{"id":7397,"date":"2021-12-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/ako-jazz-podmanil-svet\/"},"modified":"2021-12-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T23:00:00","slug":"ako-jazz-podmanil-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/ako-jazz-podmanil-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako si jazz podmanil svet"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>New Orleans \u2013 rodisko jazzu<\/h3>\n<p>Jazz a jeho vznik sa datuj\u00fa do za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia. <strong>Africk\u00ed otroci sa po pr\u00e1ci pravidelne sch\u00e1dzali na n\u00e1mest\u00ed v New Orleans.<\/strong> Ne\u0161lo o n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 miesto, v roku 1817 <strong>mestsk\u00e9 nariadenie povo\u013eovalo zhroma\u017e\u010fovane zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed na n\u00e1mest\u00ed Kongo.<\/strong> Nede\u013ea bola ich vo\u013en\u00fdm d\u0148om a\u00a0na spolo\u010dnom priestore <strong>tancovali, spievali a\u00a0pred\u00e1vali tovar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prirodzene im ch\u00fdbal domov, preto si medzi sebou spievali piesne domovsk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. <strong>Karibsk\u00e1 hudba sa mie\u0161ala s\u00a0africk\u00fdmi rytmami a\u00a0cirkevn\u00fdmi mel\u00f3diami z\u00a0juhu Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov.<\/strong> K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm bol rytmus poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci z Afriky &#8211; <strong>habanera.<\/strong><\/p>\n V uliciach New Orleans dodnes n\u00e1jdete mno\u017estvo jazzov\u00fdch podnikov. zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>New Orleans je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 aj ako pr\u00edstavn\u00e9 mesto, preto nie je prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee sa v\u00a0\u0148om prejavila <strong>kult\u00farna rozmanitos\u0165.<\/strong> Pris\u0165ahovalci z\u00a0r\u00f4znych k\u00fatov sveta mo\u017eno prich\u00e1dzali za pr\u00e1cou a\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotom, no rovnako obohacovali z\u00e1padn\u00fd svet. Vr\u00e1tane tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho jazzu, vznikali \u010fal\u0161ie jemu pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdly. Medzi najhlavnej\u0161ie patr\u00ed swing, bebop, cool jazz, latin jazz, jazzrock a\u00a0in\u00e9. Dnes s\u00fa <strong>jazzov\u00ed hudobn\u00edci po celom svete a\u00a0stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa na r\u00f4znych festivaloch.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 je autentickos\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Z\u00a0<strong>afro-americkej hudby<\/strong> z\u00edskal jazz<strong> rytmus,<\/strong> bol ovplyvnen\u00fd<strong> blues a\u00a0\u0161pecifickou hrou na klav\u00edri (ragtime).<\/strong> <strong>Eur\u00f3pske p\u00f4sobenie<\/strong> znamenalo <strong>vyu\u017eitie harm\u00f3nie a n\u00e1strojov klasickej hudby<\/strong> \u2013 saxof\u00f3n, tr\u00fabka, klav\u00edr at\u010f. <strong>Hudobn\u00e1 improviz\u00e1cia<\/strong> vych\u00e1dzala z africk\u00fdch aj eur\u00f3pskych hudobn\u00fdch trad\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Hudobn\u00edci v\u00e1m aj tak nepon\u00faknu presn\u00fa defin\u00edciu jazzovej hudby. Pr\u00e1ve<strong> sloboda a\u00a0mo\u017enos\u0165 improviz\u00e1cie <\/strong>dovo\u013euje umelcom tvori\u0165 mel\u00f3die, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa charakteristick\u00e9 len pre nich. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eete po\u010d\u00fava\u0165 t\u00fa ist\u00fa piese\u0148, ktor\u00fa hr\u00e1 tucet jazzov\u00fdch umelcov a po\u010du\u0165 tucet r\u00f4znych zvukov. <strong>\u0160t\u00fdl ka\u017ed\u00e9ho hudobn\u00edka je in\u00fd,<\/strong> rovnako ako ich improvizovan\u00e9 s\u00f3la. Mel\u00f3die m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 rovnak\u00fd z\u00e1klad, ale k\u00fasok vlastn\u00e9ho vplyvu pretvor\u00ed piese\u0148 na nie\u010do nov\u00e9, svie\u017ee.<\/p>\n<p>From<strong> 20. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia<\/strong> tento <strong>\u017e\u00e1ner naberal na popularite<\/strong> and\u00a0<strong>zanechal v\u00fdrazn\u00fa stopu na v\u00fdvoji popul\u00e1rnej hudby. Star\u0161ie gener\u00e1cie<\/strong> zvyknut\u00e9 na klasick\u00e9 orchestr\u00e1lne symf\u00f3nie <strong>kr\u00fatili hlavou nad svi\u017en\u00fdm jazzov\u00fdm tempom, neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdmi zvratmi v\u00a0mel\u00f3di\u00ed a\u00a0nezamenite\u013en\u00fdmi hlasmi spev\u00e1kov.<\/strong> Napriek tomu v\u0161ak z\u00a0predstavite\u013eov tohto \u017e\u00e1nru vzi\u0161li <strong>najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie skladate\u013esk\u00e9 a\u00a0spev\u00e1cke hviezdy. Miles Davis<\/strong> bol zn\u00e1my t\u00fdm, \u017ee hral na tr\u00fabku tich\u00fdm \u0161epotom. Prenikav\u00fd hlas <strong>Louisa Armstronga<\/strong> je napodob\u0148ovan\u00fd imit\u00e1tormi dodnes. D\u017eezov\u00e1 spev\u00e1\u010dka <strong>Ella Fitzgerald<\/strong> po\u010das svojho \u017eivota z\u00edskala <strong>13 cien Grammy.<\/strong> Vok\u00e1ly<strong> Billie Holiday<\/strong> dodnes patria medzi nenapodobite\u013en\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 in\u0161piruj\u00face. <strong>Frank Sinatra<\/strong> je okrem hudobn\u00fdch ocenen\u00ed <strong>dr\u017eite\u013e troch so\u0161iek Oscara.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u017divotopisn\u00fd film<\/strong> o\u00a0Billie Holiday s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom <strong>Lady Sings The Blues<\/strong> priniesol spev\u00e1\u010dke a\u00a0here\u010dke <strong>Diane Ross Zlat\u00fd gl\u00f3bus za \u017densk\u00fd objav roka.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Billie Holiday - Lady Sings The Blues\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ulGwHzrKOAU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Kr\u00e1\u013e jazzu so smutn\u00fdm osudom<\/h3>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa za prv\u00fa ofici\u00e1lnu nahr\u00e1vku pova\u017euje skladba Livery Stable Blues (1917) od skupiny The Original Dixieland Jass Band, titul <strong>\u201ekr\u00e1\u013e jazzu\u201c\/ \u201eotec jazzu\u201c<\/strong> nesie <strong>Charles \u201eBuddy\u201c Bolden.<\/strong> Rod\u00e1k z\u00a0New Orleans bol zn\u00e1my svojou<strong> schopnos\u0165ou ponori\u0165 sa do tranzu, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho okrem hudby nez\u00e1le\u017ealo na ni\u010dom.<\/strong> Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t <strong>priniesol na p\u00f3dium improviz\u00e1ciu,<\/strong> ke\u010f sa na p\u00f3diu so svojou popul\u00e1rnou kapelou pon\u00e1ral hlb\u0161ie a hlb\u0161ie do jazzov\u00fdch rytmov. \u013dudia u\u017e z dia\u013eky po\u010duli \u017eiveln\u00e9 zvuky a hne\u010f vedeli, \u017ee ich m\u00f4\u017eu pripisova\u0165 pr\u00e1ve \u201ekr\u00e1\u013eovi Boldenovi\u201c.<\/p>\n Louis Armstrong o Buddym povedal, \u017ee &#8222;bol pr\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00fd pre svoju dobu&#8220;. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Autor <strong>Encyklop\u00e9die jazzu,<\/strong> Leonard Feather p\u00ed\u0161e aj o Boldenovi: <strong>\u201eKe\u010f\u017ee jeho kari\u00e9ra predch\u00e1dzala v\u00fdrobe komer\u010dn\u00fdch nahr\u00e1vok tohto druhu hudby, nie je z neho ni\u010d in\u00e9 ako legenda.\u201c<\/strong> His <strong>pr\u00edbeh v\u0161ak ostal zachovan\u00fd v\u010faka \u010dlenom jeho kapely<\/strong> &#8211; Kingovi Oliverovi a\u00a0Bunkovi Johnsonovi. Pr\u00e1ve oni nesk\u00f4r mentorovali Louisa Armstronga.<\/p>\n<p>Fan\u00fa\u0161ikovia si Buddyho talent neu\u017eili pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho. Po\u010das festivalu v roku 1907 zastal v dave a za\u010dal kri\u010da\u0165. Hovorilo sa, \u017ee i\u0161lo o nejak\u00e9 postihnutie mozgu, in\u00ed \u013eudia dokonca hovorili, \u017ee na\u0148ho niekto pou\u017eil kliatbu voodoo. Napokon mu <strong>lek\u00e1ri v tom \u010dase diagnostikovali<\/strong> <strong>demenciu pracecox, ktor\u00e1 je dnes zn\u00e1ma ako<\/strong> <strong>schizofr\u00e9nia<\/strong>. Tridsa\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e9ho Boldena matka prihl\u00e1sila do \u0161t\u00e1tneho \u00fastavu pre chor\u00fdch v Louisiane.<strong> V \u00fastave ostal a\u017e do svojej smrti, kde naposledy vyd\u00fdchol ako 54-ro\u010dn\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0roku 2020 mu <strong>atlantsk\u00fd saxofonista Jeff Compton vzdal poctu<\/strong> v\u00a0podobe opery o\u00a0jeho tvorbe a\u00a0\u017eivote.<strong> Opera Buddyho Boldena <\/strong>je komorn\u00fd, 45-min\u00fatov\u00fd k\u00fasok, v\u00a0ktorom nov\u00e9 skladby predstavuj\u00fa pr\u00edbeh Boldena na sklonku jeho hudobnej kari\u00e9ry a\u00a0du\u0161evn\u00e9 zr\u00fatenie, ktor\u00e9 nasledovalo.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.americanhistory.si.edu, www.bbc.com, www.jazzinamerica.org, www.neworleans.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Po\u010das predviano\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1kupov m\u00f4\u017eeme v obchodoch po\u010du\u0165 pr\u00edjemn\u00fa jazzov\u00fa hudbu, ktor\u00e1 pod\u010diarkuje sviato\u010dn\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru. Len\u017ee nie je to len o hudbe vo v\u00fd\u0165ahoch a v obchodoch, jazz m\u00e1 pestr\u00fa hist\u00f3riu a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zmysel. \u010co viedlo k vzniku tohto unik\u00e1tneho \u017e\u00e1nru?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7397\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}