{"id":7409,"date":"2022-01-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/epidemia-obezity-je-dedicna-alebo-dosledkom-zivotneho-stylu\/"},"modified":"2022-01-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T23:00:00","slug":"epidemia-obezity-je-dedicna-alebo-dosledkom-zivotneho-stylu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/epidemia-obezity-je-dedicna-alebo-dosledkom-zivotneho-stylu\/","title":{"rendered":"Epid\u00e9mia obezity: Je dedi\u010dn\u00e1 alebo d\u00f4sledkom \u017eivotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fdlu?"},"content":{"rendered":"Aj vy ste sa niekedy za\u010dudovali nad t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo sa objavilo na displeji va\u0161ej v\u00e1hy? S nadv\u00e1hou bojuje preva\u017en\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 na\u0161ej popul\u00e1cie. Foto: I. Yunmai @Unsplash.com\n

\u010co je to obezita, kde m\u00f4\u017eeme h\u013eada\u0165 jej z\u00e1klady, \u010do ju sp\u00f4sobuje? Je to vec genetiky alebo s\u00favis\u00ed s na\u0161\u00edm \u017eivotn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00fdlom? \u010co n\u00e1m hroz\u00ed? M\u00e1me to skuto\u010dne pod kontrolou?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na zop\u00e1r faktov, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm sn\u00e1\u010f pochop\u00edme, \u017ee ani \u201ekr\u00e1tke\u201c viano\u010dn\u00e9 prejedanie sa nie je pre na\u0161e telo \u00faplne bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Obezita sa stala fenom\u00e9nom doby<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdskyt obezity celosvetovo dramaticky st\u00fapa. Odborn\u00edkmi je \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 aj \u201e\u010dasovanou bombou<\/b>\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2014 uv\u00e1dza dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd n\u00e1rast<\/b> obezity v popul\u00e1cii za posledn\u00fdch 30 rokov. Alarmuj\u00face s\u00fa \u00fadaje t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa det\u00ed a dospievaj\u00facich<\/strong>, kde po\u010det ob\u00e9znych det\u00ed vo veku 4 a\u017e 19 rokov sa za posledn\u00fdch 40 rokov zv\u00fd\u0161il a\u017e desa\u0165n\u00e1sobne! Nadv\u00e1hou na celom svete trpia dve miliardy \u013eud\u00ed, \u010do je viac ako 30 percent popul\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok, zdroj: Pexels.com\n

Po\u010diatky obezity m\u00f4\u017eeme h\u013eada\u0165 u\u017e v maternici matky, kde bola zisten\u00e1 s\u00favislos\u0165 nedostato\u010dnej v\u00fd\u017eivy matky s obezitou die\u0165a\u0165a v dospelosti. Ve\u013ek\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va taktie\u017e v\u00fd\u017eiva v ranom detstve<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee jedinca \u201epozna\u010di\u0165\u201c na cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

Ob\u00e9zni otcovia a matky maj\u00fa deti s predispoz\u00edciou na obezitu<\/strong>, dedi\u010dnos\u0165 sa odhaduje na \u00farovni 40 a\u017e 70 percent. Av\u0161ak nie v\u0161etky tieto deti sa stan\u00fa ob\u00e9znymi, d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa faktory prostredia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu a nemusia prispie\u0165 k jej rozvoju. Profesor Mark Vickers z University of Auckland<\/em> dokonca tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee ke\u010f\u017ee je tento efekt kumulat\u00edvny, zlo\u017eenie popul\u00e1cie sa \u010dasom prev\u00e1\u017ei na stranu dospel\u00fdch s nadmernou telesnou hmotnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

Na ur\u010denie nadv\u00e1hy sa pou\u017e\u00edva takzvan\u00fd index telesnej hmotnosti BMI<\/strong> a vzorec na jeho v\u00fdpo\u010det je BMI=m\/ h2 <\/sup>(m=hmotnos\u0165, h=v\u00fd\u0161ka). Probl\u00e9m za\u010d\u00edna, ke\u010f hodnota BMI je v rozmedz\u00ed hodn\u00f4t 25 a\u017e 30, vtedy hovor\u00edme o nadv\u00e1he. O seri\u00f3znom probl\u00e9me hovor\u00edme, ke\u010f je jeho hodnota vy\u0161\u0161ia ako 30, \u010do u\u017e znamen\u00e1 obezitu. BMI v\u0161ak nie je univerz\u00e1lna met\u00f3da zis\u0165ovania nadv\u00e1hy, preto\u017ee osoby s ve\u013ek\u00fdm podielom svalovej hmoty spravidla tie\u017e na BMI dosahuj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie indexy, hoci nadv\u00e1hu kv\u00f4li tuku nemaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Za d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd \u00fadaj sa preto pova\u017euje pomer obvodu p\u00e1sa k obvodu bokov<\/strong>. Je v poriadku, ak je u mu\u017eov tento pomer ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed alebo rovn\u00fd hodnote 0,95 a u \u017eien ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed alebo rovn\u00fd 0,85. V opa\u010dnom pr\u00edpade hovor\u00edme o bru\u0161nej (viscer\u00e1lnej) obezite, ktor\u00e1 vedie k rozvoju kardiometabolick\u00fdch faktorov.<\/p>\n ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok, zdroj: Pexels.com\n

Siln\u00e9 slovo maj\u00fa horm\u00f3ny<\/h3>\n

Objavenie horm\u00f3nu lept\u00edn<\/b> v roku 1994 umo\u017enilo pochopi\u0165, pre\u010do je nadv\u00e1ha za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh, z ktor\u00e9ho \u0165a\u017eko unikn\u00fa\u0165. Je to horm\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd si napriek svojej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti zatia\u013e z\u00edskal len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo pozornosti. Hovor\u00ed sa mu tie\u017e horm\u00f3n hladu a s\u00fdtosti. <\/strong>Mozgu, konkr\u00e9tne hypotalamu, poskytuje inform\u00e1cie o tom, \u010di je \u010dlovek hladn\u00fd alebo s\u00fdty. Pod\u013ea jeho koncentr\u00e1cie v krvi vol\u00ed hypotalamus strat\u00e9giu – ak je lept\u00ednu ve\u013ea, zr\u00fdch\u013euje metabolizmus a sprostredkuje sign\u00e1l \u201epresta\u0148 jes\u0165\u201c; ak je ho m\u00e1lo, spoma\u013euje metabolizmus a sprostredkuje sign\u00e1l \u201ejedz\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee je lept\u00edn tvoren\u00fd v adipocytoch podko\u017en\u00e9ho tuku, \u010d\u00edm viac tuku jedinec m\u00e1, t\u00fdm viac sa ho tvor\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 stav, ktor\u00fd sa vol\u00e1 lept\u00ednov\u00e1 rezistencia<\/strong>, kedy je ho u\u017e tak ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo, \u017ee receptory v hypotalame na\u0148 prestan\u00fa reagova\u0165 a aj napriek obrovsk\u00e9mu mno\u017estvu energie ukrytej v tuku a vysokej hladine lept\u00ednu d\u00e1vaj\u00fa st\u00e1le sign\u00e1l \u201ejedz\u201c.<\/p>\n

V roku 2018 vy\u0161la v \u010dasopise Cell systems<\/i> \u0161t\u00fadia, pri ktorej sa zistilo, \u017ee aj mal\u00fd n\u00e1rast, cca 2,7 kg, sta\u010d\u00ed na aktiv\u00e1ciu markerov s\u00favisiacich s kardiovaskul\u00e1rnymi ochoreniami. T\u00fato hmotnos\u0165 pribrali \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci za 30 dn\u00ed, av\u0161ak aj tento kr\u00e1tky \u010das bol dostato\u010dn\u00fd na zmenu mikrobi\u00f3mu a imunitnej s\u00fastavy. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 bolo zistenie, \u017ee doch\u00e1dzalo ku genetick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m ved\u00facim ku kardiomyopatii (slabnutiu srdcov\u00e9ho svalu). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee za tak kr\u00e1tky \u010das sa zmenilo fungovanie srdca a s t\u00fdm s\u00favisiacich regula\u010dn\u00fdch dr\u00e1h. Ide o potvrdenie, \u017ee ak \u013eudia priber\u00fa, zmeny nastan\u00fa na \u00farovni cel\u00e9ho tela<\/strong>. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, tak\u00fdmto nie\u010d\u00edm prech\u00e1dza takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s, ka\u017ed\u00fd rok – a to najm\u00e4 po\u010das viano\u010dn\u00e9ho obdobia.<\/p>\n

Ako sme u\u017e p\u00edsali, k rozvoju obezity prispieva hlavne prostredie, v tomto pr\u00edpade ho naz\u00fdvame odborne obezog\u00e9nne prostredie<\/b>. Obezog\u00e9nne prostredie je charakterizovan\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pr\u00edjmom vysokokalorick\u00e9ho jedla<\/b> s n\u00edzkym obsahom \u017eiv\u00edn a nedostato\u010dn\u00fdm pohybom<\/b>. Trh je nas\u00fdten\u00fd produktmi bez v\u00fd\u017eivovej hodnoty, ide hlavne o priemyselne spracovan\u00e9 potraviny, \u010dasto s obrovsk\u00fdm mno\u017estvom cukru, nezdrav\u00fdch rafinovan\u00fdch tukov, sol\u00ed a adit\u00edv. \u010casto s\u00fa to aj produkty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa drah\u00fdmi reklamn\u00fdmi kampa\u0148ami ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 za zdrav\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee s\u00edce toho vieme mnoho, nie v\u0161etko z toho je v\u0161ak pravda. Nie nadarmo s\u00fa jednodruhov\u00e9, priemyselne nespracovan\u00e9 potraviny pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za najzdrav\u0161ie – netreba na ne ani etiketu popisuj\u00facu ich zlo\u017eenie, ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa potravinou samou o sebe.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1ver si dovol\u00edm len kr\u00e1tku vetu: \u201eSme len to, \u010do jeme\u201c<\/b>.<\/p>\n ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok, zdroj: Pexels.com\n

Sources:<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  • FINLAYSON, J. 2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>You are what your grandparents ate<\/span><\/span><\/span>.Canada: Robert Rose Inc. 2019. ISBN: 978-80-8164-219-7<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/li>\n
  • VICKERS,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>M.H. 2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Developmental Programming and Transgenerational Transmission of Obesity<\/span><\/span><\/span>. In: Patel V., Preedy V. (eds) Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics. Springer, Cham. 2019. ISBN: 978-3-319-55530-0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/li>\n
  • CABALLERO, B. 2019. Humans against Obesity: Who will win? Advances in Nutrition, 10, S4-S9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na zop\u00e1r faktov, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm sn\u00e1\u010f pochop\u00edme, \u017ee ani \u201ekr\u00e1tke\u201c viano\u010dn\u00e9 prejedanie sa nie je pre na\u0161e telo \u00faplne v poriadku.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7409","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7409"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7409\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7409"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7409"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7409"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}