{"id":7371,"date":"2021-12-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/paradox-volby-mozem-vsetko-tak-nerobim-nic\/"},"modified":"2021-12-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-01T23:00:00","slug":"paradox-volby-mozem-vsetko-tak-nerobim-nic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/paradox-volby-mozem-vsetko-tak-nerobim-nic\/","title":{"rendered":"Paradox vo\u013eby: m\u00f4\u017eem v\u0161etko, tak nerob\u00edm ni\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n Paradox vo\u013eby: asi sa to stalo u\u017e aj v\u00e1m, \u017ee z to\u013ek\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed sa v\u00e1m zato\u010dila hlava a nakoniec ste sa nerozhodli pre \u017eiadnu. (Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto:Alexander Shimmeck)\n

Psychol\u00f3g Barry Schwartz<\/strong> vo svojom zn\u00e1mom diele naz\u00fdva tento stav paradox vo\u013eby<\/strong> or paral\u00fdza z vo\u013eby<\/strong>. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee viac mo\u017enost\u00ed prin\u00e1\u0161a men\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee budeme kona\u0165<\/strong> a budeme menej spokojn\u00ed s na\u0161\u00edm kone\u010dn\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm. S to\u013ek\u00fdmi skvel\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami vin\u00edme sami seba a \u010dasto \u013eutujeme cesty, ktor\u00e9 sme nevybrali.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV\u0161etky mo\u017enosti sa zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 skvel\u00fdm n\u00e1padom, a\u017e k\u00fdm si v skuto\u010dnosti nebudete musie\u0165 vybra\u0165. \u201c<\/em> Dr. Mark Seery
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

T\u00fdka sa to cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu
\n<\/span><\/h3>\n

Aj ke\u010f otvoren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pova\u017eujeme za dobr\u00e9 znamenie, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci tvrdia, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 negat\u00edvny vplyv na na\u0161e du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie<\/strong>. S pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fdm mno\u017estvom volieb doch\u00e1dza k pre\u0165a\u017eeniu n\u00e1\u0161ho kognit\u00edvneho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>. Toto pre\u0165a\u017eenie sa nane\u0161tastie net\u00fdka len konzumn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, ale zasahuje aj do k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok n\u00e1\u0161ho bytia. Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9 rozhodnutia, ako napr\u00edklad v\u00fdber kari\u00e9ry a v\u00fdber romantick\u00e9ho partnera, tie\u017e podliehaj\u00fa t\u00fdmto \u00fa\u010dinkom. S takmer nekone\u010dn\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami takmer vo v\u0161etkom sa mnoh\u00ed z n\u00e1s c\u00edtia neust\u00e1le zamestnan\u00ed rozhodovan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edme urobi\u0165, alebo prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00edm nad rozhodnutiami, ktor\u00e9 \u013eutujeme.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa to deje?<\/h3>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdber je jednou z najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 odli\u0161uj\u00fa na\u0161u modern\u00fa existenciu od \u017eivota na\u0161ich predkov<\/strong>. A\u017e doned\u00e1vna boli \u017eivotn\u00e9 cesty v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed viac-menej predur\u010den\u00e9. M\u00e1lokto mal mo\u017enos\u0165 rozhodova\u0165 o tom, ak\u00e9 zamestnanie bude ma\u0165 v dospelosti, \u010di sa o\u017een\u00ed, alebo nie, alebo \u010di bude ma\u0165 deti. V drsnom a ne\u013e\u00fatostnom prostred\u00ed by pr\u00edli\u0161 dlh\u00fd v\u00fdber potravy alebo sp\u00f4sobu obliekania mohol vies\u0165 k smrti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u017divot v modernom svete je \u00faplne in\u00fd. Ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo sa zmenilo pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea vec\u00ed. Priemyseln\u00fd a technologick\u00fd pokrok umo\u017enil vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 \u010doraz viac v\u00fdrobkov a dov\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 ich do regi\u00f3nov, kam by sa predt\u00fdm nikdy nedostali. Takisto si cen\u00edme individu\u00e1lnu slobodu a nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 takmer nad v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1me obmedzen\u00fa kapacitu a mus\u00edme si to prizna\u0165<\/h3>\n

Pre\u0165a\u017eenie v\u00fdberom dostalo svoj n\u00e1zov pod\u013ea paralyzuj\u00faceho \u00fa\u010dinku, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na na\u0161e rozhodovacie procesy. Nielen\u017ee n\u00e1s to vy\u010derp\u00e1va, ale je aj pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee sa nerozhodneme v\u00f4bec.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci jednej \u0161t\u00fadie o vplyve\u00a0 ve\u013ekosti v\u00fdberu na motiv\u00e1ciu<\/strong> v\u00fdskumn\u00edci zriadili v luxusnom obchode s potravinami st\u00e1nok na ochutn\u00e1vanie d\u017eemov. V niektor\u00e9 dni vystavili obmedzen\u00fd v\u00fdber 6 pr\u00edchut\u00ed<\/strong>, v in\u00e9 dni vystavili ove\u013ea rozsiahlej\u0161\u00ed sortiment 24 pr\u00edchut\u00ed<\/strong>. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edci mohli ochutna\u0165 to\u013eko d\u017eemov, ko\u013eko chceli. Potom dostali kup\u00f3n platn\u00fd jeden t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148, ktor\u00fd ich opr\u00e1v\u0148oval na mal\u00fa z\u013eavu na d\u017eem.<\/p>\n Paradox vo\u013eby (Foto: Victoriano Izquierdo)\n

30 % z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvili men\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1nok, sa vr\u00e1tilo a k\u00fapilo si d\u017eem, ale iba 3 % z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed mali k dispoz\u00edcii v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1nok sa vr\u00e1tilo druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed by o\u010dak\u00e1vala, \u017ee pri v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej ponuke d\u017eemov, bude v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u0161anca, \u017ee z\u00e1kazn\u00edci n\u00e1jdu mo\u017enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 im bude chuti\u0165, a bud\u00fa sa chcie\u0165 vr\u00e1ti\u0165, aby si nie\u010do k\u00fapili. V skuto\u010dnosti v\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdber znamen\u00e1 len viac rozhodnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mus\u00edme urobi\u0165. Rozhodovanie v\u0161ak spotreb\u00fava du\u0161evn\u00fa energiu, ktorej m\u00e1me len obmedzen\u00e9 mno\u017estvo<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

"<\/em><\/span>Blahoslaven\u00fd je ten, kto ni\u010d neo\u010dak\u00e1va, lebo nikdy nebude sklaman\u00fd."<\/em><\/span> Alexander Pope<\/p>\n

Robia lep\u0161ie rozhodnutia "<\/em><\/span>maximaliz\u00e1tori"<\/em><\/span> or "<\/em><\/span>uspokojovatelia"<\/em><\/span>?<\/h3>\n

Maximaliz\u00e1tori chc\u00fa urobi\u0165 v\u0161etko perfektne<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maximaliz\u00e1tor starostlivo zva\u017euje v\u0161etky mo\u017enosti, aby pos\u00fadil, ktor\u00e1 je t\u00e1 najlep\u0161ia. M\u00e1 to v\u0161ak aj svoje nev\u00fdhody. T\u00edto \u013eudia maj\u00fa \u010dasto probl\u00e9my s rozhodovan\u00edm, preto\u017ee sa sna\u017eia o dokonal\u00fa spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 a v takomto procese str\u00e1caj\u00fa ve\u013ea \u010dasu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uspokojova\u010di sa rozhoduj\u00fa r\u00fdchlo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Namiesto tej najlep\u0161ej vo\u013eby im sta\u010d\u00ed to, \u010do je ako-tak prijate\u013en\u00e9. Tak\u00fdto \u010dlovek si uvedomuje, \u017ee nem\u00f4\u017ee vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v\u0161etko a r\u00fdchlo. Na rozdiel od maximaliz\u00e1torov, uspokojovatelia nepotrebuj\u00fa ve\u013ea mo\u017enost\u00ed alebo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Rozhoduj\u00fa sa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, zva\u017euj\u00fa menej mo\u017enost\u00ed a riadia sa vlastn\u00fdm pocitom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

"<\/span>Maximaliz\u00e1torom sa spravidla dar\u00ed lep\u0161ie, ale c\u00edtia sa hor\u0161ie."<\/span> <\/em>Barry Schwartz, emeritn\u00fd profesor psychol\u00f3gie na Swarthmore College v Pensylv\u00e1nii<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Psychol\u00f3g Barry Schwartz vo svojom zn\u00e1mom diele naz\u00fdva tento stav paradox vo\u013eby alebo paral\u00fdza z vo\u013eby. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee viac mo\u017enost\u00ed prin\u00e1\u0161a men\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee budeme<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7371\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}