{"id":7374,"date":"2021-12-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/placebo-efekt-a-boh-sidlia-v-jednej-oblasti-nasho-mozgu\/"},"modified":"2021-12-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T23:00:00","slug":"placebo-efekt-a-boh-sidlia-v-jednej-oblasti-nasho-mozgu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/placebo-efekt-a-boh-sidlia-v-jednej-oblasti-nasho-mozgu\/","title":{"rendered":"Veriaci alebo ateista? Boh s\u00eddli v jednej oblasti n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu"},"content":{"rendered":"Placebo efekt a viera v nadprirodzeno aktivuje rovnak\u00fa \u010das\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu. (Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok: Nadezhda Moryak)\n

Viac ako 80 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie<\/strong> praktizuje nejak\u00fa formu n\u00e1boz\u017eenstva, pri\u010dom e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie percento <\/strong>popul\u00e1cie je du\u0161evne zalo\u017een\u00e9<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ot\u00e1zky oh\u013eadom spirituality a religiozity<\/strong> zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj na\u010falej nevyrie\u0161en\u00e9, aj ke\u010f sa dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa takmer ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z n\u00e1s. Michael Fergusson <\/strong>sa so svoj\u00edm vedeck\u00fdm t\u00edmom odhodlal na v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd by n\u00e1m mal pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri h\u013eadan\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00edch odpoved\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Periakvadukt\u00e1lna siv\u00e1 oblas\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pocity spirituality alebo religiozity \u010dloveka z\u00e1visia od zv\u00fd\u0161enej aktivity v periakvadukt\u00e1lnej \u0161edej oblasti. T\u00e1to p<\/span>rastar\u00e1 oblas\u0165 mozgov\u00e9ho kme\u0148a n\u00e1m pom\u00e1ha uveri\u0165 neuverite\u013en\u00e9mu a prekon\u00e1va\u0165 boles\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Periakvadukt\u00e1lna siv\u00e1 oblas\u0165 hr\u00e1 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v na\u0161ej reakcii na strach, boles\u0165 a altruistick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong>. Z viacer\u00fdch lek\u00e1rskych z\u00e1znamov, vedeck\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov a pozorovan\u00ed vieme, \u017ee po\u0161kodenie tejto oblasti mozgov\u00e9ho kme\u0148a sp\u00f4sobuje bludn\u00e9 myslenie<\/strong>. Za hlavn\u00fd d\u00f4vod jej v\u00fdvinu sa ud\u00e1va zmiernenie strachu<\/strong> zo \u017eivota v nezn\u00e1mom a nepredv\u00eddate\u013enom prostred\u00ed.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Mozgov\u00fd kme\u0148<\/b> (lat. Truncus cerebri, Caudex cerebri, Truncus encephali) je oblas\u0165 mozgu pod mozo\u010dkom a predn\u00fdm mozgom. T\u00e1to oblas\u0165 sa nenach\u00e1dza v \u010dasti rozdelenej na dve hemisf\u00e9ry. Sklad\u00e1 sa z 3 sekci\u00ed v zostupnom porad\u00ed: stredn\u00fd mozog, Varolov most a pred\u013a\u017een\u00e1 miecha.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Placebo efekt<\/h3>\n

Na\u0161e o\u010dak\u00e1vania<\/strong> ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa vn\u00edmanie bolesti najviac zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkov, \u010do tvor\u00ed podstatu placebo efektu<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Placebo efekt je definovan\u00fd ako jav, pri ktorom niektor\u00ed \u013eudia poci\u0165uj\u00fa benefit po podan\u00ed l\u00e1tky alebo lie\u010dby, ktor\u00e1 nem\u00e1 \u017eiadny zn\u00e1my medic\u00ednsky \u00fa\u010dinok.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdrav\u00ed \u013eudsk\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili \u0161t\u00fadie, kde ich klamlivo presved\u010dili, \u017ee kr\u00e9m ozna\u010den\u00fd ako \u201elidoka\u00edn\u201c zn\u00ed\u017ei boles\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00fa stimulom. Kr\u00e9m v\u0161ak neobsahoval \u017eiaden lidoka\u00edn. Anal\u00fdza magnetickou rezonanciou odhalila syst\u00e9m modul\u00e1cie bolesti, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148al periakvadukt\u00e1lnu siv\u00fa dr\u00e1hu v mozgovom kmeni. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1 sa aktivovala vtedy, ke\u010f subjekty hl\u00e1sili men\u0161iu boles\u0165 po pou\u017eit\u00ed falo\u0161n\u00e9ho kr\u00e9mu na \u00fatlm bolesti
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Magnetik\u00e1 rezonancia sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u010dasto pri v\u00fdskumoch a vy\u0161etreniach n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu (Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: National Cancer Institute)\n

Efekt viery a vn\u00edmanie bolesti<\/h3>\n

\u201eM\u00f4\u017ee poh\u013ead na obraz Panny M\u00e1rie zmierni\u0165 boles\u0165?\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00c1no, ale mus\u00edte by\u0165 oddan\u00fdm praktizuj\u00facim katol\u00edkom, inak to nebude fungova\u0165.\u201c <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V \u0161t\u00fadii publikovanej v \u010dasopise Pain oddan\u00ed katol\u00edci vn\u00edmali nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 impulzy na ruke ako menej bolestiv\u00e9<\/strong>, ke\u010f sa pozerali na zobrazenie Panny M\u00e1rie<\/strong>, ako ke\u010f sa pozerali na obraz D\u00e1ma s hranostajom od Leonarda da Vinciho. <\/span><\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak zaryt\u00ed ateisti a agnostici<\/strong> nepoci\u0165ovali zmiernenie bolesti pri pozorovan\u00ed obrazu Panny M\u00e1rie ani obrazu od da Vinciho. Boles\u0165 c\u00edtili st\u00e1le s rovnakou intenzitou. Vedci skenovali \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov prieskumu magnetickou rezonanciou. <\/strong>T\u00e1 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee \u00fa\u013eava od bolesti u katol\u00edkov sa sp\u00e1jala s v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161enou mozgovou aktivitou<\/strong> v oblastiach mozgu, ktor\u00e9 sa podie\u013eaj\u00fa na kontrole na\u0161ej emocion\u00e1lnej reakcie na boles\u0165.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vlna kritiky<\/h3>\n

Aj ke\u010f vedeck\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie predkladaj\u00fa len \u010diastkov\u00e9 a overen\u00e9 hypot\u00e9zy, z cirkvi sa zdvihla vlna kritiky. David L. Smith, r\u00edmskokatol\u00edcky k\u0148az a klinick\u00fd psychol\u00f3g, spochyb\u0148uje my\u0161lienku, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 viera je zakorenen\u00e1 v nejakej konkr\u00e9tnej \u0161trukt\u00fare alebo funkcii mozgu.<\/p>\n

"<\/span>Ak v mozgu skuto\u010dne existuj\u00fa "<\/span>bo\u017esk\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny" <\/span> or "<\/span>bo\u017esk\u00e9 oblasti"<\/span>, s\u00fa chybn\u00e9 u agnostika a ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa u ateistu?"<\/em> <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Doktor Dean Hamer, behavior\u00e1lny genetik, oponuje na kritiku svoj\u00edm \u010fal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskumom. Napriek tomu, cie\u013eom jeho pr\u00e1ce nie je dok\u00e1za\u0165 existenciu Boha, \u010do je dom\u00e9nou n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva, ale uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee spiritualita je skuto\u010dn\u00fd jav, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 op\u00edsa\u0165 a zmera\u0165. Pod\u013ea Hamera spiritualita poch\u00e1dza z g\u00e9nov a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo z m\u00e9mov<\/strong> (kult\u00farneho ekvivalentu g\u00e9nov, r\u00f4znych ide\u00ed, hodn\u00f4t alebo vzorcov spr\u00e1vania, ktor\u00e9 sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu negeneticky, \u010dasto napodob\u0148ovan\u00edm).<\/p>\n

N\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo m\u00e1 korene vo v\u00fdchove a spiritualita v pr\u00edrode.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Viac ako 80 % svetovej popul\u00e1cie praktizuje nejak\u00fa formu n\u00e1boz\u017eenstva, pri\u010dom e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie percento popul\u00e1cie je du\u0161evne zalo\u017een\u00e9.\u00a0 Ot\u00e1zky oh\u013eadom spirituality a religiozity zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7374"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7374\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}