\u00darazy chrbtice patria medzi najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ie a\u00a0najbolestivej\u0161ie poranenia.<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017ee k\u00a0n\u00edm d\u00f4js\u0165 pri dopravn\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch, ale aj pri zdanlivo ne\u0161kodn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch \u2013 napr\u00edklad skok do baz\u00e9na. Na Slovensku<\/strong> si ro\u010dne zran\u00ed chrbticu 20 000 a\u017e 100 000 \u013eud\u00ed.<\/strong> Preva\u017ene ide o mu\u017eov vo veku 18 a\u017e 35 rokov. S\u00fabe\u017ene s chrbticou sa m\u00f4\u017ee po\u0161kodi\u0165 aj miecha.<\/strong> Ide o\u00a0ve\u013emi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fa diagn\u00f3zu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 viacero typov:<\/p>\n Pentapl\u00e9gia<\/strong> \u2013 kompletn\u00e9 ochrnutie v\u0161etk\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn\/br\u00e1nice\/svalov brucha a\u00a0trupu<\/p>\n Kvadrupl\u00e9gia<\/strong> \u2013 kompletn\u00e9 ochrnutie v\u0161etk\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn<\/p>\n Kvadrupar\u00e9za<\/strong> \u2013 miecha je \u010diasto\u010dne po\u0161koden\u00e1, no ochrnut\u00e9 s\u00fa horn\u00e9 aj doln\u00e9 kon\u010datiny<\/p>\n V Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti vy\u0161e 300 000 pacientov,<\/strong> ktor\u00fdch postihla jedna z t\u00fdchto diagn\u00f3z. R\u00f4zne rehabilit\u00e1cie stoja nemal\u00e9 peniaze a len 3% sa vylie\u010dia \u00faplne. Z\u00e1znamy uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee od 80. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia sa situ\u00e1cia nezlep\u0161ila.<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u010faka vedcom zo Severoz\u00e1padnej univerzity (Northwestern university)<\/strong> mo\u017eno v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade svit\u00e1 na lep\u0161ie \u010dasy. Vyvinuli nov\u00fa injek\u010dn\u00fa terapiu,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva \u201etancuj\u00face molekuly\u201c na zvr\u00e1tenie paral\u00fdzy a opravu tkaniva<\/strong> po \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch poraneniach miechy. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci aplikovali injekciu do tkaniva obklopuj\u00faceho miechy paralyzovan\u00fdch my\u0161\u00ed. Pre\u0161li \u0161tyri t\u00fd\u017edne a\u00a0my\u0161iam sa obnovila schopnos\u0165 pohybu.<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u010faka vyu\u017eitiu laborat\u00f3rnych my\u0161\u00ed sa podarilo objavi\u0165 inov\u00e1ciu v oblasti biomedic\u00edny. zdroj: pexels.com\n Doteraz bola \u010dasto zmie\u0148ovan\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm pre pacientov implant\u00e1cia umelej kostry.<\/strong> Pl\u00e1n bol, \u017ee v\u00a0sebe mala nies\u0165 hojiv\u00e9 prote\u00edny,<\/strong> ktor\u00e9 by mali dosah na zni\u010den\u00fa \u010das\u0165, ale t\u00e1to my\u0161lienka sa doteraz nepresadila.<\/strong> Vedci p\u00f4vodn\u00fd n\u00e1pad pozmenili a\u00a0pou\u017eili injek\u010dn\u00fa kvapalinu obsahuj\u00facu upraven\u00e9 peptidy<\/strong> (re\u0165azce aminokysel\u00edn). Nanovl\u00e1kna, ktor\u00e9 tieto peptidy tvoria, s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 mimobunkovej matrici miechy (vl\u00e1knit\u00fd materi\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd poskytuje priestor na rast neur\u00f3nov).<\/p>\n Terapia v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161ila regener\u00e1ciu v\u00e1\u017ene poru\u0161enej miechy. Preru\u0161en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenia neur\u00f3nov (ax\u00f3ny) sa vplyvom injekcie obnovili a\u00a0zmen\u0161ilo sa tkanivo, ktor\u00e9 br\u00e1nilo celkovej obnove.<\/strong> Takisto sa sformovala izola\u010dn\u00e1 vrstva ax\u00f3nov (myel\u00edn), ktor\u00e1 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 pri efekt\u00edvnom prenose elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov. V\u00a0mieste poranenia nakoniec za\u010dali fungova\u0165 krvn\u00e9 cievy,<\/strong> postupne bunk\u00e1m dod\u00e1vali \u017eiviny a\u00a0objavilo sa viac motorick\u00fdch neur\u00f3nov.<\/p>\n Cel\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadiu viedol chemik a profesor Samuel I. Stupp,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd mal o\u00a0v\u00fdsledkoch jasn\u00fa predstavu. \u201eCentr\u00e1lny nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0161ho tela, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a mozog a miechu, nem\u00e1 kapacitu na to, aby sa po \u00faraze alebo po n\u00e1stupe degenerat\u00edvneho ochorenia s\u00e1m opravoval. Cie\u013eom n\u00e1\u0161ho v\u00fdskumu je n\u00e1js\u0165 terapiu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomu, aby jednotlivci ochrnuli po v\u00e1\u017enom zranen\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n Nervy umiestnen\u00e9 v tkanive okolo miechy pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa vzruchy do mozgu a kon\u010dat\u00edn. zdroj: pinterest.com\n N\u00e1zov \u201etancuj\u00face molekuly\u201c<\/strong> vznikol kv\u00f4li ich neust\u00e1lemu pohybu. Ide o\u00a0dovtedy neuskuto\u010dnen\u00fa inov\u00e1ciu, pri ktorej sa riadi spolo\u010dn\u00fd pohyb viac ne\u017e 100\u00a0000 molek\u00fal<\/strong> v\u00a0r\u00e1mci nanovl\u00e1kna. T\u00fdm, \u017ee sa molekuly pohybuj\u00fa, do\u010dasne vysko\u010dia z t\u00fdchto \u0161trukt\u00far a dok\u00e1\u017eu sa efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie spoji\u0165 s receptormi.<\/strong><\/p>\n Po pripojen\u00ed k receptorom sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa molekuly dva sign\u00e1ly.<\/strong> Prv\u00fd vyzve ax\u00f3ny, aby sa regenerovali. Podobne ako elektrick\u00e9 k\u00e1ble, ax\u00f3ny za\u0161l\u00fa sign\u00e1ly mozgu, ktor\u00fd ich odovzd\u00e1 do zvy\u0161ku tela.<\/strong> Druh\u00fd sign\u00e1l pom\u00e1ha poranen\u00fdm neur\u00f3nom pre\u017ei\u0165,<\/strong> preto\u017ee v\u010faka nemu sa rozrastaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie typy buniek. Podporuje aj op\u00e4tovn\u00fd rast straten\u00fdch krvn\u00fdch ciev, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eivuj\u00fa neur\u00f3ny a kritick\u00e9 bunky na opravu tkaniva. Gliov\u00e9 zjazvenie<\/strong> zabra\u0148uje mieche v hojen\u00ed, no myel\u00edn postupne ho vytl\u00e1\u010da okolo pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v\u00fdbe\u017ekov nervov\u00fdch buniek.<\/p>\n Nov\u00e1 forma terapie by preto bola skvelou prevenciou proti paral\u00fdze pri chorob\u00e1ch a\u00a0nehod\u00e1ch<\/strong> (p\u00e1dy, \u0161portov\u00e9 zranenia, streln\u00e9 poranenia…). Samuel I. Stupp v\u0161ak ver\u00ed, \u017ee ich najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed objav \u2013 supramolekul\u00e1rny pohyb je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm faktorom bioaktivity.<\/strong><\/p>\n Po\u0161koden\u00e1 miecha m\u00e1 tkaniv\u00e1 centr\u00e1lneho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 s in\u00fdmi zni\u010den\u00fdmi tkanivami. Pon\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sa na tie, ktor\u00e9 analyzovali pri pacientoch s neurodegenerat\u00edvnymi ochoreniami (Parkinsonova, Alzheimerova choroba). Nov\u00e9 zistenia by sa preto mohli uplatni\u0165 na p\u00f4de molekul\u00e1rnej a bunkovej biol\u00f3gie.<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroje: www.news.northwestern.edu, www.sciencedaily.com, www.zdravoteka.sk<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1 poranenej miechy \u00darazy chrbtice patria medzi najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ie a\u00a0najbolestivej\u0161ie poranenia. M\u00f4\u017ee k\u00a0n\u00edm d\u00f4js\u0165 pri dopravn\u00fdch nehod\u00e1ch, ale aj pri zdanlivo ne\u0161kodn\u00fdch aktivit\u00e1ch \u2013 napr\u00edklad skok<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7383","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7383"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7383\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Inovat\u00edvna forma lie\u010dby<\/h3>\n
\u201eTancuj\u00face molekuly\u201c vysielaj\u00fa dva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n
Objav, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 \u0161ir\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie<\/h3>\n