{"id":7418,"date":"2021-12-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zemiakovy-salat-kapor-a-kapustnica-kde-sa-vzali-tradicne-slovenske-vianocne-jedla\/"},"modified":"2021-12-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-26T23:00:00","slug":"zemiakovy-salat-kapor-a-kapustnica-kde-sa-vzali-tradicne-slovenske-vianocne-jedla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zemiakovy-salat-kapor-a-kapustnica-kde-sa-vzali-tradicne-slovenske-vianocne-jedla\/","title":{"rendered":"Zemiakov\u00fd \u0161al\u00e1t, kapor a kapustnica. Kde sa vzali tradi\u010dn\u00e9 slovensk\u00e9 viano\u010dn\u00e9 jedl\u00e1? A s\u00fa naozaj na\u0161e?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vianoce mali pre na\u0161ich predkov v\u00fdznam nielen duchovn\u00fd, ale aj <strong>magick\u00fd<\/strong>. Boli <strong>spojen\u00edm \u013eudov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva, viery v\u00a0povery a\u00a0kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva<\/strong>. Patri\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 venovali pr\u00edprave \u0161tedrej ve\u010dere, v\u00fdberu jed\u00e1l, ktor\u00e9 symbolizovali hojnos\u0165 v\u00a0rodine a\u00a0hospod\u00e1rstve. D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd bol po\u010det pokrmov, ale aj ich poradie. Z\u00a0cirkevn\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska bol <strong>\u0160tedr\u00fd de\u0148<\/strong> posledn\u00fdm p\u00f4stnym d\u0148om, aj preto najm\u00e4 r\u00edmskokatol\u00edci pripravovali ryby a\u00a0nie m\u00e4so.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Kapusta, huby, strukoviny<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Etnologi\u010dka Katar\u00edna N\u00e1dask\u00e1 pre magaz\u00edn Forbes vysvet\u013euje, \u017ee aj dnes, rovnako ako v\u00a0minulosti, sa v mnoh\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach <strong>ve\u010dera za\u010d\u00edna modlitbou, sl\u00e1vnostn\u00fdm pr\u00edpitkom a obl\u00e1tkami s medom a cesnakom.<\/strong> \u201eDrviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina rod\u00edn t\u00fato skladbu dodr\u017eiava,\u201c dop\u013a\u0148a. Pr\u00e1ve <strong>viano\u010dn\u00e9 obl\u00e1tky <\/strong>sa do \u013eudov\u00e9ho prostredia dostali prostredn\u00edctvom cirkvi.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej nasledovala polievka, ktor\u00e1 patrila k najtradi\u010dnej\u0161\u00edm slovensk\u00fdm \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fdm jedl\u00e1m. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ju na\u0161i predkovia pripravovali z kyslej kapusty, hrachu alebo fazule. V niektor\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach varili polievku zo su\u0161en\u00fdch h\u00fab alebo ovocia, popr\u00edpade kysl\u00fa obilninov\u00fa polievku. Napr\u00edklad na Z\u00e1hor\u00ed je aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 hr\u00edbov\u00e1 alebo strukovinov\u00e1 polievka.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Jedli sa nielen ryby, ale i\u00a0bobrie chvosty<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do <strong>evanjelici mohli u\u017e po\u010das \u0161tedrej ve\u010dere konzumova\u0165 m\u00e4so<\/strong> a\u00a0m\u00e4sit\u00e9 pokrmy, <strong>r\u00edmskokatol\u00edci sa cel\u00fd de\u0148 postili<\/strong>. Ke\u010f\u017ee typick\u00fdm p\u00f4stnym jedlom s\u00fa ryby, t\u00e1to trad\u00edcia sa r\u00fdchlo roz\u0161\u00edrila po celom \u00fazem\u00ed. Najsk\u00f4r sa jedli varen\u00e9 alebo <strong>nakladan\u00e9 kysl\u00e9 ryby.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u017e v druhej polovici 20. storo\u010dia sa za\u010dali k\u00fasky r\u00fdb alebo rybie fil\u00e9 vypr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 v oleji a pod\u00e1va\u0165 so zemiakmi alebo so <strong>zemiakov\u00fdm \u0161al\u00e1tom<\/strong>. Trad\u00edcia zemiakov\u00e9ho \u0161al\u00e1tu teda nie je ve\u013emi star\u00e1 a\u00a0siaha do 30. rokov 20. storo\u010dia, kedy sa v\u00a0tla\u010di objavuj\u00fa prv\u00e9 recepty.<\/p>\n Tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho vysm\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho kapra v posledn\u00fdch rokoch zo \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00e9ho stola vytl\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa in\u00e9 ryby. Zdroj ilustra\u010dn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka: pexels.com\n<p>Aj v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti mnoh\u00e9 rodiny konzumuj\u00fa rybu, hoci <strong>konkurenciou vypr\u00e1\u017ean\u00e9ho kapra je losos na masle alebo zub\u00e1\u010d<\/strong>. N\u00e1dask\u00e1 dod\u00e1va, \u017ee v\u00a0minulosti \u013eudia jedli nielen ryby, ale v\u0161etky vodn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy, napr\u00edklad <strong>bobry \u010di bobrie chvosty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pirohy a kol\u00e1\u010de<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Ani sladk\u00e9 nesmelo ch\u00fdba\u0165 na tradi\u010dnom \u0161tedrove\u010dernom stole.\u00a0 V niektor\u00fdch k\u00fatoch Slovenska sa robili <strong>rezance s makom<\/strong>, inde <strong>plnen\u00e9 varen\u00e9 pirohy zn\u00e1me ako opekance.<\/strong> Na\u0161i predkovia ich pripravovali z upe\u010den\u00fdch \u0161\u00fa\u013ekov cesta, ktor\u00e9 nal\u00e1mali alebo nakr\u00e1jali na men\u0161ie k\u00fasky, zaliali tepl\u00fdm mliekom alebo cukrovou vodou, posypali makom alebo poliali medom.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pirohy alebo rezance sa v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch pripravuj\u00fa dodnes. \u201eNa \u0161tedrove\u010dernom stole i\u00a0dnes n\u00e1jdeme m\u00fa\u010dne jedl\u00e1, zemiakov\u00e9 pirohy, na v\u00fdchodnom Slovensku takzvan\u00e9 <strong>tatar\u010dane pirohy<\/strong>, \u010di\u017ee uroben\u00e9 z poh\u00e1nky, <strong>\u0161\u00fa\u013eance<\/strong> a tak \u010falej,\u201c dod\u00e1va etnologi\u010dka.<\/p>\n Na \u0161tedrove\u010dernom stole nesmeli ch\u00fdba\u0165 m\u00fa\u010dne jedl\u00e1. Zdroj ilustra\u010dn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka: pexels,com\n<p>Gazdin\u00e9 pripravovali aj kol\u00e1\u010de r\u00f4znych tvarov. Kol\u00e1\u010dmi hostili koledn\u00edkov, rodinu, pastierov, slu\u017eobn\u00edctvo, dokonca sa u\u0161lo aj dobytku. K <strong>najtypickej\u0161\u00edm viano\u010dn\u00fdm kol\u00e1\u010dom patril \u0161tedr\u00e1k,<\/strong> zvy\u010dajne z tvarohu, orechov, lekv\u00e1ru a maku a <strong>kra\u010dun<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Kra\u010dun sa tradi\u010dne piekol na v\u00fdchode Slovenska. Cesto gazdin\u00e9 zar\u00e1bali z\u00a0m\u00faky a pramenistej vody. V strede pe\u010diva urobili jamku, do ktorej nakvapkali med. Do cesta zvykli prid\u00e1va\u0165 r\u00f4zne pr\u00edsady. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou to boli zrn\u00e1 obiln\u00edn, strukov\u00edn, \u013eanov\u00e9 a konopn\u00e9 semen\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 mali rodine zabezpe\u010di\u0165 aj v nasleduj\u00facom roku dobr\u00fa \u00farodu.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea tradi\u010dn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v, magick\u00fa silu pe\u010diva zn\u00e1sobovali i \u010fal\u0161ie plodiny primie\u0161an\u00e9 do cesta. Napr\u00edklad <strong>cesnak a petr\u017elenov\u00e1 v\u0148a\u0165 boli symbolom zdravia a ochrany pred zl\u00fdmi silami<\/strong>, <strong>\u010derven\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpky symbolom \u010derstvosti<\/strong>. Do cesta sa prid\u00e1vali aj posv\u00e4ten\u00e9 bylinky, obl\u00e1tky a sv\u00e4ten\u00e1 voda. \u013dudia v minulosti verili, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 <strong>Kra\u010duna na viano\u010dnom stole zabezpe\u010d\u00ed rodine v nasleduj\u00facom roku ka\u017edodenn\u00fd chlieb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Viera v\u00a0magick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky jed\u00e1l<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Hoci boli na\u0161i predkovia predov\u0161etk\u00fdm r\u00edmskokatol\u00edckeho vyznania, viacer\u00fdm jedl\u00e1m i\u00a0ritu\u00e1lom pripisovali magick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Doteraz sa v\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch dom\u00e1cnostiach e\u0161te st\u00e1le <strong>rozkrajuje jablko.<\/strong> Na\u0161i predkovia toti\u017e pod\u013ea jadrovn\u00edka<strong> ve\u0161tili.<\/strong> Pokia\u013e mal tvar hviezdy, \u010dakal ich hojn\u00fd rok a zdravie. Ak po prekrojen\u00ed mali jadierka tvar kr\u00ed\u017ea, neve\u0161tilo to ni\u010d dobr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Kedysi sa do k\u00fatov izby h\u00e1dzali <strong>vla\u0161sk\u00e9 orechy, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa blahobyt<\/strong>.\u00a0 Magick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky sa nepripisovali iba jedl\u00e1m, ale aj po\u010dtu chodov \u0161tedrej ve\u010dere. Skladala sa zvy\u010dajne <strong>zo siedmich alebo deviatich chodov.<\/strong> Niekde bolo dokonca zvykom jes\u0165 i<strong>ba tri s\u00fasta z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jedla<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Zvy\u0161ky alebo <strong>omrvinky \u0161tedrove\u010dern\u00fdch jed\u00e1l boli pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za posv\u00e4tn\u00e9<\/strong>. Po ve\u010deri sa d\u00e1vali hospod\u00e1rskym zvierat\u00e1m. Niekde sa nosili na povalu domu, \u010di nech\u00e1vali na stole pre du\u0161e zomrel\u00fdch predkov, alebo sa odlo\u017eili a v pr\u00edpade potreby pou\u017e\u00edvali ako lie\u010debn\u00fd magick\u00fd prostriedok.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vianoce mali pre na\u0161ich predkov v\u00fdznam nielen duchovn\u00fd, ale aj magick\u00fd. Boli spojen\u00edm \u013eudov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva, viery v\u00a0povery a\u00a0kres\u0165ansk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva. Patri\u010dn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 venovali pr\u00edprave \u0161tedrej ve\u010dere,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7418\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}