{"id":7427,"date":"2021-12-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-25T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vesmirny-teleskop-jamesa-webba-uspesne-vyletel-do-vesmiru\/"},"modified":"2021-12-26T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-25T23:00:00","slug":"vesmirny-teleskop-jamesa-webba-uspesne-vyletel-do-vesmiru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vesmirny-teleskop-jamesa-webba-uspesne-vyletel-do-vesmiru\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do je teleskop Jamesa Webba tak mimoriadny a ak\u00e9 m\u00e1 ciele? Ni\u010d menej ako vedeck\u00fa revol\u00faciu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vesm\u00edrny teleskop Jamesa Webba<\/strong> od\u0161tartoval 25. decembra o\u00a013:20 n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu <strong>na rakete Ariane 5<\/strong> z\u00a0kozmodromu Kourou vo <strong>Franc\u00fazskej Guyane<\/strong>. Teleskop v\u00a0hodnote <strong>10 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov<\/strong> sa od rakety oddelil vo v\u00fd\u0161ke pribli\u017ene 1 400 kilometrov, \u010d\u00edm za\u010dal dlho o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fa <strong>misiu na \u0161t\u00fadium ran\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru a bl\u00edzkych exoplan\u00e9t<\/strong>. E\u0161te chv\u00ed\u013eu v\u0161ak potrv\u00e1, k\u00fdm sa dostane do prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n \u0160tart rakety Ariane 5 [NASA]\n<h3>Teleskop Jamesa Webba<\/h3>\n<p>Let teleskopu na obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu trval zhruba pol hodinu a\u00a0<strong>prebehol bez probl\u00e9mov<\/strong>. Teleskop Jamesa Webba je n\u00e1stupcom Hubblovho teleskopu a\u00a0bol zostrojen\u00fd <strong>v\u00a0r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce<\/strong> medzi americkou (<strong>NASA<\/strong>), eur\u00f3pskou (<strong>ESA<\/strong>) a kanadskou (<strong>CSA<\/strong>) vesm\u00edrnou agent\u00farou.<\/p>\n<p>Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ou \u010das\u0165ou teleskopu Jamesa Webba je bezpochyby jeho <strong>6,5 metra \u0161irok\u00e9 pozl\u00e1ten\u00e9 zrkadlo<\/strong>. To je takmer tri kr\u00e1t \u0161ir\u0161ie, ako prim\u00e1rny reflektor Hubblovho teleskopu, ktor\u00fd meria 2,4 metra. Teleskop Jamesa Webba by mal by\u0165 <strong>10 a\u017e 100-kr\u00e1t citlivej\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> ako jeho predchodca. NASA tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee teleskop by bol schopn\u00fd zachyti\u0165 infra\u010derven\u00e9 svetlo vy\u017earovan\u00e9 \u010dmeliakom nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facim sa vo vzdialenosti Mesiaca od Zeme.<\/p>\n \u201eRozbalen\u00fd\u201c teleskop Jamesa Webba [NASA]\n<h3>Ciele teleskopu Jamesa Webba<\/h3>\n<p>Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00e1 optika spolu so <strong>\u0161tyrmi supercitliv\u00fdmi pr\u00edstrojmi na pozorovanie vesm\u00edru<\/strong> by mala astron\u00f3mom umo\u017eni\u0165 nahliadnu\u0165 hlb\u0161ie do vesm\u00edru ne\u017e kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm. Teleskop m\u00e1 za cie\u013e <strong>h\u013eada\u0165 svetlo z prv\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed v ranom vesm\u00edre<\/strong> a sk\u00fama\u0165 na\u0161u vlastn\u00fa slne\u010dn\u00fa s\u00fastavu, ako aj plan\u00e9ty obiehaj\u00face okolo in\u00fdch hviezd. Jedn\u00fdm s cie\u013eov misie teleskopu Jamesa Webba teda bude aj <strong>sk\u00famanie atmosf\u00e9ry vzdialen\u00fdch plan\u00e9t<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ve tieto poznatky by potom mohli vedcom pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri h\u013eadan\u00ed potenci\u00e1lne ob\u00fdvate\u013en\u00fdch plan\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<h3>Cesta vesm\u00edrom<\/h3>\n<p>Teleskop teraz smeruje na <strong>Lagrangeov bod 2<\/strong> (L2) s\u00fastavy Slnko-Zem, vzdialen\u00fd skoro <strong>1,5 mili\u00f3na kilometrov od Zeme<\/strong>. Cesta tam mu bude trva\u0165 6 mesiacov. Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich 29 dn\u00ed bude musie\u0165 teleskop vykona\u0165 e\u0161te mnoho krokov, harmonogram ktor\u00fdch NASA zverejnila na svojom webe.<\/p>\n Teleskop Jamesa Webba [NASA]\n<h3>Teleskop sa po\u010das svojej cesty bude musie\u0165 \u201erozbali\u0165\u201c<\/h3>\n<p>NASA v\u0161ak zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje, \u017ee zverejnen\u00fd <strong>pl\u00e1n je flexibiln\u00fd<\/strong> a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee sa meni\u0165. Teleskop sa po\u010das cesty bude musie\u0165 \u201e<strong>vybali\u0165<\/strong>\u201c zo zlo\u017eenej konfigur\u00e1cie. Teleskop musel letie\u0165 do vesm\u00edru zlo\u017een\u00fd, preto\u017ee je pr\u00edli\u0161 mas\u00edvny na to, aby sa zmestil na ak\u00fako\u013evek existuj\u00facu raketu v\u00a0jeho fin\u00e1lnej podobe. Ako hovor\u00ed administr\u00e1tor NASA Bill Nelson, <strong>uvies\u0165 teleskop do prev\u00e1dzkyschopn\u00e9ho stavu nebude \u013eahk\u00e9<\/strong>. Uviedol, \u017ee existuje nespo\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 musia perfektne fungova\u0165. Ver\u00ed v\u0161ak, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e1 odmena je spojen\u00e1 s\u00a0ve\u013ek\u00fdm rizikom.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm bodom v\u00a0procese rozlo\u017eenia teleskopu bude ur\u010dite nastavenie jeho prim\u00e1rneho zrkadla. Ako sme u\u017e spom\u00ednali, zrkadlo teleskopu m\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrku 6,5 metra a\u00a0sklad\u00e1 sa <strong>z\u00a018 pozl\u00e1ten\u00fdch \u0161es\u0165hrann\u00fdch segmentov<\/strong>. Jednotliv\u00e9 segmenty maj\u00fa zo zadnej strany motor\u010dek, ktor\u00fd upravuje ich zakrivenie.<\/p>\n Prim\u00e1rne zrkadlo teleskopu [NASA]\n<h3>Teplota teleskopu Jamesa Webba bude -233 \u00b0C<\/h3>\n<p>Na to aby teleskop fungoval, <strong>bude musie\u0165 schladn\u00fa\u0165 na -233 \u00b0C<\/strong>. A\u017e po vychladnut\u00ed, bude teleskop schopn\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 sn\u00edmky vzdialen\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru. Sn\u00edmky bude zachyt\u00e1va\u0165 pomocou citliv\u00fdch pr\u00edstrojov a\u00a0svojho zrkadla, ktor\u00e9 do sn\u00edma\u010da pr\u00edstrojov\u00a0smeruje infra\u010derven\u00e9 svetlo.<\/p>\n<p>Teleskop Jemsa Webba m\u00e1 \u0161tyri tak\u00e9to pr\u00edstroje: prim\u00e1rny sn\u00edma\u010d teleskopu Near-Infrared Camera (<strong>NIRCam<\/strong>), ktor\u00fd deteguje prv\u00e9 hviezdy a\u00a0galaxie, Near-Infrared Spectrograph (<strong>NIRSpec<\/strong>), ktor\u00fd informuje vedcov o fyzik\u00e1lnych vlastnostiach, chemickom zlo\u017eeni\u00ed a teplote vesm\u00edrnych telies, Mid-Infrared Instrument (<strong>MIRI<\/strong>) a Near-Infrared Imager a Slitless Spectrograph (<strong>NIRISS<\/strong>), ktor\u00fd bude pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd prim\u00e1rne na detekciu exoplan\u00e9t.<\/p>\n Teleskop Jamesa Webba na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he okolo Zeme [NASA]\n<h3>Zatia\u013e ide v\u0161etko pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu<\/h3>\n<p>Teleskop Jamesa Webba u\u017e vo vesm\u00edre vykonal nieko\u013eko \u00fakonov. Pol hodiny po \u0161tarte <strong>rozlo\u017eil svoje sol\u00e1rne panely<\/strong> a\u00a0tie\u017e vykonal <strong>65-min\u00fatov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eih raketov\u00e9ho motora<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd ho nasmeroval na bod L2. 26. decembra by mal teleskop nato\u010di\u0165 svoju vysokoziskov\u00fa ant\u00e9nu k\u00a0Zemi a\u00a0de\u0148 na to vykona\u0165 e\u0161te jeden z\u00e1\u017eih motora na spresnenie svojej trajekt\u00f3rie k\u00a0bodu L2.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li zmen\u00e1m svojej trajekt\u00f3rie mal teleskop Jamesa Webba <strong>159 litrov hydraz\u00ednu<\/strong> a 79,5 litra oxida\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dinidla na b\u00e1ze oxidu dusn\u00e9ho. Len nap\u013a\u0148anie teleskopu palivom <strong>trvalo 10 dn\u00ed<\/strong>, nako\u013eko je hydraz\u00ednov\u00e9 palivo ve\u013emi toxick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999\">Zdroje: NASA, The Verge, CNET, BBC, Space.com<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vesm\u00edrny teleskop Jamesa Webba od\u0161tartoval 25. decembra o\u00a013:20 n\u00e1\u0161ho \u010dasu na rakete Ariane 5 z\u00a0kozmodromu Kourou vo Franc\u00fazskej Guyane. Teleskop v\u00a0hodnote 10 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov sa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7427","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7427\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}