{"id":7312,"date":"2021-11-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vyvoj-mediciny-a-zaujimavosti-z-roznych-kutov-sveta\/"},"modified":"2021-11-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-12T23:00:00","slug":"vyvoj-mediciny-a-zaujimavosti-z-roznych-kutov-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vyvoj-mediciny-a-zaujimavosti-z-roznych-kutov-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"Poklady \u010d\u00ednskej medic\u00edny"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Pokra\u010dovanie s\u00e9rie o v\u00fdvoji medic\u00edny vo svete &#8211; 2.\u010das\u0165 venovan\u00e1 \u010c\u00edne.<\/h3>\n<p>\u010coraz viac \u013eud\u00ed sa obracia k v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm smerom medic\u00edny a r\u00f4znym alternat\u00edvam, prirodzenej\u0161\u00edm pre na\u0161e telo i ducha. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pozna\u0165 jej aktu\u00e1lny stav a mo\u017enosti, ale taktie\u017e aj jej v\u00fdvoj a z\u00e1klady, na ktor\u00fdch je postaven\u00e1. Po\u010fme sa na to spolu pozrie\u0165, prajem v\u00e1m pr\u00edjemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edtanie a pevn\u00e9 zdravie! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednska medic\u00edna) Zdroj: royalqueenseeds.com\n<p><strong>Eur\u00f3pska medic\u00edna sa za\u010dala presadzova\u0165 v \u010c\u00edne za\u010diatkom 19. storo\u010dia, ale p\u00f4vodn\u00fd syst\u00e9m je st\u00e1le \u0161iroko praktizovan\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladom tradi\u010dnej \u010d\u00ednskej medic\u00edny je dualistick\u00e1 kozmick\u00e1<strong> te\u00f3ria yinyang. Jang, mu\u017esk\u00fd princ\u00edp, je akt\u00edvny a \u013eahk\u00fd a je reprezentovan\u00fd nebesami. Jin, \u017eensk\u00fd princ\u00edp, je pas\u00edvny a temn\u00fd a predstavuje ho zem. <\/strong>\u013dudsk\u00e9 telo, rovnako ako hmota vo v\u0161eobecnosti, sa sklad\u00e1 z piatich prvkov: dreva, oh\u0148a, zeme, kovu a vody.<\/p>\n<p>S nimi s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie skupiny po piatich, ako je p\u00e4\u0165 plan\u00e9t, p\u00e4\u0165 podmienok atmosf\u00e9ry, p\u00e4\u0165 farieb a p\u00e4\u0165 t\u00f3nov. Zdravie, charakter a \u00faspech v s\u00fakromn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch s\u00fa determinovan\u00e9 prevahou yin alebo yang v danom \u010dase a <strong>hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom starovekej \u010d\u00ednskej medic\u00edny je kontrolova\u0165 ich proporcie v tele<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>U\u010denie n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch siekt zakazovalo mrza\u010denie m\u0155tveho \u013eudsk\u00e9ho tela, preto tradi\u010dn\u00e1 anat\u00f3mia spo\u010d\u00edva na neistom vedeckom z\u00e1klade. Jeden z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch spisovate\u013eov o anat\u00f3mii, Wang Qingren, z\u00edskal svoje poznatky z <strong>in\u0161pekcie det\u00ed roztrhan\u00fdch psami, ktor\u00e9 zomreli pri morovej epid\u00e9mii<\/strong> v roku 1798.<\/p>\n Ako sa jin a jang prejavuje v tele. Zdroj: amcollege.edu\n<h3>Anat\u00f3mia<\/h3>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednska anat\u00f3mia je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na kozmickom syst\u00e9me, ktor\u00fd predpoklad\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tak\u00fdch hypotetick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far, ak\u00fdmi s\u00fa 12 kan\u00e1lov a tri takzvan\u00e9 \u201ehoriace priestory&#8220;. <strong>Telo obsahuje p\u00e4\u0165 org\u00e1nov (srdce, p\u013e\u00faca, pe\u010de\u0148, slezinu a obli\u010dky), ktor\u00e9 ukladaj\u00fa, ale nevylu\u010duj\u00fa, a p\u00e4\u0165 vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov (ako je \u017eal\u00fadok, \u010drev\u00e1, \u017el\u010dn\u00edk a mo\u010dov\u00fd mech\u00far), ktor\u00e9 vylu\u010duj\u00fa, ale neukladaj\u00fa<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n je spojen\u00fd s jednou z plan\u00e9t, farieb, t\u00f3nov, v\u00f4n\u00ed a chut\u00ed. V tele je 365 kost\u00ed a 365 k\u013abov.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea fyziol\u00f3gie tradi\u010dnej \u010d\u00ednskej medic\u00edny krvn\u00e9 cievy obsahuj\u00fa krv a vzduch, pri\u010dom pomery sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od pomerov jin a jang. Tieto dva kozmick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy cirkuluj\u00fa v 12 kan\u00e1loch a riadia krvn\u00e9 cievy a t\u00fdm aj pulz. Huangdi neijing hovor\u00ed, \u017ee \u201epr\u00fad krvi te\u010die nepretr\u017eite v kruhu a nikdy sa nezastav\u00ed. D\u00e1 sa to prirovna\u0165 ku kruhu bez za\u010diatku a konca.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e1 <strong>\u010d\u00ednska patol\u00f3gia je tie\u017e z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na te\u00f3rii jin a jang<\/strong> &#8211; to viedlo k prepracovanej klasifik\u00e1cii chor\u00f4b, v ktor\u00fdch v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina uveden\u00fdch typov nem\u00e1 vedeck\u00fd z\u00e1klad.<\/p>\n<p>Pri diagnostike sa klad\u00fa podrobn\u00e9 <strong>ot\u00e1zky o anamn\u00e9ze choroby a o tak\u00fdch veciach, ako je chu\u0165, v\u00f4\u0148a a sny pacienta<\/strong>. Z\u00e1very sa vyvodzuj\u00fa z <strong>kvality hlasu a zaznamen\u00e1va sa farba tv\u00e1re a jazyka<\/strong>. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou vy\u0161etrovania je v\u0161ak vy\u0161etrenie pulzu. Wang Shuhe, ktor\u00fd nap\u00edsal \u201ePulse Classic\u201c, \u017eil v 3. storo\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom a k jeho dielu bolo nap\u00edsan\u00fdch nespo\u010detne ve\u013ea koment\u00e1rov. Pulz sa vy\u0161etruje na viacer\u00fdch miestach, v r\u00f4znom \u010dase a s r\u00f4znym stup\u0148om tlaku a cel\u00fd proces m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 a\u017e tri hodiny. \u010casto je to jedin\u00e9 vykonan\u00e9 vy\u0161etrenie a pou\u017e\u00edva sa na diagnostiku aj progn\u00f3zu. Nielen\u017ee sa zistia chor\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa <strong>predpoveda\u0165 aj \u010das smrti alebo uzdravenia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (\u010d\u00ednske bylinky) Zdroj: drxuperfectunion.com\n<h3>Materia medica<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednska materia medica bola v\u017edy rozsiahla a <strong>pozost\u00e1vala z rastlinn\u00fdch, \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych (vr\u00e1tane \u013eudsk\u00fdch) a miner\u00e1lnych lie\u010div<\/strong>. V\u0161etky tieto bylinky a lie\u010div\u00e1 sp\u00edsal Li Shijen v kompil\u00e1cii Bencao gangmu (\u201eVe\u013ek\u00fd liekopis\u201c) v 16. storo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho letopo\u010dtu. Toto dielo v 52 zv\u00e4zkoch bolo \u010dasto revidovan\u00e9 a dotla\u010dovan\u00e9 a je st\u00e1le smerodajn\u00e9. <strong>U\u017e\u00edvanie drog je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 na obnovenie harm\u00f3nie jin a jang a s\u00favis\u00ed aj s tak\u00fdmi z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ami ako p\u00e4\u0165 org\u00e1nov, p\u00e4\u0165 plan\u00e9t a p\u00e4\u0165 farieb<\/strong>. Umenie predpisovania je preto zlo\u017eit\u00e9 a v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi lieky, ktor\u00e9 <strong>z\u00e1padn\u00e1 medic\u00edna prevzala od \u010c\u00ed\u0148anov, patr\u00ed rebarbora, \u017eelezo (na an\u00e9miu), ric\u00ednov\u00fd olej, kaol\u00edn, akonit, g\u00e1for a Cannabis sativa (indick\u00e9 konope)<\/strong>. Olej Chaulmoogra pou\u017e\u00edvali \u010c\u00ed\u0148ania na lepru minim\u00e1lne od 14. storo\u010dia a pribli\u017ene v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed ho na tento \u00fa\u010del za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj z\u00e1padn\u00ed lek\u00e1ri. <strong>Bylina mahuang<\/strong> (Ephedra vulgaris) sa v \u010c\u00edne pou\u017e\u00edva u\u017e najmenej 4000 rokov a <strong>v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161ila z\u00e1padn\u00fa lie\u010dbu astmy<\/strong> a podobn\u00fdch stavov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Formy lie\u010dby<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Vodolie\u010dba je pravdepodobne \u010d\u00ednskeho p\u00f4vodu<\/strong>, preto\u017ee studen\u00e9 k\u00fapele sa pou\u017e\u00edvali pri hor\u00fa\u010dkach u\u017e v roku 180 pred Kristom.<\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou lie\u010dbou je <strong>moxovanie<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 spo\u010d\u00edva vo v\u00fdrobe mal\u00e9ho, navlh\u010den\u00e9ho ku\u017ee\u013ea (moxa) z pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdch listov paliny, aplikovan\u00edm na ko\u017eu, zap\u00e1len\u00edm a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm rozdrven\u00edm do takto vytvoren\u00e9ho p\u013euzgiera. Cvi\u010denie je \u010dasto spojen\u00e9 s akupunkt\u00farou.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (N\u00e1kres \u010d\u00ednskej akupunkt\u00fary) Zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p><strong>Akupunkt\u00fara pozost\u00e1va zo zavedenia kovovej ihly do ko\u017ee<\/strong> a pod \u0148ou le\u017eiacich tkan\u00edv. Te\u00f3ria hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ihla ovplyv\u0148uje distrib\u00faciu jin a jang v kan\u00e1loch a spa\u013eovac\u00edch priestoroch tela. Miesto vpichu sa vol\u00ed tak, aby ovplyvnilo konkr\u00e9tny org\u00e1n alebo org\u00e1ny. Prax akupunkt\u00fary poch\u00e1dza e\u0161te z obdobia 2500 pred Kristom a m\u00e1 origin\u00e1lnu \u010d\u00ednsku pe\u010diatku.<\/p>\n<p>Akupunkt\u00fara, \u010dasto kombinovan\u00e1 s moxovan\u00edm, je st\u00e1le \u0161iroko pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 pri mnoh\u00fdch ochoreniach, vr\u00e1tane zlomen\u00edn. Pacienti v z\u00e1padnom svete sa \u010dasto obracaj\u00fa na akupunkturistov so \u017eiados\u0165ou o \u00fa\u013eavu od bolesti a in\u00fdch sympt\u00f3mov.<\/p>\n<h3>A na z\u00e1ver zhrnutie literat\u00fary, na ktorej syst\u00e9m medic\u00edny vznikal<\/h3>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednsky syst\u00e9m medic\u00edny je ve\u013emi star\u00fd a je <strong>nez\u00e1visl\u00fd od ak\u00fdchko\u013evek vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vplyvov<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea trad\u00edcie Huangdi, jeden z legend\u00e1rnych zakladate\u013eov \u010d\u00ednskej civiliz\u00e1cie, nap\u00edsal v 3. tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed pred Kristom k\u00e1non vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho lek\u00e1rstva s n\u00e1zvom Huangdi neijing. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u010d\u00ednskej lek\u00e1rskej literat\u00fary je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na Huangdi neijing a st\u00e1le sa pova\u017euje za ve\u013ek\u00fa autoritu.\u00a0\u010eal\u0161\u00edmi sl\u00e1vnymi dielami s\u00fa Mojing a Yuzhuan yizong jinjian, kompil\u00e1cia lek\u00e1rskych spisov dynastie Han.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokra\u010dovanie s\u00e9rie o v\u00fdvoji medic\u00edny vo svete &#8211; 2.\u010das\u0165 venovan\u00e1 \u010c\u00edne. \u010coraz viac \u013eud\u00ed sa obracia k v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm smerom medic\u00edny a r\u00f4znym alternat\u00edvam, prirodzenej\u0161\u00edm pre<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7312"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7312\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}