{"id":7327,"date":"2021-11-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/africka-mytologia-bohovia\/"},"modified":"2021-11-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T23:00:00","slug":"africka-mytologia-bohovia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/africka-mytologia-bohovia\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e9 bytosti ukr\u00fdva africk\u00e1 mytol\u00f3gia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Sila duchovna<\/h3>\n<p>Ako m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina svoje legendy a\u00a0b\u00e1jne postavy, <strong>africk\u00e1 mytol\u00f3gia<\/strong> takisto tvor\u00ed neoddelite\u013en\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 kult\u00fary. Pr\u00edbehy, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161\u00edrili \u00fastnym podan\u00edm boli pln\u00e9 nadprirodzen\u00fdch bytost\u00ed alebo du\u0161\u00ed \u00a0predkov, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148ovali \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty.<\/p>\n \u013dudia v Afrike veria, \u017ee \u017eivot sa po smrti nekon\u010d\u00ed. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Pojem <strong>Jok<\/strong> zastre\u0161uje v\u0161etky <strong>bytosti z\u00a0in\u00e9ho sveta. Jorubovia<\/strong> s\u00fa etnickou skupinou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zast\u00fapenie na juhoz\u00e1pade Nig\u00e9rie a\u00a0veria, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlovek m\u00e1 najmenej <strong>tri duchovn\u00e9 bytosti. Emi<\/strong> (dych) je \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sila. S\u00eddli v\u00a0srdci, p\u013e\u00facach a\u00a0je \u017eiven\u00e1 vetrom. <strong>Ojiji<\/strong> v\u00a0jorub\u010dine znamen\u00e1 tie\u0148, ktor\u00fd po\u010das \u017eivota sprev\u00e1dza svojho majite\u013ea a\u00a0po smrti na\u0148ho \u010dak\u00e1 pri nebeskej br\u00e1ne. <strong>Eleda<\/strong> je str\u00e1\u017ena du\u0161a, ktor\u00fa treba \u017eivi\u0165 obetami. Ke\u010f \u010dlovek zomiera, tieto bo\u017esk\u00e9 bytosti jeho telo op\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa a\u00a0stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa s\u00a0n\u00edm v\u00a0nebi.<\/p>\n<h3>Bohovia z\u00e1padnej Afriky<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov ozna\u010duje najvy\u0161\u0161ieho boha ako<strong> Amma (Amen) alebo Olorun.<\/strong> Pod\u013ea \u013eudov\u00e9ho rozpr\u00e1vania Amma vytv\u00e1ra Zem a\u00a0sp\u00e1ja sa s\u00a0\u0148ou. Hviezdy predstavuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne \u010dasti tela Ammy. S\u00fahvezdie Orion sa napr\u00edklad ozna\u010duje \u201es\u00eddlo neba\u201c alebo \u201eAmmin pupok\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1padoafri\u010dania maj\u00fa aj ve\u013ea pr\u00edbehov o potulnom podvodn\u00edkovi, ktor\u00fd je spojen\u00fd so zmenami a h\u00e1dkami. \u00dastrednou postavou povest\u00ed je<strong> Anansi<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee oklama\u0165 svojou \u013eudskou podobou, p\u00f4vod jeho mena v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1 <strong>pav\u00fak.<\/strong> Jeho pref\u00edkanos\u0165 je v skuto\u010dnosti tak\u00e1 legend\u00e1rna, \u017ee in\u0161pirovala samostatn\u00e9 <strong>akansk\u00e9 <\/strong>slovo \u2013 <strong>Anansesem<\/strong> \u2013 pr\u00edbeh pr\u00edli\u0161 neuverite\u013en\u00fd na to, aby sa mu dalo uveri\u0165.<\/p>\n Anansi je pref\u00edkan\u00fd a dok\u00e1\u017ee oklama\u0165 tak, \u017ee si to jeho obe\u0165 ani nev\u0161imne. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Napr\u00edklad v jednom pr\u00edbehu Anansi prekab\u00e1ti obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 divok\u00e9ho leoparda. Chyt\u00ed ho do pasce tak, \u017ee vykope dieru pre \u0161elmu a potom mu zvia\u017ee laby pavu\u010dinou. <strong>Africk\u00e1 mytol\u00f3gia in\u0161pirovala aj popkult\u00faru,<\/strong> preto\u017ee charakterov\u00e9 prvky Anansiho maj\u00fa ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho s <strong>komiksov\u00fdm superhrdinom Spidermanom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdchod a stred<\/h3>\n<p>Rozpr\u00e1vky pri mesa\u010dnom svetle alebo ohni s\u00fa v\u00a0Keni tradi\u010dnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u017eivota. Dospel\u00ed rozpr\u00e1vaj\u00fa de\u0165om b\u00e1jky hovoriace o\u00a0\u017eivote a\u00a0mor\u00e1lke. Tie\u017e vysvet\u013euj\u00fa ich p\u00f4vod a\u00a0z\u00e1kony, ktor\u00fdmi sa riadia. Ka\u017ed\u00fd kme\u0148 zvy\u010dajne praktizoval <strong>monoteizmus<\/strong> \u2013 vieru, \u017ee existuje jedin\u00fd Boh, medzi in\u00fdmi menami zn\u00e1my ako<strong> Ngai alebo Were.<\/strong> Legenda hovor\u00ed, \u017ee mu\u017e menom <strong>Gikuyu<\/strong> vyst\u00fapil na vrchol hory, kde stretol Ngai. Boh ocenil kr\u00e1su krajiny a s\u013e\u00fabil, \u017ee <strong>d\u00e1 mu\u017eovi v\u0161etko \u010do chce, pokia\u013e sa neprestane modli\u0165.<\/strong> Mu\u017e mal dev\u00e4\u0165 dc\u00e9r, no t\u00fa\u017eil po synoch, ktor\u00ed by niesli jeho meno. Boh ho za modlenie odmenil, a tak vznikol n\u00e1rod Gikuyu.<\/p>\n<p>Kme\u0148 <strong>Lugbara<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd s\u00eddli hlavne v\u00a0Ugande a\u00a0Kongu za svojho najvy\u0161\u0161ieho boha pova\u017euje toho, ktor\u00fd vl\u00e1dne oblohe \u2013 <strong>Adroa.<\/strong> Ver\u00ed sa, \u017ee z\u00a0Adroa vznikli dvoj\u010dat\u00e1 a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 <strong>prv\u00fd mu\u017e a\u00a0\u017eena na svete. Gborogboro a\u00a0Meme<\/strong> mali magick\u00e9 schopnosti, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvali pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed sveta. Meme porodila v\u0161etky \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, ako aj \u010fal\u0161ie a \u010fal\u0161ie dvoj\u010dat\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dali \u010dary. Ke\u010f pri\u0161li na svet Jaki a Dribidu, zalo\u017eili kme\u0148 Lugbara, ktor\u00fd ich dodnes pova\u017euje za hrdinov.<\/p>\n Nejak takto pod\u013ea obyvate\u013eov Konga vytvoril Bumba vesm\u00edr. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Kon\u017esk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 republika si ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ei aj boha tvorstva, ktor\u00fd ve\u013emi potreboval spolo\u010dnos\u0165.<strong> Bumba<\/strong> bol osamel\u00fd do momentu, k\u00fdm neza\u010dal d\u00e1vi\u0165 a\u00a0ako z\u00e1zrakom<strong> stvoril vesm\u00edr.<\/strong> Odrazu sa objavilo slnko, mesiac, hviezdy a\u00a0nakoniec \u010fal\u0161ie plan\u00e9ty. Aby tieto plan\u00e9ty boli aj os\u00eddlen\u00e9, \u00a0<strong>na Zemi prist\u00e1lo nieko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed a\u00a0dev\u00e4\u0165 zvierat.<\/strong> Zvierat\u00e1 sa \u010falej rozmno\u017eovali a\u00a0vytvorilo sa ka\u017ed\u00e9 stvorenie, ktor\u00e9 dnes pozn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00e1\u017eenie s\u0155dc a\u00a0kontakt s predkami<\/h3>\n<p>So siln\u00fdmi v\u00e4zbami na stredomorsk\u00fd a arabsk\u00fd svet sa Severoafri\u010dania museli vysporiada\u0165 s vplyvom kres\u0165anstva. <strong>Egyptsk\u00e1 civiliz\u00e1cia<\/strong> v\u0161ak zanechala po sebe znalosti o\u00a0bo\u017estv\u00e1ch, ktor\u00fdm sa stavali chr\u00e1my. Spomedzi najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch bytost\u00ed stoj\u00ed za zmienku <strong>Anubis, str\u00e1\u017eca m\u0155tvych.<\/strong> Je zobrazovan\u00fd hlavne ako postava podobn\u00e1 psovi a vedie m\u0155tvych k <strong>bohyni poriadku a spravodlivosti,\u00a0Ma\u2019at.<\/strong> Pri nej sa v\u00e1\u017eia ich srdcia a rozhoduje sa o osude. <strong>V z\u00e1vislosti od rozhodnutia ich vedie k ve\u010dn\u00e9mu \u017eivotu alebo putuj\u00fa k tvorovi po\u017eieraj\u00facom du\u0161e, Ammitovi.<\/strong> D\u00e9mon bol v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zobrazovan\u00fd s hlavou krokod\u00edla, trupom divej ma\u010dky a zadnou \u010das\u0165ou hrocha.<\/p>\n Napol \u010dlovek, napol \u0161akal &#8211; v takejto podobe sprev\u00e1dzal Anubis m\u0155tvych. zdroj: tumblr.com &#8211; fionahsieh\n<p>Africk\u00e1 mytol\u00f3gia je st\u00e1le pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 aj na <strong>juhu Afriky,<\/strong> napriek tomu, \u017ee je ovplyvnen\u00e1 hlavne kres\u0165anstvom a\u00a0islamom. Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka <strong>rozmanit\u00fdm kult\u00faram a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1m \u00a0sa t\u00e1to \u010das\u0165 naz\u00fdva d\u00fahov\u00fd n\u00e1rod.<\/strong> Napr\u00edklad <strong>Krov\u00e1ci alebo Khoisanovia<\/strong> (tie\u017e San) veria, \u017ee <strong>vesm\u00edr vytvoril boh Kaang.<\/strong> Kme\u0148 je duchovne zalo\u017een\u00fd,\u00a0<strong>vo svojich ritu\u00e1loch vyu\u017e\u00edva tanec a\u00a0skaln\u00e9 umenie.<\/strong> Prostredn\u00edctvom toho sa sna\u017eia prelomi\u0165 bari\u00e9ru medzi fyzick\u00fdm a duchovn\u00fdm svetom.<\/p>\n<p>Etnick\u00e1 skupina<strong> Zulu<\/strong> modlen\u00edm vz\u00fdva svojich <strong>predkov (Amadlozi).<\/strong> Ich presved\u010denia s\u00fa viac ne\u017e mytologick\u00e9. <strong>Veria, \u017ee najbli\u017e\u0161ie spojenie s\u00a0Bohom<\/strong> (uMvelinqangi)<strong> dosiahnu pr\u00e1ve cez spojenie s\u00a0Amadlozi.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.africanexponent.com, www.amplifyafrica.com, www.theculturetrip.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sila duchovna Ako m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e1 krajina svoje legendy a\u00a0b\u00e1jne postavy, africk\u00e1 mytol\u00f3gia takisto tvor\u00ed neoddelite\u013en\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 kult\u00fary. Pr\u00edbehy, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161\u00edrili \u00fastnym podan\u00edm boli pln\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7327"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7327\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}