le ho spochyb\u0148ovali <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Lapointe sa doposia\u013e pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed rodokme\u0148a spoliehal iba na rodn\u00e9 a\u00a0\u00famrtn\u00e9 listy, ktor\u00e9 ho sp\u00e1jali so Sediacim b\u00fdkom. Ke\u010f\u017ee tieto doklady je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u013eahko sfal\u0161ova\u0165, jeho tvrdenia boli pravidelne spochyb\u0148ovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo\u010das mnoh\u00fdch rokov sa ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed pok\u00fasilo vyvr\u00e1ti\u0165 rodinn\u00fd vz\u0165ah, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1me<\/strong> (Lapointe a jeho sestry) so Sediacim b\u00fdkom,\u201c<\/strong> uviedol Lapointe.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f v\u0161ak N\u00e1rodn\u00e9 pr\u00edrodovedn\u00e9 m\u00fazeum vo Washingtone, D.C. (Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History)<\/strong> vr\u00e1tilo v roku 2007 vzorku vlasov indi\u00e1nskeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka Lapointemu, vyskytla sa tak jedine\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 uzavrie\u0165 diskusiu raz a nav\u017edy. Willerslev sa mu v momente rozhodol nap\u00edsa\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee je ve\u013ek\u00fdm obdivovate\u013eom Sediaceho b\u00fdka a \u0161pecializuje sa na anal\u00fdzu starovekej DNA.<\/p>\n

"…pova\u017eoval by som za ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010des\u0165, ak by mi bolo dovolen\u00e9 porovna\u0165 DNA Ernieho a\u00a0jeho sestier s\u00a0DNA vlasov indi\u00e1nskeho vodcu\u201c, poznamenal Willerslev vo svojom vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Lapointe napokon povolil vedcom anal\u00fdzu malej vzorky vlasov, zatia\u013e \u010do zvy\u0161ok sp\u00e1lil po\u010das duchovn\u00e9ho obradu. Uk\u00e1zalo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee extrahova\u0165 DNA zo vzorky bude mimoriadne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, preto\u017ee vlasy neboli v\u00a0m\u00fazeu riadne konzervovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n Ernie Lapointe, pravnuk indi\u00e1nskeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka kme\u0148a Siouxov. Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n

 <\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Willerslev spolu s\u00a0jeho t\u00edmom sa 14 rokov pok\u00fa\u0161ali extrahova\u0165 DNA z\u00a0po\u0161koden\u00fdch vlasov a\u00a0spoji\u0165 ju s\u00a0pravnukom. Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0d\u00f4vodov zlo\u017eitosti procesu bola nevyhnutnos\u0165 autozom\u00e1lnej DNA (genealogick\u00fd test DNA). \u0160t\u00fadie zaoberaj\u00face sa zodpovedan\u00edm ot\u00e1zok o\u00a0p\u00f4vode (pomocou DNA anal\u00fdzy), sa v\u00a0minulosti spoliehali na vzorky DNA \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre pohlavie. Napr\u00edklad DNA v\u00a0chromoz\u00f3me Y<\/strong> (nach\u00e1dza sa v\u00fdlu\u010dne u\u00a0mu\u017eov), mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 na sledovanie p\u00f4vodu prostredn\u00edctvom mu\u017eskej l\u00ednie (od otcov a\u017e k\u00a0synom). DNA z\u00a0mitochondri\u00ed<\/strong> (organely produkuj\u00face energiu), ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u00a0na\u0161ich bunk\u00e1ch, sa pren\u00e1\u0161a v\u00fdlu\u010dne na potomstvo sam\u00edc.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee Lapointe tvrdil, \u017ee je s\u00a0n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkom pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd z\u00a0matkinej strany, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci potrebovali autozom\u00e1lnu DNA. T\u00e1 je zmesou DNA oboch rodi\u010dov a\u00a0len t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa dala vystopova\u0165 jeho genetick\u00e1 l\u00ednia. Extrahova\u0165 DNA v\u0161ak nebolo jednoduch\u00e9 (najm\u00e4 kv\u00f4li star\u00fdm vzork\u00e1m DNA a\u00a0ich zl\u00e9mu stavu), vedci tak vyvinuli \u00faplne nov\u00fa techniku.<\/p>\n

Met\u00f3da zah\u0155\u0148a porovnanie toho, ak\u00e1 DNA sa d\u00e1 extrahova\u0165 zo vzorky s\u00a0DNA \u010fal\u0161ieho jedinca, ako aj in\u00fdch jedincov z\u00a0rovnakej popul\u00e1cie \u2013 v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade Lapointeho a\u00a0\u010dlenov Hunkpapa Lakota. To v\u0161etko umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom pr\u00eds\u0165 na frekvenciu ur\u010dit\u00fdch alel <\/strong>(r\u00f4zne vari\u00e1cie rovnak\u00fdch g\u00e9nov) v\u00a0popul\u00e1cii a\u00a0pou\u017ei\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 modely na ur\u010denie pravdepodobnosti – \u010di maj\u00fa dvaja jedinci rovnak\u00e9 alely n\u00e1hodou alebo ich zdie\u013eaj\u00fa iba ak s\u00fa priami pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n Vlasy z temena hlavy Sediaceho b\u00fdka, z ktor\u00fdch bola odobran\u00e1 vzorka. Zdroj:www.livescience.com\n

T\u00e1to prelomov\u00e1 technika by sa mohla vyu\u017ei\u0165 na odkrytie \u010fal\u0161\u00edch sl\u00e1vnych a\u00a0nevyrie\u0161en\u00fdch z\u00e1had.<\/p>\n

\u201eV z\u00e1sade by ste mohli vy\u0161etrova\u0165 koho chcete, aj rodinu rusk\u00e9ho c\u00e1ra Romanovcov. Ak existuje pr\u00edstup k\u00a0starej DNA, zvy\u010dajne extrahovanej z\u00a0kost\u00ed, zubov \u010di vlasov, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 presk\u00faman\u00e9 rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> povedal Willerslev.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroje: www.livescience.com , www.pbs.org<\/p>\n

Zdroj titulnej fotografie: sk.pinterest.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sl\u00e1vny Sediaci b\u00fdk Vedci potvrdili, \u017ee mu\u017e z\u00a0Ju\u017enej Dakoty, je skuto\u010dne pravnukom ikonick\u00e9ho indi\u00e1nskeho n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edka. DNA z\u00a0vlasov Sediaceho b\u00fdka potvrdila spojitos\u0165 s\u00a0Erniem Lapointe, ktor\u00fd rodinn\u00fd<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7275"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7275\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}