{"id":7482,"date":"2022-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/10-stredovekych-popravnych-metod-ktore-su-definiciou-krutosti\/"},"modified":"2022-01-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-24T23:00:00","slug":"10-stredovekych-popravnych-metod-ktore-su-definiciou-krutosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/10-stredovekych-popravnych-metod-ktore-su-definiciou-krutosti\/","title":{"rendered":"10 stredovek\u00fdch popravn\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa defin\u00edciou krutosti"},"content":{"rendered":"

10 stredovek\u00fdch popravn\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa defin\u00edciou krutosti<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Stredovek\u00e1 poprava bola hroziv\u00e1 vyhliadka bolesti, potupy a smrti. Po\u010das stredoveku sa nev\u00fdslovnej krutosti trestu smrti vyrovnala iba kreativita techn\u00edk mu\u010denia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

R\u00f4zne \u00farovne bolesti a typy popr\u00e1v boli v\u00e4z\u0148om sp\u00f4sobovan\u00e9 v z\u00e1vislosti od povahy a z\u00e1va\u017enosti ich zlo\u010dinu<\/strong>.
\nStredovek\u00e9 obdobie medzi p\u00e1dom R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161e a za\u010diatkom renesancie trvalo asi 1000 rokov. V tom \u010dase boli pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 met\u00f3dy mu\u010denia vskutku ne\u013eudsk\u00fdch rozmerov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

These brut\u00e1lne met\u00f3dy mali odradi\u0165 zlo\u010dincov<\/strong>, no nie v\u017edy boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9. \u00a0Mu\u010denie sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvalo ako sp\u00f4sob z\u00edskavania d\u00f4kazov a inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, a verejn\u00e1 poprava sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvala ako varovanie, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo in\u00fdm v p\u00e1chan\u00ed zlo\u010dinov.<\/p>\n

V\u00e4z\u0148om neboli udelen\u00e9 \u017eiadne pr\u00e1va, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148ovalo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 a \u00faplne neregulovan\u00e9 mu\u010denie a popravy<\/strong>.\u00a0Napriek obludnej povahe t\u00fdchto procesov, boli popravy \u010dasto verejn\u00e9 a nav\u0161tevovali ich ve\u013ek\u00e9, posmievaj\u00face sa davy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Najbe\u017enej\u0161ie typy stredovek\u00fdch popr\u00e1v<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. S\u0165atie hlavy<\/h3>\n

Verte tomu alebo nie, s\u0165atie hlavy bolo v stredoveku pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za jeden z naj\u010destnej\u0161\u00edch a najmenej bolestiv\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov popravy<\/strong>. Ak by sa pou\u017eila dostato\u010dne ostr\u00e1 sekera, \u010dlovek mohol by\u0165 dekapitovan\u00fd jedn\u00fdm r\u00fdchlym \u00faderom<\/strong>, \u010do umo\u017enilo okam\u017eit\u00fa smr\u0165. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu bolo s\u0165atie hlavy \u010dasto vyhraden\u00e9 pre \u0161\u013eachticov, rytierov dokonca aj pre kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fa rodinu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Poprava Hugha Despensera mlad\u0161ieho. Zdroj: en.wikipedia.org\n

2. Obesenie, obtiahnutie a roz\u0161tvrtenie<\/h3>\n

Obesenie, obtiahnutie a roz\u0161tvrtenie bol trest, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edval najm\u00e4 v Anglicku, pre mu\u017eov uznan\u00fdch vinn\u00fdmi z vlastizrady<\/strong>. T\u00e1to forma popravy je pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za jednu z najbrut\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00edch met\u00f3d v histo\u0155i\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e4ze\u0148 bol obesen\u00fd za krk na kr\u00e1tky \u010das a potom ho ulo\u017eili na dreven\u00fa latu, kde sa za\u010dal odohr\u00e1va\u0165 krut\u00fd cirkus.<\/p>\n

E\u0161te \u017eiv\u00e1 obe\u0165 bola rozrezan\u00e1 v bru\u0161nej dutine a odstr\u00e1nili \u00a0jej \u010drev\u00e1 a pohlavn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny<\/strong>. Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 org\u00e1ny sa sp\u00e1lili v plameni pripravenom v bl\u00edzkosti v\u00e4z\u0148a. Obeti odrezali hlavu a zvy\u0161ok tela roz\u0161tvrtili na \u0161tyri \u010dasti. P\u00e4\u0165 \u010dast\u00ed tela (\u0161tyri \u0161tvrtiny tela a hlava) sa zvy\u010dajne vystavovali na verejnosti v r\u00f4znych \u010dastiach mesta, aby sa odradili pr\u00edpadn\u00ed zradcovia, ktor\u00ed popravu nevideli.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Johanka z Arku up\u00e1len\u00e1 na hranici 30. m\u00e1ja 1431. Zdroj: britannica.com\n

3. Up\u00e1lenie<\/h3>\n

By\u0165 \u201eup\u00e1len\u00fd na hranici\u201c bolo be\u017en\u00fdm typom popravy a \u010dasto sa ude\u013eoval \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed sa pova\u017eovali za kac\u00edrov alebo \u010darodejnice<\/strong>. Prip\u00fatan\u00e9 na dreven\u00fd k\u00f4l a obklopen\u00e9 kon\u00e1rmi sa potom zap\u00e1lili a pomaly zhoreli za\u017eiva.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

4. Drvenie<\/h3>\n

Stredovek\u00e9 drvenie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvalo ako mu\u010denie, ale aj na popravu<\/strong>, zah\u0155\u0148alo umiestnenie hlavy obvinen\u00e9ho do zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 pomaly rozdrvilo vrch a boky hlavy dohromady. Nakoniec vysko\u010dili o\u010di, praskla lebka<\/strong> a zlomil sa krk.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina obet\u00ed bola uvaren\u00e1 vo vode, hoci t\u00e1to stredovek\u00e1 met\u00f3da popravy niekedy zah\u0155\u0148ala hor\u00faci olej alebo v\u00edno. Zdroj: allthatsinteresting.com\n

5. Uvarenie na smr\u0165<\/h3>\n

Uvarenie na smr\u0165 bolo zvy\u010dajne vyhraden\u00e9 pre travi\u010dov a fal\u0161ovate\u013eov minc\u00ed. I\u0161lo o hodenie do kotla s vriacou vodou alebo olejom a obvinen\u00fd sa pomaly „uvaril“<\/strong> na smr\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6. Napichovanie<\/h3>\n

Ako u\u017e n\u00e1zov napoved\u00e1, stredovek\u00e9 napichovanie znamenalo nabodnutie (alebo prepichnutie) ve\u013ek\u00fdm ostr\u00fdm predmetom, takzvan\u00fdm hrotom<\/strong>, ako je kovov\u00e1 kopija alebo \u017er\u010f, a ponechanie v\u00e4z\u0148a na smr\u0165. Tento telesn\u00fd trest bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za jednu z naj\u0161okuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch verejn\u00fdch foriem popr\u00e1v a \u010dasto sa ude\u013eoval podozriv\u00fdm \u010darodejn\u00edkom, \u017een\u00e1m uznan\u00fdm vinn\u00fdmi z vr\u00e1\u017ed novorodencov a zneu\u017e\u00edvania det\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

7. Obesenie<\/h3>\n

Jedna z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch foriem popravy, tradi\u010dn\u00e9 obesenie, bolo v stredoveku st\u00e1le ve\u013emi be\u017en\u00e9. \u010clovek mohol by\u0165 obesen\u00fd z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov a taktie\u017e bola \u0161irok\u00e1 aj spolo\u010densk\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la tohto trestu – od mal\u00e9ho zlodeja a\u017e po v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho \u0161\u013eachtica. Existovalo viacero foriem, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enili r\u00fdchlu smr\u0165, ale jednoduch\u00e9 „tradi\u010dn\u00e9“ obesenie mohlo trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko min\u00fat (niekedy aj dlh\u0161ie), k\u00fdm obvinen\u00fd zomrel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n Smr\u0165 p\u00edlen\u00edm. Zdroj: dicotd.wordpress.com\n

8. P\u00edlenie<\/h3>\n

P\u00edlenie je presne tak\u00e9, ako to znie. Obe\u0165 bola zavesen\u00e1 hore nohami a pomaly rozrezan\u00e1 na polovicu<\/strong>. Ak by sa rozrezala \u00faplne, zomrela by, a preto bola obe\u0165 \u00a0\u010dasto rozrezan\u00e1 iba po \u017eal\u00fadok a ponechan\u00e1 na pospas pomal\u00e9mu umierniu, ktor\u00e9 mohlo trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

9. Ukri\u017eovanie<\/h3>\n

Odhliadn\u00fac od „pomp\u00e9znych“ za\u010diatkov v biblick\u00fdch \u010dasoch, sa ukri\u017eovanie vykon\u00e1valo aj v celej stredovekej Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong>. Ukri\u017eovanie znamenalo pribi\u0165 \u010dloveka na kr\u00ed\u017e rukami a nohami, a necha\u0165 ho tam, k\u00fdm nezomrie. Ve\u013emi zd\u013ahav\u00fd a samozrejme bolestiv\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u00famrtia, mohol trva\u0165 dni a dokonca a\u017e t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148<\/strong>, k\u00fdm nastane smr\u0165.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Typ popravy – koleso. Zdroj: historyanswers.co.uk\n

10. Koleso<\/h3>\n

Koleso alebo aj katar\u00ednske koleso, zah\u0155\u0148alo postupn\u00e9 l\u00e1manie kon\u010dat\u00edn obete<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do bola prip\u00fatan\u00e1 na koleso a potom ponechan\u00e1 zomrie\u0165. Taktie\u017e ve\u013emi bolestiv\u00fd a krut\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u00famrtia, a tak\u00e1to forma popravy mohla trva\u0165 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, k\u00fdm \u010dlovek zomrel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

10 stredovek\u00fdch popravn\u00fdch met\u00f3d, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa defin\u00edciou krutosti   Stredovek\u00e1 poprava bola hroziv\u00e1 vyhliadka bolesti, potupy a smrti. Po\u010das stredoveku sa nev\u00fdslovnej krutosti trestu smrti<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}