{"id":7402,"date":"2021-12-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/manzelky-panovnika-henricha-viii\/"},"modified":"2021-12-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T23:00:00","slug":"manzelky-panovnika-henricha-viii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/manzelky-panovnika-henricha-viii\/","title":{"rendered":"Man\u017eelky Henricha VIII.: l\u00e1ska \u010di len n\u00e1stroj po\u010datia? \u2013 I. \u010das\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Kr\u00e1\u013e Henrich VIII. Tudor <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Henrich VIII. vl\u00e1dol Anglicku 36 rokov (1509-1547) \u2013 v \u010dase anglickej renesancie a protestantskej reform\u00e1cie. \u010co ho v\u0161ak presl\u00e1vilo nebola politika, ale jeho turbulentn\u00fd romantick\u00fd \u017eivot. Mal \u0161es\u0165 man\u017eeliek a nieko\u013eko mileniek, ktor\u00e9 si st\u00e1le dr\u017eal pri sebe. Jeho t\u00fa\u017eba po politickom zjednoten\u00ed a zdravom mu\u017eskom dedi\u010dovi ho \u201eprin\u00fatila\u201c anulova\u0165 dve man\u017eelstv\u00e1 a s\u0165a\u0165 dve z jeho \u017eien. Jeho \u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl v\u0161ak zapr\u00ed\u010dinil nestabiln\u00e9 n\u00e1stupn\u00edctvo a zahrani\u010dn\u00fa politiku \u2013 dokonca odluku s katol\u00edckou cirkvou.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Kto boli man\u017eelky Henricha VIII. ? \u010c\u00edm tieto \u017eeny zl\u00e1kali jedn\u00e9ho z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch panovn\u00edkov sveta? Ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prispeli k rozmachu kr\u00e1\u013eovskej n\u00e1rodnej identity Anglicka? Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o osudoch kr\u00e1\u013eov\u00fdch \u017eien, ale aj d\u00f4vodoch rozpadu man\u017eelstiev, ktor\u00e9 mali dopad na cel\u00e9 vtedaj\u0161ie Anglicko.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n B\u00fdval\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Anglicka &#8211; Henrich VIII. Tudor ( Henry VIII) Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<h3><strong>1. Katar\u00edna Arag\u00f3nska \u2013 t\u00e1 najodhodlanej\u0161ia <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Henrich VIII. nast\u00fapil na tr\u00f3n ako 17-ro\u010dn\u00fd v\u00a0roku 1509 a\u00a0o\u00a0\u0161es\u0165 t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov nesk\u00f4r sa o\u017eenil. Jeho man\u017eelkou sa stala <strong>Katar\u00edna Arag\u00f3nska, <\/strong><strong>dc\u00e9ra kr\u00e1\u013ea Ferdinanda a\u00a0kr\u00e1\u013eovnej Izabely \u0160panielskej (Kast\u00edlskej)<\/strong>. Katar\u00edna bola pritom vdova po Henrichovom star\u0161om bratovi Arturovi. <strong>Shakespeare\u00a0 ju dokonca nazval kr\u00e1\u013eovnou pozemsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eovien, <\/strong>ktorej sa podarilo sta\u0165 Henrichovou najdlh\u0161ie trvaj\u00facou man\u017eelkou.<\/p>\n Man\u017eelky Henricha VIII. &#8211; Katar\u00edna Arag\u00f3nska (Catherine of Aragon) &#8211; prv\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najdlh\u0161ie man\u017eelstvo Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<h3>Prv\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00e1 ve\u013evyslanky\u0148a v Eur\u00f3pe<\/h3>\n<p>Kultivovan\u00e1 a vzdelan\u00e1 \u0161panielska princezn\u00e1 mala \u010do pon\u00faknu\u0165 aj mimo svojej p\u00f4sobivej rodinnej l\u00ednie. Jej v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vzdelanie zah\u0155\u0148alo jazyky, humanitn\u00e9 vedy a aritmetiku, ale aj dom\u00e1ce zru\u010dnosti. Bola v\u00e1\u0161nivou \u010ditate\u013ekou a zbo\u017e\u0148ovala dobr\u00fa literat\u00faru, ktor\u00fa \u0161tudovala od \u00fatleho detstva. Vychov\u00e1vali ju ako kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00fa, av\u0161ak svoj n\u00e1zor sa nikdy neb\u00e1la prejavi\u0165. Katar\u00edna si ako prv\u00e9ho vzala Henrichovho star\u0161ieho brata Artura. Ten v\u0161ak ani nie rok po svadbe zomrel a ona sa tak v 17-tich rokoch stala vodovou. V tom \u010dase \u017eila v Lond\u00fdne a zn\u00e1\u0161ala rozmary v\u0161etk\u00fdch mu\u017eov v jej okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f4vodom ich svadby (okrem toho, \u017ee Henrich sa nechcel vzda\u0165 v\u00fdhod \u0161panielskeho spojenectva) tak bolo presved\u010denie Henrichovho otca, \u017ee s\u00a0bud\u00facou kr\u00e1\u013eovnou sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko manipulova\u0165. Opak bol pravdou, preto\u017ee sa z\u00a0nej vyk\u013eula inteligentn\u00e1 a siln\u00e1 \u017eena. V\u00a0roku 1507 p\u00f4sobila ako <strong>\u0161panielska ve\u013evyslanky\u0148a v\u00a0Anglicku<\/strong> (z\u00e1rove\u0148 prv\u00e1 \u017eensk\u00e1 ve\u013evyslanky\u0148a v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Kr\u00e1\u013eova posadnutos\u0165 po dedi\u010dovi neust\u00e1vala<\/h3>\n<p>Sob\u00e1\u0161 sa napokon uskuto\u010dnil v roku 1509 a <strong>ich 24 spolu\u017eitie<\/strong> bolo z\u00a0v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej \u010dasti \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9. Od chv\u00edle, ke\u010f sa vzali sa v\u0161ak kr\u00e1\u013e stal posadnut\u00fd pokra\u010dovan\u00edm tudorovskej l\u00ednie. Z\u00a0nieko\u013ekopo\u010detn\u00fdch tehotenstiev kr\u00e1\u013eovnej pre\u017eilo iba jedno die\u0165a (nie vyt\u00fa\u017een\u00fd chlapec) \u2013 <strong>dc\u00e9ra Mary<\/strong>. Postupom \u010dasu si Henrich vsugeroval, \u017ee kv\u00f4li svadbe s\u00a0bratovou man\u017eelkou sp\u00e1chal \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd hriech a\u00a0pr\u00e1ve preto mu nebol dopriaty syn. Anglicko bolo pob\u00faren\u00e9 jeho vl\u00e1dou a\u00a0nastal politick\u00fd, no najm\u00e4 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd nepokoj. Ke\u010f\u017ee p\u00e1pe\u017e Henrichovi rozvod nepovolil, h\u013eadal in\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby. V\u00a0rokoch 1525-1533 <strong>sa stal hlavou anglik\u00e1nskej cirkvi<\/strong> (p\u00e1pe\u017ea \u201eodsunul\u201c na druh\u00fa ko\u013eaj) a\u00a0svoju kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa moc podrobil Bohu a\u00a0nikomu in\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nov\u00fd arcibiskup z\u00a0Canterbury (podporovate\u013e kr\u00e1\u013ea) Thomas Cranmer<\/strong> tak kone\u010dne vyhl\u00e1sil jeho man\u017eelstvo s Katar\u00ednou za neplatn\u00e9. Ich dc\u00e9ru kr\u00e1\u013e ozna\u010dil za bastarda, pri\u0161la i o svoj titul princeznej. Hne\u010f potom sa o\u017eenil s\u00a0<strong>Annou Boleynovou<\/strong>, do ktorej sa v\u00e1\u0161nivo zamiloval. Katar\u00ednu vyhnal a\u00a0poslal \u017ei\u0165 do exilu \u2013 <strong>ona v\u0161ak ostal neochvejne siln\u00e1 a\u00a0svoj titul kr\u00e1\u013eovnej si udr\u017eala a\u017e do svojej smrti v\u00a0roku 1536<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Anna Boleynov\u00e1 \u2013 divok\u00e1, ambici\u00f3zna a s chu\u0165ou pre reformy <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Odtrhnut\u00edm od R\u00edma Henrich vniesol do Anglicka protestantsk\u00fa reform\u00e1ciu. Zatia\u013e \u010do jemu spo\u010diatku \u0161lo o\u00a0rozvod s\u00a0prvou man\u017eelkou, in\u00ed reform\u00e1ciu vn\u00edmali ako silu na postavenie sa katol\u00edckej cirkvi. \u013dud mal pocit, \u017ee cirkev ich zneu\u017e\u00edva a\u00a0reform\u00e1cia ich povzbudila k\u00a0okam\u017eitej emancip\u00e1cii. Medzi t\u00fdchto odv\u00e1\u017elivcov patrila aj Anna Boleynov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Uzn\u00e1van\u00fd historik a\u00a0odborn\u00edk na tudorovsk\u00e9 obdobie <strong>Eric Ives<\/strong>, hovoril o \u017een\u00e1ch, ktor\u00fdmi sa Anna Boleynov\u00e1 obklopovala, ako o<strong><em> \u201earistokratick\u00fdch \u017een\u00e1ch h\u013eadaj\u00facich duchovn\u00e9 naplnenie\u201c<\/em><\/strong><em>. <\/em>Po\u010das rokov str\u00e1ven\u00fdch na franc\u00fazskom dvore sa tak stretla s\u00a0mocn\u00fdmi kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdmi \u017eenami ako napr\u00edklad s <strong>Marguerite de Navarre<\/strong> \u2013 uzn\u00e1vanou poetkou a\u00a0dramati\u010dkou. To v\u0161etko Anne v\u0161tepilo ide\u00e1ly reform\u00e1cie a\u00a0uk\u00e1zalo jej, \u017ee mocn\u00e9 \u017eeny sa m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 patr\u00f3nkami umenia \u010di\u00a0hl\u00e1sa\u0165 radik\u00e1lne my\u0161lienky.<\/p>\n Man\u017eelky Henricha VIII. &#8211; Anna Boleynov\u00e1 (Anne Boleyn) Zdroj:sk.pinterest.com\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Ich dvorenie trvalo sedem rokov<\/h3>\n<p>Ke\u010f v roku 1522 pri\u0161la na anglick\u00fd dvor bola senz\u00e1ciou pre mnoh\u00fdch. Hovorila plynulou franc\u00faz\u0161tinou, vedela tancova\u0165 i spieva\u0165, hrala na nieko\u013ek\u00fdch n\u00e1strojoch, opl\u00fdvala bystr\u00fdm d\u00f4vtipom \u2013 <strong>vy\u017earoval z\u00a0nej ist\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdlov\u00fd franc\u00fazsky p\u00f4vab<\/strong>. Netrvalo dlho a mlad\u00ed \u0161\u013eachtici sa hrnuli, aby up\u00fatali jej pozornos\u0165. Av\u0161ak a\u017e v roku 1525 sa jej svoj\u00edm ladn\u00fdm vystupovan\u00edm podarilo up\u00fata\u0165 pozornos\u0165 Henricha VIII.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa Anna kr\u00e1\u013eovi odmietala fyzicky odda\u0165 (chcela po\u010dka\u0165 na \u201epevnej\u0161iu p\u00f4du\u201c pre ich vz\u0165ah), obaja si k\u00a0sebe vypestovali hlbok\u00fa n\u00e1klonnos\u0165. Anna nechcela by\u0165 iba kr\u00e1\u013eovou milenkou,<strong> a\u00a0tak ich dvorenie trvalo sedem rokov, pri\u010dom bolo zdokumentovan\u00e9 v\u00a0s\u00e9rii milostn\u00fdch listov<\/strong>. Nebola v\u0161ak len kr\u00e1\u013eovou novou m\u00fazou, preto\u017ee aj po\u010das tohto obdobia sa zap\u00e1jala do d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch diplomatick\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed a\u00a0upev\u0148ovala spojenectvo Anglicka s\u00a0Franc\u00fazskom.<\/p>\n<p>Henrich VIII. a Anna Boleynov\u00e1 sa zosob\u00e1\u0161ili 28. m\u00e1ja 1533, v\u00a0tom istom roku pri\u0161la na svet <strong>ich prv\u00e1 dc\u00e9ra Al\u017ebeta<\/strong> (nesk\u00f4r Al\u017ebeta I.). Rovnako ako Katar\u00ednu Arag\u00f3nsku, aj Annu sprev\u00e1dzalo nieko\u013eko potratov a\u00a0\u017eiadny mu\u017esk\u00fd dedi\u010d. Jej <strong>kra\u013eovanie sa skon\u010dilo po kr\u00e1tkych troch rokoch, ke\u010f ju v\u00a0roku 1536 dali s\u0165a\u0165<\/strong>. Obvinen\u00e1 bola z\u00a0cudzolo\u017estva, zrady, krvismilstva a\u00a0jej dc\u00e9ra Al\u017ebeta bola taktie\u017e vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 za bastarda.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina historikov sa zhoduje, \u017ee tieto obvinenia boli umelo vykon\u0161truovan\u00e9 a pou\u017eit\u00e9 na Annino odstr\u00e1nenie. Niektor\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdm podnecovate\u013eom bol pr\u00e1ve jej man\u017eel (d\u00f4vodom mala by\u0165 t\u00fa\u017eba po \u010fal\u0161om man\u017eelstve a synovi). In\u00e9 zdroje ale nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee Annin vyn\u00faten\u00fd p\u00e1d mohol s\u00favisie\u0165 aj s jej odli\u0161n\u00fdmi n\u00e1zormi na reformn\u00fa politiku.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zdroje: thecollector.com, www.history.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kr\u00e1\u013e Henrich VIII. Tudor Henrich VIII. vl\u00e1dol Anglicku 36 rokov (1509-1547) \u2013 v \u010dase anglickej renesancie a protestantskej reform\u00e1cie. \u010co ho v\u0161ak presl\u00e1vilo nebola politika,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7402"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7402\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}