Na\u0161i predkovia sa len v\u00fdnimo\u010dne do\u017e\u00edvali veku vy\u0161\u0161ieho ako 40 rokov. Dnes sa v spr\u00e1vach objavuj\u00fa report\u00e1\u017ee o storo\u010dn\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa st\u00e1le vit\u00e1lni. Ak sa bude d\u013a\u017eka \u013eudsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota predl\u017eova\u0165, mohli by sme sa jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a sta\u0165 nesmrte\u013en\u00fdmi?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Dodnes je najstar\u0161\u00edm zaznamenan\u00fdm \u010dlovekom Jeanne Calment.<\/strong> Franc\u00fazka sa do\u017eila 122 rokov<\/strong> a\u00a0zomrela v roku 1997. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia uverejnen\u00e1 v\u00a0\u010dasopise Nature Communications<\/strong> uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee \u013eudia sa m\u00f4\u017eu do\u017ei\u0165 veku 120 a\u017e 150 rokov. V tomto veku v\u00fdskumn\u00edci predpokladaj\u00fa nen\u00e1vratn\u00fa stratu schopnosti tela zotavi\u0165 sa z chor\u00f4b alebo zranen\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou teda ost\u00e1va ako zastavi\u0165 starnutie buniek a predch\u00e1dza\u0165 chorob\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Nesmrte\u013en\u00e1 med\u00faza, prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objaven\u00e1 v\u00a0roku 1883, je ofici\u00e1lne zn\u00e1ma ako jedin\u00fd nesmrte\u013en\u00fd organizmus.<\/strong> Vedci ju sk\u00f4r poznaj\u00fa pod menom Turritopsis dohrnii<\/strong> a\u00a0jej \u0161pecifick\u00fa schopnos\u0165 doteraz nezaznamenali u\u00a0in\u00e9ho \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha. Unik\u00e1tny tvor sa dok\u00e1\u017ee biologicky vr\u00e1ti\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 k\u00a0sexu\u00e1lnej nezrelosti aj po dosiahnut\u00ed dospelosti.<\/strong> Ke\u010f\u017ee neexistuje \u017eiadny limit na to, ko\u013ekokr\u00e1t sa vr\u00e1ti sp\u00e4\u0165 do stavu podobn\u00e9mu die\u0165a\u0165u, m\u00f4\u017ee sa tento proces opakova\u0165 nav\u017edy. Zistilo sa, \u017ee ve\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivot nie je \u017eiadnou nadprirodzenou schopnos\u0165ou, ale sp\u00f4sobom ako pre\u017ei\u0165 v\u00a0podmorskom ekosyst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n Pribli\u017ene 90 ch\u00e1padiel a \u017eiariaci tr\u00e1viaci syst\u00e9m – med\u00faza nefascinuje len svojimi schopnos\u0165ami, ale aj vzh\u013eadom. zdroj: pinterest.com\n Pod\u013ea be\u017en\u00e9ho vzoru si med\u00faza prejde piatimi v\u00fdvojov\u00fdmi f\u00e1zami<\/strong>. Oplodnen\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dko sa men\u00ed na mal\u00fa larvu – planulu. Vyzer\u00e1 ako mikroskopick\u00fd \u010derv a m\u00f4\u017ee vo\u013ene pl\u00e1va\u0165. Ke\u010f si n\u00e1jde pevn\u00fd povrch, usad\u00ed sa na \u0148om a\u00a0ako polyp si\u00a0vyvinie tr\u00e1viaci syst\u00e9m. Z\u00a0polypu vznikne ef\u00fdra, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 funguj\u00faci s\u00fabor svalov a\u00a0nervov. Posledn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium znamen\u00e1 plne vyvinut\u00fa med\u00fazu, ktor\u00e1 sa m\u00f4\u017ee rozmno\u017eova\u0165 a\u00a0kr\u00e1tko na to zomrie\u0165.<\/p>\n Dospel\u00fd jedinec Turritopsis dohrnii si to v\u0161ak zariadil trochu prepracovanej\u0161ie. Meria len 4,5 milimetra,<\/strong> \u010do je pribli\u017ene ve\u013ekos\u0165 nechtu v\u00e1\u0161ho mal\u00ed\u010dka, ale v\u010faka presvitaj\u00facemu jasno\u010derven\u00e9mu \u017eal\u00fadku sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko rozpozna\u0165. V momente, ke\u010f m\u00e1 med\u00faza alarmuj\u00faco m\u00e1lo potravy,<\/strong> ocitla sa v pr\u00edli\u0161 studen\u00fdch alebo hor\u00facich vod\u00e1ch, rozhodne sa ujs\u0165 pred istou smr\u0165ou. Postupne klesne na dno oce\u00e1nu, premen\u00ed sa na mal\u00fa kvapku tkaniva<\/strong> (zn\u00e1mu ako cysta) a op\u00e4\u0165 sa stane polypom.<\/strong> Takto m\u00f4\u017ee opakovane dor\u00e1s\u0165 do dospel\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1dia v podstate nekone\u010dne. Reverzn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ale m\u00f4\u017eu naru\u0161i\u0165 pred\u00e1tori<\/strong> (ryby, \u017eraloky, korytna\u010dky, in\u00e9 med\u00fazy), preto je nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by tieto drobn\u00e9 tvory zaplavili Zem.<\/p>\n Odborn\u00edci nevedia s presnos\u0165ou ur\u010di\u0165, odkia\u013e nesmrte\u013en\u00e1 med\u00faza poch\u00e1dza. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vyskytuj\u00fa v tropick\u00fdch oblastiach<\/strong> (Japonsko, Taliansko, Panama, Braz\u00edlia…) \u2013 a za to m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia. P\u0155hlivce \u00a0boli rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 po celom svete po zachyten\u00ed balastovej vody<\/strong> (voda, ktor\u00fa niektor\u00e9 lode prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa do stien trupu, aby ust\u00e1lili plavidlo).<\/p>\n Turritopsis dohrnii sa v\u010faka lodiam roz\u0161\u00edrila cez Pacifik a\u017e do Stredozemn\u00e9ho mora. zdroj: pexels.com\n Aj ke\u010f s\u00fa celkom \u013eahk\u00e9 na pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 odchytenie a \u0161t\u00fadium, s\u00fa aj ve\u013emi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Viac ako na presuny v oce\u00e1ne si potrpia na teplotu vody a vhodn\u00fa stravu pozost\u00e1vaj\u00facu z plankt\u00f3nu.<\/strong> Mo\u017eno pr\u00e1ve preto im do vienka bola darovan\u00e1 sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 metamorf\u00f3za, inak by si ve\u013ea \u010dasu vo vode neu\u017eili.<\/p>\n Samotn\u00fd princ\u00edp starnutia a\u00a0to, pre\u010do tvory vr\u00e1tane n\u00e1s, \u013eud\u00ed, menia po\u010das \u017eivota svoju podobu je st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou. Ke\u010f sa pozrieme na prost\u00fa med\u00fazu s ve\u013emi jednoduch\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom, m\u00f4\u017eeme sledova\u0165 jej g\u00e9ny a\u00a0vidie\u0165 ako sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Doktorka Maria Pia Miglietta<\/strong> je docentkou na Texaskej univerzite A&M v\u00a0Galvestone. Okrem toho vedie v\u00fdskumn\u00fd projekt<\/strong> \u201eThe Real Immortal Jellyfish\u201c<\/strong>. Pod\u013ea nej je \u013eudstvo e\u0161te \u201eve\u013emi \u010faleko od akejko\u013evek aplik\u00e1cie v\u00a0re\u00e1lnom svete.\u201c<\/strong> Je to pr\u00e1ve DNA, ktor\u00e1 v cyste programuje bunku a\u00a0svoj\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom zap\u00edna alebo vyp\u00edna ur\u010dit\u00e9 g\u00e9ny. Vedci sa sna\u017eia zisti\u0165 viac o\u00a0vybran\u00fdch g\u00e9noch a pr\u00eds\u0165 na to, odkia\u013e naberaj\u00fa svoje regenera\u010dn\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n Vedci do svojich v\u00fdskumov zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa nov\u00e9 poznatky. V tomto pr\u00edpade je to \u0161t\u00fadium nesmrte\u013enej med\u00fazy, ktorej poznanie by mohlo zachra\u0148ova\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 \u017eivoty. zdroj: pexels.com\n Nesmrte\u013en\u00e1 med\u00faza je v\u0161ak in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou aj pre in\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 odvetvie, konkr\u00e9tne v\u00fdskum kme\u0148ov\u00fdch buniek. Transdiferenci\u00e1cia<\/strong> je pre odborn\u00edkov obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fdm pr\u00ednosom. Po\u010das tohto procesu nie je potrebn\u00e1 kme\u0148ov\u00e1 bunka na vytvorenie novej \u0161trukt\u00fary<\/strong>. Ke\u010f\u017ee nekme\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v ka\u017edej med\u00faze sa t\u00fdmto procesom m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 prakticky ak\u00fdmko\u013evek in\u00fdm typom bunky, vedci a v\u00fdskumn\u00edci h\u013eadaj\u00fa v tomto biologickom z\u00e1zraku rie\u0161enie. To spo\u010d\u00edva v mo\u017enosti regenerova\u0165 po\u0161koden\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 tkanivo a lie\u010di\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu zdravotn\u00fdch \u0165a\u017ekost\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroje: www.allthatsinteresting.com, www.immortal-jellyfish.com, www.livescience.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Starneme pomal\u0161ie, ale nedok\u00e1\u017eeme to zastavi\u0165 Na\u0161i predkovia sa len v\u00fdnimo\u010dne do\u017e\u00edvali veku vy\u0161\u0161ieho ako 40 rokov. Dnes sa v spr\u00e1vach objavuj\u00fa report\u00e1\u017ee o storo\u010dn\u00fdch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7332"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7332\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Med\u00faza, ktor\u00e1 oklame smr\u0165<\/h3>\n
Kde n\u00e1jdeme nesmrte\u013en\u00e9 med\u00fazy?<\/h3>\n
M\u00f4\u017eu n\u00e1m nov\u00e9 zistenia pred\u013a\u017ei\u0165 \u017eivot?<\/h3>\n