{"id":7356,"date":"2021-11-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-28T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/sympaticky-zaporak-sympathetic-villain\/"},"modified":"2021-11-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T23:00:00","slug":"sympaticky-zaporak-sympathetic-villain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/sympaticky-zaporak-sympathetic-villain\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do je \u010doraz viac ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd \u201esympatick\u00fd z\u00e1por\u00e1k\u201c?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Antihrdina vs. Sympatick\u00fd z\u00e1por\u00e1k<\/h3>\n<p>Telev\u00edzia a film sa u\u017e roky pohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa s mor\u00e1lnym kompasom svojich div\u00e1kov. \u010coraz viac sa <strong>popul\u00e1rnymi st\u00e1vaj\u00fa postavy,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 <strong>nie s\u00fa stelesnen\u00edm dobra, ale s\u00fa na strane zla.<\/strong> Nebolo to tak v\u017edy, takzvan\u00fd <strong>Produk\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3dex ( The Hays code)<\/strong> zaviedol<strong> pr\u00edsnu tematick\u00fa cenz\u00faru od 30. do 60. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia.<\/strong> Podl\u00e9 a\u00a0z\u00e1kern\u00e9 \u010diny v\u00a0sprievode alkoholu a\u00a0drog sa nesmeli prezentova\u0165 v\u00a0dobrom svetle. Nahota alebo <strong>erotick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny boli takisto tabu<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9to oklie\u0161tenie kreativity viedlo tvorcov k\u00a0vytv\u00e1raniu inotajov, ktor\u00e9 a\u017e postupom rokov filmov\u00ed kritici l\u00fa\u0161tili a\u00a0dok\u00e1zali pochopi\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00e9 mot\u00edvy post\u00e1v.<\/p>\n Disney v posledn\u00fdch rokoch priniesol filmy o postav\u00e1ch so zlou reput\u00e1ciou &#8211; Cruella De Vil a Maleficient (obr\u00e1zok ni\u017e\u0161ie). zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom vzniklo mno\u017estvo charakterov\u00fdch typov, ktor\u00fdch \u00famysly nemusia by\u0165 na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead jasn\u00e9. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa s\u00fastred\u00edme na <strong>\u201esympatick\u00e9ho z\u00e1por\u00e1ka\u201c,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9ho si v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eeme pom\u00fdli\u0165 s \u010fal\u0161ou mor\u00e1lne sivou postavou, <strong>antihrdinom.<\/strong> Druh\u00fd spom\u00ednan\u00fd sa definuje ako <strong>osoba, ktorej ch\u00fdba odvaha, sebad\u00f4vera<\/strong> (typick\u00e9 pre hrdinu) a\u00a0jej konanie je nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9. Nakoniec predsa <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z\u00edska hrdinsk\u00e9 \u010drty a\u00a0div\u00e1ci mu fandia.<\/strong> Opakom hrdinu je jeho <strong>protivn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd sa sna\u017e\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd jeho pokus o\u00a0v\u00ed\u0165azstvo sabotova\u0165.<\/strong> Aby dareb\u00e1k nebol len n\u00e1strojom na dokon\u010denie rovnice \u201edobro v\u00ed\u0165az\u00ed nad zlom\u201c, je <strong>d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 uvies\u0165 pozadie jeho konania.<\/strong> Vznik\u00e1 tak zloduch, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eeme sympatizova\u0165 a\u00a0keby jeho \u010diny neboli tak\u00e9 z\u00e1kern\u00e9, bolo by mu v\u0161etko odpusten\u00e9.<\/p>\n Vl\u00e1dky\u0148a zla. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Poznate\u013en\u00fd rozdiel medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma typmi m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165, ke\u010f si polo\u017e\u00edme ot\u00e1zku:<strong> Ako by vyzeral svet keby vyhral antihrdina a keby zloduch?<\/strong> Aj ke\u010f n\u00e1s mot\u00edv z\u00e1por\u00e1ka dok\u00e1\u017ee do istej miery obm\u00e4k\u010di\u0165, jeho verzia v\u00ed\u0165azstva by nezabezpe\u010dila rovnov\u00e1hu, ke\u010f\u017ee z\u00a0ve\u013ekej \u010dasti rob\u00ed rozhodnutia kv\u00f4li osobn\u00fdm potreb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<h3>Poh\u013ead z\u00a0psychologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska<\/h3>\n<p>Vystavanie pr\u00edbehu o sympatickom zloduchovi sa pohybuje na tenkom \u013eade. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 <strong>zachova\u0165 jeho akt\u00edvne vykon\u00e1vanie zl\u00fdch<\/strong> \u010dinov a nesk\u013aznu\u0165 do \u00farovne dobr\u00e1ka, ktor\u00e1 by zmazala jeho p\u00f4vodn\u00fa motiv\u00e1ciu. Kvalitne nap\u00edsan\u00fd <strong>sympatick\u00fd z\u00e1por\u00e1k je prostriedkom na kritiku spolo\u010dnosti a jej zvykov.<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1s prin\u00fati\u0165 porozumie\u0165 nedokonalostiam \u2013 a pozorova\u0165 ich na sebe.<\/p>\n Joker je od za\u010diatku kontroverznou postavou v DC komiksoch. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Psychiater <strong>Carl Jung<\/strong> veril, \u017ee ak sa chceme duchovne rozv\u00edja\u0165, mus\u00edme pochopi\u0165 na\u0161u skryt\u00fa povahu. Zdrav\u00e1 <strong>konfront\u00e1cia s \u201etie\u0148ov\u00fdm ja\u201c<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017ee odhali\u0165 <strong>nov\u00e9 siln\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/strong> (napr. Bruce Wayne vytv\u00e1ra svoju osobnos\u0165 Temn\u00e9ho rytiera na boj so zlo\u010dinom), zatia\u013e \u010do nezdrav\u00e9 pokusy o konfront\u00e1ciu m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 <strong>uvo\u013enenie najhor\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed<\/strong> (Joker sa sna\u017e\u00ed dosta\u0165 Batmana a Harveyho Denta vo filme Temn\u00fd rytier).<\/p>\n<p>Humanistick\u00fd psychol\u00f3g<strong> Abraham Maslow<\/strong> zast\u00e1val n\u00e1zor, \u017ee<strong> \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed nenaplnili svoje z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 potreby, bud\u00fa ma\u0165 probl\u00e9m dozrie\u0165.<\/strong> Ak si odopierate jedlo, je nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee sa budete c\u00edti\u0165 pln\u00ed. Ak hladujete po l\u00e1ske a spolo\u010dnosti, budete ma\u0165 probl\u00e9m s budovan\u00edm seba\u00facty. \u013dudia, ktor\u00ed sa zaoberaj\u00fa svojimi deficitmi, m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00e1vidie\u0165 t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa viac. <strong>Ivan Pavlov<\/strong> by povedal, \u017ee <strong>dok\u00e1\u017eeme sp\u00e1ja\u0165 zloduchov s\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00edmi pocitmi, ktor\u00e9 si cen\u00edme \u2013 ako je z\u00e1bava, sila alebo sloboda.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Narastaj\u00faci fenom\u00e9n<\/h3>\n<p>Sympatick\u00fd zloduch by pre n\u00e1s v\u00a0skuto\u010dnom \u017eivote v\u00f4bec nemusel by\u0165 p\u00fatav\u00fd. St\u00e1le by sme jeho \u010diny odsudzovali, no <strong>na pl\u00e1tne m\u00e1me mo\u017enos\u0165 nazrie\u0165 do jeho my\u0161lienkov\u00fdch pochodov a\u00a0n\u00e1lad.<\/strong> V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa mno\u017estvo filmov s\u00fastredilo na vysvetlenie zrodu z\u00e1pornej postavy. Naskytol sa im priestor <strong>rozpoveda\u0165 pr\u00edbeh zo svojho poh\u013eadu.<\/strong> Patria tu aj niektor\u00e9 z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch div\u00e1ckych hitov posledn\u00e9ho desa\u0165ro\u010dia &#8211; <strong>House of Cards<\/strong> (Dom z\u00a0kariet), <strong>Game of Thrones<\/strong> (Hra o\u00a0tr\u00f3ny) a\u00a0<strong>Succession<\/strong> (Boj o moc) \u2013 v\u0161etky up\u00fatali div\u00e1kov aj v\u010faka dareb\u00e1kom, ktor\u00ed sa na ni\u010d in\u00e9 nehrali.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0160t\u00fadio Marvel<\/strong> takisto stavilo na <strong>rast\u00facu ob\u013e\u00fabenos\u0165 zloduchov s\u00a0tragickou minulos\u0165ou,<\/strong> a\u00a0to aj vo vlastn\u00fdch radoch. <strong>Tom Hiddleston<\/strong> sa presl\u00e1vil postavou seversk\u00e9ho boha<strong> Lokiho,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9ho status opustenej siroty a menej ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9ho syna n\u00fati obr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa na temn\u00fa stranu. Fan\u00fa\u0161ikovia si zamilovali jeho humor a inteligenciu. \u013dudskej\u0161\u00edm sa stal aj preto, lebo <strong>napriek snah\u00e1m sa mu nepodarilo by\u0165 hrdinom,<\/strong> za ak\u00e9ho ho Odin chcel ma\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno sa Lokiho priaznivci do\u010dkali seri\u00e1lov\u00e9ho spracovania jeho pr\u00edbehu na Disney+.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Marvel Studios&#039; Loki | Official Trailer | Disney+\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nW948Va-l10?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stv\u00e1rnenie antihrdinov sa zaklad\u00e1 na t\u00fa\u017ebe pochopi\u0165, \u010do vytv\u00e1ra tak\u00fdchto \u013eud\u00ed. <strong>Sympatick\u00fd z\u00e1por\u00e1k<\/strong> v\u0161ak kladie d\u00f4raz na prostredie, v\u00a0ktorom \u017eije a\u00a0ktor\u00e9 mu dovo\u013euje obh\u00e1ji\u0165 si d\u00f4sledky svojho konania. Ukazuje to, \u017ee sme ochotn\u00ed \u00faprimne sledova\u0165 \u00a0dareb\u00e1kov na obrazovke a\u00a0bez \u010fal\u0161ieho rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eania <strong>ch\u00e1pa\u0165 pre\u010do robia to, \u010do robia \u2013 \u00a0aj ke\u010f to nie je spr\u00e1vne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.crimereads.com, www.the-take.com, www.wired.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Antihrdina vs. Sympatick\u00fd z\u00e1por\u00e1k Telev\u00edzia a film sa u\u017e roky pohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa s mor\u00e1lnym kompasom svojich div\u00e1kov. \u010coraz viac sa popul\u00e1rnymi st\u00e1vaj\u00fa postavy, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7356","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7356"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7356\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7356"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7356"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}