{"id":7438,"date":"2021-12-28T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/myty-a-fakty-o-schizofrenii\/"},"modified":"2021-12-28T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T23:00:00","slug":"myty-a-fakty-o-schizofrenii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/myty-a-fakty-o-schizofrenii\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fdty a fakty o schizofr\u00e9nii"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Schizofr\u00e9nia je v\u00e1\u017ena du\u0161evn\u00e1 porucha, pri ktorej<strong> \u013eudia interpretuj\u00fa realitu nenorm\u00e1lne. M\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k ur\u010ditej kombin\u00e1cii halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed, bludov a extr\u00e9mne neusporiadan\u00e9ho myslenia a spr\u00e1vania<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 zhor\u0161uj\u00fa ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 fungovanie a m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 invalidizuj\u00face.<\/p>\n<p>\u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou potrebuj\u00fa celo\u017eivotn\u00fa lie\u010dbu. V\u010dasn\u00e1 lie\u010dba m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 dosta\u0165 pr\u00edznaky pod kontrolu sk\u00f4r, ako sa vyvin\u00fa z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 komplik\u00e1cie a m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zlep\u0161i\u0165 dlhodob\u00fd v\u00fdh\u013ead.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>1.1 M\u00fdty o shcizofr\u00e9nii<\/h3>\n<h3>1.2 Sympt\u00f3my<\/h3>\n<h3>1.3 Sympt\u00f3my u dospievaj\u00facich<\/h3>\n<h3>1.4 Kedy nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra<\/h3>\n<h3>1.5 Samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a spr\u00e1vanie<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>1.1 M\u00fdty o schizofr\u00e9nii<\/h3>\n<p>Existuje nieko\u013eko m\u00fdtov alebo myln\u00fdch predst\u00e1v o schizofr\u00e9nii, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z m\u00e9di\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>#1\u00a0<\/b>\u201eSchizofr\u00e9nia znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 niekto rozdvojen\u00fa osobnos\u0165\u201c<\/strong><br \/>\nToto nie je ten pr\u00edpad. Chybn\u00fd \u00fasudok m\u00f4\u017ee poch\u00e1dza\u0165 zo skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee n\u00e1zov \u201eschizofr\u00e9nia\u201c poch\u00e1dza z dvoch gr\u00e9ckych slov, ktor\u00e9 znamenaj\u00fa \u201erozdelenie\u201c a \u201emyse\u013e\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 z <strong>naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edznakov schizofr\u00e9nie s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie a bludy, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa po\u010d\u00favanie hlasov v hlave a konanie na z\u00e1klade falo\u0161n\u00fdch presved\u010den\u00ed. Toto nie je to ist\u00e9 ako viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 porucha osobnosti<\/strong>, alebo presnej\u0161ie, disociat\u00edvna porucha identity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u010clovek so schizofr\u00e9niou nem\u00e1 dve r\u00f4zne povahy<\/strong>. Namiesto toho maj\u00fa falo\u0161n\u00e9 predstavy alebo stratili kontakt s realitou. Viacn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 porucha osobnosti spolu nes\u00favis\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>#2\u00a0<\/b>\u201eSchizofr\u00e9nia sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee s\u00fa \u013eudia n\u00e1siln\u00ed\u201c<\/strong><br \/>\nV\u00fdskum ukazuje, \u017ee len mal\u00fd po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed s touto chorobou sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 n\u00e1siln\u00fdmi. Rovnako ako sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 n\u00e1silnou mal\u00e1 men\u0161ina \u0161irokej verejnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f sa \u013eudia so schizofr\u00e9niou m\u00f4\u017eu ob\u010das <strong>spr\u00e1va\u0165 nepredv\u00eddate\u013ene, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich nie je n\u00e1siln\u00e1, najm\u00e4 ak sa lie\u010dia<\/strong>. \u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou sa \u010dastej\u0161ie st\u00e1vaj\u00fa obe\u0165ami n\u00e1silia. Je tie\u017e pravdepodobnej\u0161ie ako u zdrav\u00e1\u00fdh jedincov, \u017ee si ubl\u00ed\u017eia \u2013 <strong>miera samovr\u00e1\u017ed u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou je vysok\u00e1<\/strong>. Samotn\u00e1 porucha \u010dloveka nerob\u00ed fyzicky agres\u00edvnym.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>#3 <\/b><strong>\u201ePr\u00ed\u010dinou je zl\u00e9 rodi\u010dovstvo. \u010casto s\u00fa obvi\u0148ovan\u00e9 najm\u00e4 matky.&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ale schizofr\u00e9nia je du\u0161evn\u00e1 choroba! M\u00e1 mnoho pr\u00ed\u010din, vr\u00e1tane <strong>g\u00e9nov, traumy a zneu\u017e\u00edvania drog. Chyby, ktor\u00fdch sa ako rodi\u010d dopust\u00edte, nesp\u00f4sobia v\u00e1\u0161mu die\u0165a\u0165u schizofr\u00e9niu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>#4 <strong>&quot;<\/strong><\/b><strong>Ak m\u00e1 rodi\u010d schizofr\u00e9niu, dostanete ju tie\u017e.&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00e9ny zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00falohu, ale to, \u017ee jeden z va\u0161ich rodi\u010dov m\u00e1 t\u00fato du\u0161evn\u00fa chorobu, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ste predur\u010den\u00ed ju dosta\u0165. M\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 o nie\u010do vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko, ale vedci si nemyslia, \u017ee g\u00e9ny s\u00fa jedinou pr\u00ed\u010dinou. Ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00edrusy, nedostatok v\u00fd\u017eivy pred naroden\u00edm a \u010fal\u0161ie faktory zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u00falohu pri zap\u00ednan\u00ed g\u00e9nov.<\/p>\n<p>Ak m\u00e1 <strong>jeden z rodi\u010dov schizofr\u00e9niu, va\u0161e riziko, \u017ee dostanete t\u00fato chorobu, je asi 10%<\/strong>. Ak m\u00e1te viac ako jedn\u00e9ho \u010dlena rodiny s t\u00fdmto ochoren\u00edm, riziko sa zvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (schizofr\u00e9nia). Zdroj: blogs.jpmsonline.com\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>1.2 Sympt\u00f3my<\/h3>\n<p>Schizofr\u00e9nia zah\u0155\u0148a cel\u00fd rad probl\u00e9mov s myslen\u00edm, spr\u00e1van\u00edm a em\u00f3ciami. Pr\u00edznaky a sympt\u00f3my sa m\u00f4\u017eu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165, ale zvy\u010dajne zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa bludy, halucin\u00e1cie alebo dezorganizovan\u00fa re\u010d a odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa zhor\u0161en\u00fa schopnos\u0165 fungova\u0165 v be\u017enom \u017eivote.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sympt\u00f3my m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bludy<\/strong> &#8211; s\u00fa to falo\u0161n\u00e9 presved\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na realite. Napr\u00edklad si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee <strong>v\u00e1m ubli\u017euj\u00fa alebo \u017ee v\u00e1s ob\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa, ur\u010dit\u00e9 gest\u00e1 alebo koment\u00e1re s\u00fa namieren\u00e9 proti v\u00e1m, m\u00e1te v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti<\/strong> alebo sl\u00e1vu alebo sa chyst\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e1 katastrofa.<strong> U v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou sa vyskytuj\u00fa bludy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Halucin\u00e1cie<\/strong> &#8211; tie zvy\u010dajne zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa <strong>videnie alebo po\u010dutie vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 neexistuj\u00fa<\/strong>. Pre \u010dloveka so schizofr\u00e9niou v\u0161ak maj\u00fa pln\u00fa silu a dopad norm\u00e1lnej sk\u00fasenosti. Halucin\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 ktor\u00fdko\u013evek zo zmyslov, ale <strong>po\u010d\u00favanie hlasov je naj\u010dastej\u0161ou halucin\u00e1ciou<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dezorganizovan\u00e9 myslenie\/re\u010d<\/strong> &#8211; dezorganizovan\u00e9 myslenie sa odvodzuje z dezorganizovanej re\u010di. Efekt\u00edvna komunik\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 naru\u0161en\u00e1 a odpovede na ot\u00e1zky m\u00f4\u017eu \u010diasto\u010dne alebo \u00faplne nes\u00favisie\u0165. Zriedkavo m\u00f4\u017ee re\u010d zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 skladanie nezmyseln\u00fdch slov, ktor\u00fdm nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozumie\u0165.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Extr\u00e9mne dezorganizovan\u00e9 alebo abnorm\u00e1lne motorick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie <\/strong>&#8211; to sa m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165 mnoh\u00fdmi sp\u00f4sobmi, od detskej hl\u00faposti a\u017e po nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 vzru\u0161enie. Spr\u00e1vanie m\u00f4\u017ee zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 <strong>odpor vo\u010di pokynom, nevhodn\u00e9 alebo bizarn\u00e9 dr\u017eanie tela, \u00fapln\u00fd nedostatok reakcie alebo zbyto\u010dn\u00fd a nadmern\u00fd pohyb<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Negat\u00edvne sympt\u00f3my<\/strong> &#8211; to sa t\u00fdka zn\u00ed\u017eenej alebo ch\u00fdbaj\u00facej schopnosti norm\u00e1lneho fungovania. Osoba m\u00f4\u017ee napr\u00edklad <strong>zanedb\u00e1va\u0165 osobn\u00fa hygienu alebo sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee nem\u00e1 em\u00f3cie<\/strong> (nevytv\u00e1ra o\u010dn\u00fd kontakt, nemen\u00ed v\u00fdrazy tv\u00e1re alebo hovor\u00ed monot\u00f3nne). Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017ee<strong> \u010dlovek strati\u0165 z\u00e1ujem o ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 aktivity, m\u00f4\u017ee sa spolo\u010densky stiahnu\u0165 alebo mu ch\u00fdba schopnos\u0165 pre\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pote\u0161enie<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ilstra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (schizofr\u00e9nia). Zdroj: psychiatristjaipur.com\n<p>Sympt\u00f3my sa <strong>m\u00f4\u017eu v priebehu \u010dasu l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 v type a z\u00e1va\u017enosti, s obdobiami zhor\u0161enia a \u00fastupu sympt\u00f3mov. Niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u017edy pr\u00edtomn\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>U mu\u017eov sa sympt\u00f3my schizofr\u00e9nie zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa od za\u010diatku do polovice 20. rokov. U \u017eien sa pr\u00edznaky zvy\u010dajne za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa koncom 20.rokov. Je <strong>nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, aby boli diagnostikovan\u00e9 deti \u00a0so schizofr\u00e9niou a tie\u017e je to zriedkav\u00e9 u \u013eud\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch ako 45 rokov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>1.3 Sympt\u00f3my u dospievaj\u00facich<\/h3>\n<p>Sympt\u00f3my schizofr\u00e9nie u dospievaj\u00facich s\u00fa podobn\u00e9 ako u dospel\u00fdch, ale tento stav m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie rozpozna\u0165. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dne preto, \u017ee <strong>niektor\u00e9 skor\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky schizofr\u00e9nie u dospievaj\u00facich s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 pre typick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj po\u010das dospievaj\u00facich rokov,<\/strong> ako napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Odtiahnutie sa od priate\u013eov a rodiny<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Pokles v\u00fdkonu v \u0161kole<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Probl\u00e9my so sp\u00e1nkom<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Podr\u00e1\u017edenos\u0165 alebo depres\u00edvna n\u00e1lada<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Nedostatok motiv\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tie\u017e rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie l\u00e1tok, ako je marihuana, metamfetam\u00edny alebo LSD, m\u00f4\u017ee niekedy sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 podobn\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky a sympt\u00f3my<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V <strong>porovnan\u00ed s pr\u00edznakmi schizofr\u00e9nie u dospel\u00fdch<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 dospievaj\u00faci:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Menej pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bud\u00fa ma\u0165 bludy<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>S v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bud\u00fa ma\u0165 vizu\u00e1lne halucin\u00e1cie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia (mu\u017e so schizofr\u00e9niou). Zdroj: davidmmasters.com\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>1.4 Kedy nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra<\/h3>\n<p>\u013dudia so schizofr\u00e9niou si <strong>\u010dasto neuvedomuj\u00fa, \u017ee ich \u0165a\u017ekosti pramenia z du\u0161evnej poruchy, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje lek\u00e1rsku pomoc<\/strong>. Preto je \u010dasto \u00falohou rodiny alebo priate\u013eov, aby im pomohli.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pomoc niekomu, kto m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 schizofr\u00e9niu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee niekto, <strong>koho pozn\u00e1te, m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 pr\u00edznaky schizofr\u00e9nie, porozpr\u00e1vajte sa s n\u00edm<\/strong> o svojich obav\u00e1ch. Hoci nem\u00f4\u017eete niekoho prin\u00fati\u0165, aby vyh\u013eadal odborn\u00fa pomoc, <strong>m\u00f4\u017eete pon\u00faknu\u0165 povzbudenie a podporu a pom\u00f4c\u0165 svojmu bl\u00edzkemu n\u00e1js\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00e9ho lek\u00e1ra alebo odborn\u00edka na du\u0161evn\u00e9 zdravie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Ak va\u0161a milovan\u00e1 osoba predstavuje <strong>nebezpe\u010denstvo pre seba alebo in\u00fdch alebo si nem\u00f4\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165 jedlo, oble\u010denie alebo pr\u00edstre\u0161ie, mo\u017eno budete musie\u0165 zavola\u0165 z\u00e1chran\u00e1rov<\/strong> alebo in\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov a po\u017eiada\u0165 o pomoc, aby va\u0161u milovan\u00fa osobu mohol pos\u00fadi\u0165 du\u0161evn\u00fd zdravotn\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e1 n\u00fadzov\u00e1 hospitaliz\u00e1cia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>1.5 Samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a spr\u00e1vanie<\/h3>\n<p>Samovra\u017eedn\u00e9 my\u0161lienky a spr\u00e1vanie s\u00fa u \u013eud\u00ed so schizofr\u00e9niou be\u017en\u00e9. Ak m\u00e1te bl\u00edzkeho, ktor\u00e9mu<strong> hroz\u00ed pokus o samovra\u017edu alebo sa o\u0148 pok\u00fasil, zaistite, aby s n\u00edm niekto zostal<\/strong>. Okam\u017eite <strong>zavolajte z\u00e1chran\u00e1rov alebo na miestne ties\u0148ov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/strong>. Ak si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017eete urobi\u0165 bezpe\u010dne, vezmite osobu na pohotovos\u0165 do najbli\u017e\u0161ej nemocnice.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Schizofr\u00e9nia je v\u00e1\u017ena du\u0161evn\u00e1 porucha, pri ktorej \u013eudia interpretuj\u00fa realitu nenorm\u00e1lne. M\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k ur\u010ditej kombin\u00e1cii halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed, bludov a extr\u00e9mne neusporiadan\u00e9ho myslenia a spr\u00e1vania, ktor\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7438"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7438\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}