{"id":7494,"date":"2022-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/polsko-ako-ho-nepoznate-literarna-supervelmoc\/"},"modified":"2022-01-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-26T23:00:00","slug":"polsko-ako-ho-nepoznate-literarna-supervelmoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/polsko-ako-ho-nepoznate-literarna-supervelmoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u013esko ako ho nepozn\u00e1te: liter\u00e1rna superve\u013emoc"},"content":{"rendered":"Liter\u00e1rna superve\u013emoc z V\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py (Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 foto: Jaredd Craig)\n<p>Dejiny po\u013eskej literat\u00fary s\u00fa jedny z <strong>najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch<\/strong>. A v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je po\u013esk\u00fd liter\u00e1rny trh jedn\u00fdm z <strong>najdynamickej\u0161\u00edch v Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 fakty<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Po\u013esk\u00e1 \u0161kola report\u00e1\u017ee<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Po\u013esk\u00e1 literat\u00fara faktu, ktor\u00fa presl\u00e1vil Kapu\u015bci\u0144ski, sa \u010dasto pova\u017euje za <strong>n\u00e1rodn\u00fa \u0161pecialitu<\/strong>.\u00a0Jednou z vlastnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00fa za charakteristick\u00e9 pre po\u013esk\u00fa report\u00e1\u017e, je z\u00e1\u013euba <strong>v miestach a udalostiach, ktor\u00e9 sa zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 ban\u00e1lne<\/strong>, ale ktor\u00e9 odha\u013euj\u00fa detaily. Ved\u00face osobnosti po\u013eskej report\u00e1\u017ee boli kv\u00f4li cenz\u00fare n\u00faten\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kamufl\u00e1\u017e. \u010clovek nemohol priamo zdie\u013ea\u0165 svoje n\u00e1zory tak, ako ich c\u00edtil, nemohol poukazova\u0165 na zlo pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v syst\u00e9me. Pravda sa nedala re\u00e1lne prezentova\u0165. Ke\u010f\u017ee bolo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 kritizova\u0165 syst\u00e9m ako celok, report\u00e9ri sa zameriavali na <strong>osudy jednotlivcov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd mu\u017e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Po\u013esk\u00fa literat\u00faru takmer s\u00e1m vyzdvihol na neb\u00fdval\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 Jan Kochanowski (1530-1584). Jeho liter\u00e1rny jazyk bol na svoju dobu ve\u013emi vyspel\u00fd a s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00ed \u010ditatelia mu rozumej\u00fa aj po vy\u0161e 450 rokoch.\u00a0<em><strong>Kochanowsk\u00e9ho Lamenty<\/strong><\/em>, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsal po smrti svojej dc\u00e9ry Ur\u0161uly, sa pova\u017euj\u00fa za <strong>jedno z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch diel eur\u00f3pskej renesan\u010dnej literat\u00fary<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Najlep\u0161\u00ed latinsk\u00fd b\u00e1snik<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Latin\u010dina bola jazykom literat\u00fary a vysokej kult\u00fary a\u017e do novoveku. Poliaci boli pova\u017eovan\u00ed za <strong>majstrov re\u010dn\u00edkov a b\u00e1snikov v tomto jazyku<\/strong>. <strong>Sarbiewski<\/strong> (pseudonym Sarbievius) bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za najlep\u0161ieho latinsk\u00e9ho b\u00e1snika od \u010dias <strong>Hor\u00e1cia <\/strong>(10 p.n.l).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Makar\u00f3n\u010dina<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>T\u00e1to zvl\u00e1\u0161tna zmes latin\u010diny a pol\u0161tiny bola tak\u00e1 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1, \u017ee sa niekedy naz\u00fdvala <strong><em>tret\u00edm jazykom Poliakov<\/em> <\/strong>(druh\u00fdm bola latin\u010dina). Touto makar\u00f3n\u010dinou sa hovorilo na politick\u00fdch zhroma\u017edeniach, s\u00fadnych tribun\u00e1loch, ale aj v \u0161kol\u00e1ch a na kr\u00e1\u013eovskom dvore.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Po\u013esk\u00e1 literat\u00fara vznikala hlavne mimo Po\u013eska<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch diel boli nap\u00edsan\u00e9 mimo Po\u013eska. Rozdelenie krajiny koncom 18. storo\u010dia, n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 povstania v 19. storo\u010d\u00ed a druh\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 vojna so svojimi brut\u00e1lnymi d\u00f4sledkami vyvolali nieko\u013eko mas\u00edvnych emigra\u010dn\u00fdch v\u013an (a deport\u00e1ci\u00ed).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Svedectv\u00e1 holokaustu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Po\u013esk\u00e1 literat\u00fara bola jednou z prv\u00fdch, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala mo\u017enosti zobrazenia reality druhej svetovej vojny a holokaustu. Medail\u00f3ny<strong> Zofie Na\u0142kowskej<\/strong> (1946) a kniha<strong> Tadeusza Borowsk\u00e9ho<\/strong> patria k prv\u00fdm a najdesivej\u0161\u00edm svedectv\u00e1m o holokauste.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Kamil Ba\u0142uk | The Polish School of Reportage\/All of Louis&#039;s Children | True Stories Conference 2018\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qjDmVbwnS_Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Liter\u00e1rna superve\u013emoc<\/h3>\n<p>Od zalo\u017eenia Nobelovej ceny za literat\u00faru z\u00edskalo Po\u013esko<strong> 5 Nobelov\u00fdch cien<\/strong>. Od konca roka 2019 je <strong>Po\u013esko na 8. mieste v celkovom zozname nosite\u013eov Nobelovej ceny pod\u013ea kraj\u00edn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz<\/strong> dostal cenu za dielo<strong>\u00a0Potopa (Potop)<\/strong>. T\u00e1to historick\u00e1 tril\u00f3gia sa odohr\u00e1va v 17. storo\u010d\u00ed, v Po\u013esku po\u010das ve\u013ek\u00fdch politick\u00fdch nepokojov. A stala sa ve\u013ek\u00fdm zdrojom vlasteneckej n\u00e1deje.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1924:<\/strong> Zauj\u00edmavos\u0165ou je, \u017ee jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch s\u00faperov <strong>W\u0142adys\u0142awa Reymonta<\/strong> v boji o Nobelovu cenu bol takisto po\u013esk\u00fd spisovate\u013e <strong>Stefan \u017beromski<\/strong>. Porota nakoniec ocenila rom\u00e1n<em><strong> Chlapi (v origin\u00e1li Ch\u0142opi)<\/strong><\/em>. Tento \u0161tvorzv\u00e4zkov\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00fd epos zobrazuje jeden rok \u017eivota ro\u013en\u00edkov \u017eij\u00facich v malej dedine v Po\u013esku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1980: Czes\u0142aw Mi\u0142osz<\/strong> a jeho zisk Nobelovej ceny mali politick\u00fd charakter. Z\u00e1pad sa sna\u017eil touto cenou podpori\u0165 politick\u00e9 zmeny v sovietskom bloku.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1996: Wis\u0142awa Szymborska<\/strong> bola ocenen\u00e1 za po\u00e9ziu. Jej diela sa zameriavaj\u00fa na ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 tr\u00e1penia a z\u00fafalstvo, ktor\u00e9 pod\u00e1va prate\u013eskou a ironickou formou.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2018: Olga Tokarczuk<\/strong> z\u00edskala cenu za dielo <em><strong>Bieguni (Flights). <\/strong><\/em>P\u00f4vodn\u00fd po\u013esk\u00fd n\u00e1zov odkazuje na sektu ute\u010dencov (bieguni), ktor\u00ed veria, \u017ee <strong>by\u0165 v neust\u00e1lom pohybe je trik, ako sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 zlu<\/strong>. Rom\u00e1n sa odohr\u00e1va medzi 17. a 21. storo\u010d\u00edm. Je to filozofick\u00e1 \u00favaha o s\u00fa\u010dasnom cestovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">BREAKING NEWS:<br \/>The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018 is awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk. The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 is awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke.<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/NobelPrize?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">#NobelPrize<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/CeKNz1oTSB\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/CeKNz1oTSB<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/NobelPrize\/status\/1182249645692588034?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">October 10, 2019<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u010co hovoria klasick\u00e9 diela o Po\u013esku?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>William Shakespeare, Hamlet (1599-1602)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zmienka o Po\u013esku v tomto diele hovor\u00ed o vtedaj\u0161\u00edch kult\u00farnych stereotypoch. Predstavuje t\u00fato krajinu ako ve\u010dne zamrznut\u00e9 vzdialen\u00e9 v\u00fdchodoeur\u00f3pske kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo. V skuto\u010dnosti sa v\u00edzia Poliakov jazdiacich na saniach v \u013eadovej krajine uk\u00e1zala ako dos\u0165 popul\u00e1rna, preto\u017ee mnoh\u00ed z t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa dobre nevyznaj\u00fa v geografii stredov\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3py, si st\u00e1le myslia, \u017ee Po\u013esko je krajina, kde sa pohybuj\u00fa aj \u013eadov\u00e9 medvede.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Heinrich Heine, Spomienky p\u00e1na Schnabelewopsk\u00e9ho (1831)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00e1zov aj dej tejto knihy vych\u00e1dza z \u010fal\u0161ieho stereotypu o Poliakoch. Nemeck\u00fd romantik Heine sa pohr\u00e1va s vtipn\u00fdmi a ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017eko vyslovite\u013en\u00fdmi po\u013esk\u00fdmi menami.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Jules Verne, 20,000 metrov pod morom (1870)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O\u010di verejnosti sa op\u00e4\u0165 upriamili na Po\u013esko v roku 1863, ke\u010f Poliaci bojovali proti Rusk\u00e9mu imp\u00e9riu vo vojne. T\u00e1to udalos\u0165 \u00fadajne urobila ve\u013ek\u00fd dojem aj na legend\u00e1rneho spisovate\u013ea Julesa Verna. Franc\u00fazsky autor si dokonca p\u00f4vodne predstavoval kapit\u00e1na Nema ako <strong>po\u013esk\u00e9ho povstalca<\/strong>. V ranom n\u00e1\u010drte rom\u00e1nu bol Nemo Poliak, ktor\u00fd sa chcel pomsti\u0165 Rusom po tom, \u010do mu vyvra\u017edili alebo vyhnali na Sib\u00edr v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu rodiny. Av\u0161ak <strong>vydavatelia Verneov\u00fdch diel sa ob\u00e1vali vplyvn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch kruhov v Par\u00ed\u017ei<\/strong>. Preto presved\u010dili Verna, aby zmenil p\u00f4vod kapit\u00e1na Nema. Nakoniec sa z kapit\u00e1na Nema stal <strong>indick\u00fd princ<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa vzb\u00faril proti Angli\u010danom.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/realsardonicus\/status\/1211808305003343872?lang=bn\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/realsardonicus\/status\/1211808305003343872?lang=bn<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: Culture.pl<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dejiny po\u013eskej literat\u00fary s\u00fa jedny z najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch. A v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je po\u013esk\u00fd liter\u00e1rny trh jedn\u00fdm z najdynamickej\u0161\u00edch v Eur\u00f3pe. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 fakty Po\u013esk\u00e1 \u0161kola report\u00e1\u017ee Po\u013esk\u00e1<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7494"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7494\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}