{"id":7344,"date":"2021-11-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/5-najcastejsich-poruch-dusevneho-zdravia-a-priznaky\/"},"modified":"2021-11-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T23:00:00","slug":"5-najcastejsich-poruch-dusevneho-zdravia-a-priznaky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/5-najcastejsich-poruch-dusevneho-zdravia-a-priznaky\/","title":{"rendered":"5 naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch por\u00fach du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia a pr\u00edznaky"},"content":{"rendered":"

Poruchy du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, niekedy ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako choroby, ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa my\u0161lienky, n\u00e1lady a spr\u00e1vanie postihnut\u00fdch jednotlivcov<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017eu postihn\u00fa\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pohlavia, veku, etnickej pr\u00edslu\u0161nosti alebo socioekonomickej skupiny. Poruchy sa m\u00f4\u017eu pohybova\u0165 od miernych a\u017e po \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 a ako ka\u017ed\u00fd zdravotn\u00fd stav m\u00f4\u017ee ochorenie spusti\u0165 ve\u013ea faktorov.<\/p>\n

Hoci neexistuje jasn\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi genetikou a pravdepodobnos\u0165ou poruchy du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, faktory \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu, ako je strava a aktivita jednotlivca, m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 n\u00e1stup depresie, \u00fazkosti a in\u00fdch stavov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Poruchy du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9 alebo chronick\u00e9<\/strong>. Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 jedinca komunikova\u0165 s ostatn\u00fdmi a fungova\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148. Hoci existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 kroky na zlep\u0161enie celkov\u00e9ho du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, niektor\u00e9 poruchy s\u00fa z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ie a m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 odborn\u00fd z\u00e1sah<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (\u017eena s poruchou n\u00e1lady)\n

Pribl\u00ed\u017eime si 5 naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch por\u00fach du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia a ich s\u00favisiace sympt\u00f3my<\/strong>. V \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dastiach si jednotliv\u00e9 skupiny rozoberieme bli\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Poruchy \u00fazkosti<\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Poruchy n\u00e1lady<\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Psychotick\u00e9 poruchy<\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. Demencia<\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. Poruchy pr\u00edjmu potravy<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    1, Poruchy \u00fazkosti<\/h3>\n

    Najbe\u017enej\u0161ia kateg\u00f3ria por\u00fach du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia. \u00dazkostn\u00e9 poruchy sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee \u013eudia za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u00fazkostn\u00fd a \u010dast\u00fd strach a obavy<\/strong>. Zatia\u013e \u010do mnoh\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu za\u017ei\u0165 tieto pocity, povedzme, po\u010das pracovn\u00e9ho pohovoru alebo verejn\u00e9ho vyst\u00fapenia (ke\u010f\u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 norm\u00e1lna reakcia na stres), \u013eudia s \u00fazkostn\u00fdmi poruchami ich poci\u0165uj\u00fa be\u017ene a pri typicky nestresuj\u00facich udalostiach<\/strong>. Z\u00e1chvaty \u00fazkosti m\u00f4\u017eu naraz trva\u0165 a\u017e \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov alebo viac.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u201e\u00dazkos\u0165\u201c je v skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161eobecn\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a mno\u017estvo \u0161pecifick\u00fdch por\u00fach vr\u00e1tane:<\/em><\/p>\n

    A, Generalizovan\u00e1 \u00fazkostn\u00e1 porucha<\/strong>
    \nB, Obsedantno-kompulz\u00edvna porucha<\/strong>
    \nC, Panick\u00e1 porucha<\/strong>
    \nD, Posttraumatick\u00e1 stresov\u00e1 porucha<\/strong>
    \nE, Soci\u00e1lna \u00fazkostn\u00e1 porucha<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (\u017eena trpiaca depresiou)\n

    2, Poruchy n\u00e1lady<\/h3>\n

    Odhaduje sa, \u017ee 1 z 10 dospel\u00fdch trp\u00ed nejak\u00fdm typom poruchy n\u00e1lady<\/strong>. Aj ke\u010f je norm\u00e1lne ob\u010das za\u017ei\u0165 zmeny n\u00e1lady, \u013eudia s poruchami n\u00e1lady \u017eij\u00fa s trvalej\u0161\u00edmi a z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edznakmi, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu naru\u0161i\u0165 ich ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot. V z\u00e1vislosti od konkr\u00e9tnej poruchy m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eudia poci\u0165ova\u0165 pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facu smutn\u00fa, \u00fazkostn\u00fa alebo \u201epr\u00e1zdnu\u201c n\u00e1ladu, a medzi \u010fal\u0161ie pocity patria pocity bezn\u00e1deje, n\u00edzke sebavedomie, nadmern\u00e1 vina, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 energia<\/strong> a \u010fal\u0161ie. Terapia, antidepres\u00edva a starostlivos\u0165 o seba m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri lie\u010dbe por\u00fach n\u00e1lady.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Najbe\u017enej\u0161ie poruchy n\u00e1lady s\u00fa:<\/em><\/p>\n

    A, Ve\u013ek\u00e1 depresia<\/strong>
    \nB, Dyst\u00fdmia<\/strong>
    \nC, Bipol\u00e1rna porucha<\/strong>
    \nD, Porucha n\u00e1lady vyvolan\u00e1 l\u00e1tkou<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Ve\u013ek\u00e1 depresia<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ve\u013ek\u00e1 depresia je oslabuj\u00faca choroba, ktor\u00e1 sa zvy\u010dajne opakuje po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota \u010dloveka. Sympt\u00f3my zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa \u00fanavu, nes\u00fastredenos\u0165, zmeny chuti do jedla a my\u0161lienky na samovra\u017edu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Dyst\u00fdmia<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Prejavuje sa dlhodobou depres\u00edvnou rozladenos\u0165ou a podr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165ou<\/strong>.\u00a0Chronicky sa vyskytuj\u00fa aj poruchy sp\u00e1nku, ako s\u00fa nespavos\u0165 alebo aj zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spavos\u0165. Na rozdiel od depresie m\u00e1 menej v\u00fdrazn\u00fa h\u013abku, na druhej strane m\u00e1 tendenciu k dlhodob\u00e9mu chronick\u00e9mu priebehu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Bipol\u00e1rna porucha<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bipol\u00e1rna porucha je jednou z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch por\u00fach n\u00e1lady, pri ktor\u00fdch sa em\u00f3cie u \u013eud\u00ed menia od manick\u00fdch a\u017e po nebezpe\u010dne n\u00edzke (depres\u00edvne)<\/strong>. Extr\u00e9my s\u00fa tak\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu po\u0161kodi\u0165 vz\u0165ahy, vies\u0165 k zl\u00fdm akademick\u00fdm alebo pracovn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom a pr\u00edpadne vies\u0165 k samovra\u017ede. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed s bipol\u00e1rnou poruchou je diagnostikovan\u00e1 vo veku okolo 25 rokov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Porucha n\u00e1lady vyvolan\u00e1 l\u00e1tkou<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Poruchy du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia a poruchy s\u00favisiace s u\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm l\u00e1tok sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytova\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne, tak\u017ee lie\u010dba oboch por\u00fach je nevyhnutn\u00e1. Viac ako jeden zo \u0161tyroch dospel\u00fdch s v\u00e1\u017enymi probl\u00e9mami du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, ako je \u00fazkos\u0165, depresia, schizofr\u00e9nia a poruchy osobnosti, m\u00e1 tie\u017e poruchu u\u017e\u00edvania n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tok<\/strong>. Jedinci s du\u00e1lnou diagn\u00f3zou musia dosta\u0165 lie\u010dbu oboch probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (schizofr\u00e9nia)\n

    3, Psychotick\u00e9 poruchy<\/h3>\n

    T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed trpia psychotick\u00fdmi poruchami, nemusia vedie\u0165, \u010do je skuto\u010dn\u00e9 a \u010do nie. T\u00e1to skupina du\u0161evn\u00fdch por\u00fach men\u00ed individu\u00e1lny zmysel pre realitu<\/strong>. Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, probl\u00e9my s fungovan\u00edm \u0161pecifick\u00fdch mozgov\u00fdch okruhov, extr\u00e9mny stres alebo trauma a niektor\u00e9 formy zneu\u017e\u00edvania drog m\u00f4\u017eu hra\u0165 \u00falohu pri rozvoji psychotick\u00fdch por\u00fach.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie psychotick\u00e9 poruchy patria:<\/em><\/p>\n

    A, Schizofr\u00e9nia<\/strong>
    \nB, Schizoafekt\u00edvna porucha<\/strong>
    \nC, Kr\u00e1tka psychotick\u00e1 porucha<\/strong>
    \nD, Porucha s bludmi<\/strong>
    \nE, Psychotick\u00e1 porucha vyvolan\u00e1 l\u00e1tkou<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (demencia). Zdroj: nytimes.com\n

    4, Demencia<\/h3>\n

    Aj ke\u010f sa mylne pova\u017euje za jedin\u00fa poruchu svojho druhu, demencia je pojem, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu \u0161pecifick\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00fdch stavov. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed trpia poruchami s\u00favisiacimi s demenciou, m\u00f4\u017eu zaznamena\u0165 pokles ich kognit\u00edvnych schopnost\u00ed \u2013 \u010dasto nato\u013eko z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd, \u017ee naru\u0161\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot a nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 fungovanie<\/strong>. Zatia\u013e \u010do t\u00e1to kateg\u00f3ria zah\u0155\u0148a mno\u017estvo stavov, Alzheimerova choroba predstavuje 60 a\u017e 80 % pr\u00edpadov demencie<\/strong>. Pomaly ni\u010d\u00ed pam\u00e4\u0165 a myslenie a nakoniec \u010dloveka zbavuje schopnosti vykon\u00e1va\u0165 tie najjednoduch\u0161ie \u00falohy.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    In\u00e9 formy demencie:<\/em><\/p>\n

    A, Parkinsonova choroba<\/strong>
    \nB, Frontotempor\u00e1lna demencia<\/strong>
    \nC, Huntingtonova choroba<\/strong>
    \nD, Wernicke-Korsakoffov syndr\u00f3m<\/strong><\/p>\n \u017dena trpiaca anorexiou. Zdroj: edition.cnn.com\n

    5, Poruchy pr\u00edjmu potravy<\/h3>\n

    Poruchy pr\u00edjmu potravy s\u00fa viac ne\u017e len vz\u0165ah jednotlivca k jedlu. S\u00fa to zlo\u017eit\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00e9 poruchy, ktor\u00e9 si \u010dasto vy\u017eaduj\u00fa z\u00e1sah lek\u00e1rskych a psychologick\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov. Tieto stavy sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa rozvoj nezdrav\u00fdch stravovac\u00edch n\u00e1vykov, ako je posadnutos\u0165 jedlom, telesn\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 alebo tvar tela<\/strong>. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 poruchy pr\u00edjmu potravy v\u00e1\u017ene zdravotn\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky a ak sa nelie\u010dia, m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 dokonca aj k smrti. Be\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017ene obmedzovanie jedla, prejedanie sa alebo branie preh\u00e1\u0148adiel, vracanie alebo nadmern\u00e9 cvi\u010denie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

    Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie typy por\u00fach pr\u00edjmu potravy patria:<\/em><\/p>\n

    A, Ment\u00e1lna anorexia<\/strong>
    \nB, Ment\u00e1lna bul\u00edmia<\/strong>
    \nC, Poruchy prejedania sa<\/strong>
    \nD, Porucha rumin\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Poruchy du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia, niekedy ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako choroby, ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa my\u0161lienky, n\u00e1lady a spr\u00e1vanie postihnut\u00fdch jednotlivcov. M\u00f4\u017eu postihn\u00fa\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pohlavia, veku, etnickej pr\u00edslu\u0161nosti alebo socioekonomickej skupiny.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7344","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7344"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7344\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7344"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7344"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7344"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}