Thonis bol zalo\u017een\u00fd asi pred 2 700 rokmi<\/strong> na mieste s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu Abu Qir<\/strong>, pribli\u017ene 24 kilometrov severov\u00fdchodne od Alexandrie<\/strong>. Sl\u00e1vnej\u0161ie egyptsk\u00e9 mesto v\u0161ak Thonis na ist\u00fd \u010das predbehol, ke\u010f sa stal hlavn\u00fdm obchodn\u00fdm pr\u00edstavom. Nieko\u013eko storo\u010d\u00ed bol preto centrom medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho obchodu.<\/strong><\/p>\n Mestom sa \u0165ahala sie\u0165 kan\u00e1lov a pr\u00edstavov, chr\u00e1mov a ve\u017eov\u00fdch domov. Pravidelne sa kontrolovala v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina n\u00e1mornej dopravy\u00a0 prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facej do Egypta zo Stredozemn\u00e9ho mora. Tovar \u00a0prevzali a zdanili v stredisku colnej spr\u00e1vy. Po tomto procese ho distribuovali \u010falej do vn\u00fatrozemia, bu\u010f v Naukratis \u2013 \u010fal\u0161om obchodnom pr\u00edstave, vzdialenom takmer 130 kilomentrov \u2013 alebo cez Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 jazero.<\/p>\n Obchod bol tak dobre rozvinut\u00fd, \u017ee Gr\u00e9ci dali mestu aj vlastn\u00e9 pomenovanie \u2013 Herakleion<\/strong>. Neby\u0165 zachovan\u00fdch z\u00e1pisov, na mesto by si dnes nikto nespomenul. Archeol\u00f3govia na\u0161li r\u00f4zne texty, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa Thonis spom\u00ednal. Gr\u00e9cky historik Herodotos (5. storo\u010die pred n. l.) \u00a0hovor\u00ed o ve\u013ekom chr\u00e1me, ktor\u00fd postavili na mieste, kde sl\u00e1vny poloboh Herakles prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t vkro\u010dil do Egypta.<\/strong> P\u00ed\u0161e aj o Heleninej n\u00e1v\u0161teve Herakleionu s jej milencom Parisom pred Tr\u00f3jskou vojnou.<\/p>\n Historici sa p\u00f4vodne domnievali, \u017ee Thonis a Herakleion boli dve samostatn\u00e9 mest\u00e1 nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa na s\u00fa\u010dasnej egyptskej pevnine. Vn\u00edmanie starod\u00e1vnych miest pri\u0161lo v\u00a0roku 1933. Pilot Kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch leteck\u00fdch s\u00edl po\u010das preletu nad Abu Qir zazrel odlesky ru\u00edn. Pre\u0161lo takmer 70 rokov k\u00fdm sa zistenia za\u010dali roz\u0161irova\u0165. T\u00edm z\u00a0Eur\u00f3pskeho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre podvodn\u00fa archeol\u00f3giu<\/strong> p\u00f4vodne h\u013eadal d\u00f4kazy o pr\u00edtomnosti franc\u00fazskych vojnov\u00fdch lod\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa potopili koncom 18. storo\u010dia.<\/strong> Kaln\u00e9 vody sa n\u00e1ro\u010dne preh\u013ead\u00e1vali<\/strong>, preto si pot\u00e1pa\u010di pom\u00e1hali modern\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami.<\/p>\n T\u00e1to kamenn\u00e1 doska odha\u013euje, \u017ee Thonis (Egypt) a Herakleion (Gr\u00e9cko) boli rovnak\u00fdm mestom. zdroj: pinterest.com\n B\u00e1danie mal pod palcom franc\u00fazsky podmorsk\u00fd archeol\u00f3g Franck Goddio,<\/strong> v\u00a0roku 2000 sa mu podarilo rozl\u00fa\u0161ti\u0165 z\u00e1hadu dvoch miest. Na zlep\u0161enie vidite\u013enosti pod vodou pot\u00e1pa\u010di pou\u017eili \u201evodn\u00fd bager\u201c<\/strong>. Zariadenie z\u00e1sobuje motorov\u00e9 \u010derpadlo vodou, ktor\u00e1,\u00a0 je pod tlakom. Jemn\u00e1 sie\u0165ka pri otvore bagra sl\u00fa\u017ei na zbieranie drobn\u00fdch artefaktov, ktor\u00e9 pot\u00e1pa\u010d mohol prehliadnu\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n Predmety z\u00edskan\u00e9 z vykop\u00e1vok odkr\u00fdvaj\u00fa kr\u00e1su a sl\u00e1vu mesta, ve\u013ekolepos\u0165 jeho ve\u013ek\u00fdch chr\u00e1mov a mno\u017estvo historick\u00fdch d\u00f4kazov. Za zmienku stoja kolos\u00e1lne sochy, n\u00e1pisy a architektonick\u00e9 prvky, \u0161perky a mince, ritu\u00e1lne predmety a\u00a0keramika. V\u0161etky tieto pozostatky ilustruj\u00fa civiliz\u00e1ciu zamrznut\u00fa v \u010dase.<\/p>\n Nielen plod dumy mal svoje vyu\u017eitie. L\u00edstie stromu sl\u00fa\u017ei ako krytina na strechy a ich hrub\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna s\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pri tkan\u00ed. zdroj: pinterest.com\n V\u00a0roku 2021 ozn\u00e1mil t\u00edm \u201eextr\u00e9mne zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky\u201c<\/strong> sk\u00famania. Pozd\u013a\u017e severov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho vstupn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la ponoren\u00e9ho mesta na\u0161li archeol\u00f3govia pozostatky ve\u013ekej mohyly – gr\u00e9ckej pohrebnej oblasti.<\/strong> Mohyla je asi 60 metrov dlh\u00e1 a osem metrov \u0161irok\u00e1, pokryt\u00e1 honosn\u00fdmi pohrebn\u00fdmi darmi zo za\u010diatku \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho storo\u010dia pred Kristom. Medzi obetami, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148ali dov\u00e1\u017ean\u00fa luxusn\u00fa gr\u00e9cku keramiku sa nach\u00e1dzal e\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed objav. Nieko\u013eko pr\u00faten\u00fdch ko\u0161\u00edkov v\u00a0sebe ukr\u00fdvalo semen\u00e1 hrozna a\u00a0ovocia s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom duma th\u00e9bsk\u00e1.<\/strong> Rastie na dumovej palme (in\u00e9 ozna\u010denie: pern\u00edkov\u00fd strom) v\u00a0miestach severn\u00e9ho Egypta a\u00a0z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Afriky.<\/p>\n „Plody le\u017eali pod vodou nedotknut\u00e9 vy\u0161e 2400 rokov mo\u017eno preto, \u017ee boli kedysi umiestnen\u00e9 v podzemnej miestnosti alebo boli pochovan\u00e9 s neboh\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tko po tom, \u010do boli pon\u00faknut\u00e9,“<\/strong> uviedol Eur\u00f3psky in\u0161tit\u00fat pre podvodn\u00fa archeol\u00f3giu (IEASM).<\/strong> \u010cerstv\u00fd objav zlep\u0161uje predstavu o pr\u00edtomnosti gr\u00e9ckych obchodn\u00edkov a \u017eoldnierov, ktor\u00ed \u017eili v Herakleione. Gr\u00e9ci sa usadili v meste po\u010das neskor\u00e9ho fara\u00f3nskeho obdobia, n\u00e1sledkom \u010doho si postavili vlastn\u00e9 sv\u00e4tyne v bl\u00edzkosti mohutn\u00e9ho Amunovho chr\u00e1mu.<\/p>\n V druhom storo\u010d\u00ed pred na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtom \u00e9ra prest\u00ed\u017ee Thonisu postupne ustupovala<\/strong>. Alexander Ve\u013ek\u00fd zalo\u017eil Alexandriu v roku 331 pred Kristom a\u00a0netrvalo dlho, k\u00fdm sa mesto posunulo na prv\u00fa prie\u010dku najru\u0161nej\u0161ieho egyptsk\u00e9ho pr\u00edstavu.<\/strong> Mohol za to aj fakt, \u017ee z\u00e1klady na ktor\u00fdch st\u00e1l Thonis, neboli ve\u013emi bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n Koncom storo\u010dia, pravdepodobne po silnej povodni, pod\u013eahol ostrov skvapalneniu p\u00f4dy.<\/strong> Nebol viac schopn\u00fd dr\u017ea\u0165 mas\u00edvne chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 budovy a\u00a0\u00edlovit\u00e1 zemina klesla aj so stavbami na dno.<\/strong> Dod\u00e1vky keramiky a minc\u00ed sa ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo skon\u010dili, aj ke\u010f nieko\u013eko vytrval\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov nechcelo opusti\u0165 svoje domovy. Posledn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky mesta zmizli pod vodou na konci \u00f4smeho storo\u010dia.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.franckgoddio.org, www.theguardian.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 miesto pre obchod Thonis bol zalo\u017een\u00fd asi pred 2 700 rokmi na mieste s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu Abu Qir, pribli\u017ene 24 kilometrov severov\u00fdchodne od Alexandrie. Sl\u00e1vnej\u0161ie<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7415"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7415\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7415"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u00daspe\u0161n\u00e9 objavy<\/h3>\n
Zachovan\u00e9 ko\u0161e s ovoc\u00edm<\/h3>\n
Koniec prest\u00ed\u017eneho pr\u00edstavu<\/h3>\n