{"id":7351,"date":"2021-11-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/nasa-sondou-zamerne-narazi-do-asteroidu-v-ramci-misie-dart\/"},"modified":"2021-11-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T23:00:00","slug":"nasa-sondou-zamerne-narazi-do-asteroidu-v-ramci-misie-dart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/nasa-sondou-zamerne-narazi-do-asteroidu-v-ramci-misie-dart\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA sondou z\u00e1merne naraz\u00ed do asteroidu v r\u00e1mci misie DART"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>NASA spustila svoju prv\u00fa obrann\u00fa misiu DART<\/strong> za \u00fa\u010delom cvi\u010denia ochrany Zeme od ohrozenia asteroidom alebo kom\u00e9tou. Americk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna agent\u00fara \u0148ou chce otestova\u0165 mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 by mohla podnikn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00a0pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by <strong>Zemi hrozilo nebezpe\u010denstvo zr\u00e1\u017eky s\u00a0vesm\u00edrnym telesom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Sonda v\u00a0r\u00e1mci misie s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom <strong>Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART)<\/strong> od\u0161tartovala v stredu 24. novembra o\u00a07:20 n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu z\u00a0pobre\u017eia Kalifornie. Do vesm\u00edru ju vyniesla <strong>raketa Falcon 9 spolo\u010dnosti SpaceX<\/strong>. Misia DART st\u00e1la <strong>324 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov<\/strong> a ak bude \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e1, mohla by prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t demon\u0161trova\u0165 schopnos\u0165 \u013eudstva odkloni\u0165 trajekt\u00f3riu potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho asteroidu pre\u010d od Zeme.<\/p>\n Raketa Falcon 9 spolo\u010dnosti SpaceX, ktor\u00e1 do vesm\u00edru nesie sondu misie DART [NASA]\n<p>Dev\u00e4\u0165 min\u00fat po \u0161tarte sa booster Falcon 9 vr\u00e1til na Zem a\u00a0prist\u00e1l na lodi \u201eOf Course I\u00a0Still Love You\u201c ktor\u00e1 sa v\u00a0tom \u010dase nach\u00e1dzala v\u00a0Tichom oce\u00e1ne. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 SpaceX tak oslavuje u\u017e 95 \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 vertik\u00e1lne prist\u00e1tie svojej rakety. Po tom \u010do sa sonda oddelila od druh\u00e9ho stup\u0148a rakety, odoslala na Zem prv\u00e9 telemetrick\u00e9 \u00fadaje a\u00a0za\u010dala proces orient\u00e1cie do polohy, v\u00a0ktorej mohla bezpe\u010dne <strong>rozvin\u00fa\u0165 svoje sol\u00e1rne panely<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ve tie bud\u00fa poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 okrem ostatn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed aj jej <strong>i\u00f3nov\u00fd motor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Cie\u013e misie DART<\/h3>\n<p>Ako sme u\u017e spomenuli, misia m\u00e1 za \u00falohu zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 by bolo zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 stretu asteroidu so Zemou. Sonda misie DART sa pok\u00fasi o zmenu trajekt\u00f3rie asteroidu pomocou <strong>\u201etechniky kinetick\u00e9ho dopadu\u201c<\/strong>. Pl\u00e1nom misie je teda nasmerova\u0165 sondu tak, aby narazila do vesm\u00edrneho telesa, <strong>a\u00a0t\u00fdm zmenila jeho dr\u00e1hu<\/strong>. Na tla\u010dovej konferencii v pondelok NASA uviedla, \u017ee po\u010das misie d\u00f4jde k \u00famyseln\u00e9mu n\u00e1razu sondy do vesm\u00edrneho telesa. Agent\u00fara sa t\u00fdm sna\u017e\u00ed zisti\u0165 ako postupova\u0165 pri odvr\u00e1ten\u00ed takejto hrozby v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Cie\u013eom sondy je <strong>bin\u00e1rna plan\u00e9tka Didymos<\/strong>, ku ktorej by mala dorazi\u0165 <strong>okolo 26. septembra a\u017e 1. okt\u00f3bra bud\u00faceho roka<\/strong>. Sonda sa dok\u00e1\u017ee auton\u00f3mne navigova\u0165 a\u017e k\u00a0cie\u013eov\u00e9mu asteroidu. Konkr\u00e9tne sonda <strong>zasiahne mal\u00fd mesiac naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Dimorphos<\/strong> s\u00a0priemerom <strong>160 metrov<\/strong>. Ten obieha okolo plan\u00e9tky Didymos s priemerom pribli\u017ene 780 metrov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>540 kilogramov\u00e1 sonda ve\u013ekosti chladni\u010dky<\/strong> by mala narazi\u0165 do vesm\u00edrneho telesa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou okolo <strong>6,6 kilometra za sekundu<\/strong>. NASA bude n\u00e1sledne sk\u00fama\u0165, ako ve\u013emi sa po n\u00e1raze zmenila r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a dr\u00e1ha mal\u00e9ho mesiaca a za pomoci mal\u00e9ho satelitu z\u00edska fotografie dopadu, trosiek a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1tera. Vedci predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee dopad sondy skr\u00e1ti obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu Dimorphosu. T\u00fato zmenu bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 presne pozorova\u0165 aj pomocou \u010falekoh\u013eadov na Zemi.<\/p>\n Kontrola sondy a jej sol\u00e1rnych panelov [NASA]\n<h3>Dvojplan\u00e9tka Didymos<\/h3>\n<p>Dvojplan\u00e9tka Didymos bola <strong>objaven\u00e1 v roku 1996<\/strong> v r\u00e1mci projektu zameran\u00e9ho na h\u013eadanie plan\u00e9tok a kom\u00e9t \u201eSpacewatch\u201c. Okolo Slnka obieha ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky po dr\u00e1he tvaru vajca. Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov <strong>nateraz asteroid ani jeho mesiac nepredstavuj\u00fa pre Zem \u017eiadne nebezpe\u010denstvo<\/strong>\u00a0a do bud\u00facnosti by i\u0161lo o ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00fd scen\u00e1r. Ohrozi\u0165 Zem by nemali ani v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by test neprebehol presne pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu. Vedci si v\u0161ak nie s\u00fa \u00faplne ist\u00ed, ako bude Dimorphos reagova\u0165 na n\u00e1raz, hlavne kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee e\u0161te nie je zn\u00e1ma jeho vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara.<\/p>\n<h3>Ohrozenie Zeme je zatia\u013e nepravdepodobn\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee ohrozenie Zeme asteroidom zatia\u013e vedci pova\u017euj\u00fa za nepravdepodobn\u00e9, <strong>je tu mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee by sa v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti mohol objavi\u0165 asteroid<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd bude predstavova\u0165 <strong>nebezpe\u010denstvo pre Zem<\/strong> a jej obyvate\u013eov. Na z\u00e1klade \u00faspe\u0161nosti tejto misie a jej v\u00fdsledkov by NASA teoreticky mohla vysla\u0165 podobn\u00fa sondu a n\u00e1razom odkloni\u0165 dr\u00e1hu asteroidu.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f vedci vynakladaj\u00fa <strong>ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u00fasilie na identifik\u00e1ciu potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch vesm\u00edrnych objektov<\/strong>, zatia\u013e sa n\u00e1m nepodarilo v\u0161etky tak\u00e9to hrozby odhali\u0165. Asteroidy s priemerom 300 metrov by mohli teoreticky sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 zni\u010denie cel\u00e9ho kontinentu. Teles\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako 1 kilometer by pravdepodobne sp\u00f4sobili celosvetov\u00fa katastrofu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999\">Zdroje: NASA, BBC, Space.com, The New York Times<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NASA spustila svoju prv\u00fa obrann\u00fa misiu DART za \u00fa\u010delom cvi\u010denia ochrany Zeme od ohrozenia asteroidom alebo kom\u00e9tou. Americk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna agent\u00fara \u0148ou chce otestova\u0165 mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7351\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}