{"id":7502,"date":"2022-01-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/kde-stretnete-v-europe-zraloka-a-kam-radsej-nechodit\/"},"modified":"2022-01-29T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-28T23:00:00","slug":"kde-stretnete-v-europe-zraloka-a-kam-radsej-nechodit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/kde-stretnete-v-europe-zraloka-a-kam-radsej-nechodit\/","title":{"rendered":"Kde v Eur\u00f3pe stretnete \u017eraloka a kam rad\u0161ej nechodi\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017eno v\u00e1s prekvap\u00ed, \u017ee v Stredozemnom mori \u017eije a\u017e neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 47 druhov<\/strong> \u017eralokov! Mierne vody Stredomoria pln\u00e9 r\u00fdb z neho robia ide\u00e1lne miesto na lov pre r\u00f4zne druhy \u017eralokov. A \u010do viac, na vodnej ploche s rozlohou 2,5 mili\u00f3na \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch kilometrov je skuto\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo r\u00f4znych biotopov<\/strong>, od pieso\u010dnat\u00fdch z\u00e1tok cez skaln\u00e9 \u00fatesy a\u017e po koralov\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Nevyprovokovan\u00e9 \u00fatoky \u017eralokov v Eur\u00f3pe od roku 1900. Zdroj: thesun.co.uk\n

Iba 15 zo 47 druhov \u017eralokov je tu pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch pre \u013eud\u00ed, a z t\u00fdchto 15 s\u00fa niektor\u00ed obyvatelia hlbokomorsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, s ktor\u00fdmi sa \u017eiadny n\u00e1hodn\u00fd plavec pravdepodobne nikdy nestretne<\/strong>. Navy\u0161e, niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa tak\u00e9 vz\u00e1cne, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd vedec z tohto fachu by povedal, \u017ee by ste mali ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0161\u0165astie, keby ste ich niekedy videli!<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 druhy \u017eralokov s\u00fa st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cnej\u0161ie. Po\u010dty popul\u00e1cie \u017eralokov na celom svete klesaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku nadmern\u00e9ho rybolovu a ni\u010denia biotopov<\/strong>, glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania a zne\u010distenia vody. Aktu\u00e1lne je viac ako polovica druhov v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozen\u00e1 a \u017eraloky v Stredozemnom mori s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za najohrozenej\u0161ie<\/strong> zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie druhy v Eur\u00f3pe<\/h3>\n

\n\u017dralok modr\u00fd<\/h3>\n

\u017dralok modr\u00fd je jedn\u00fdm z najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch \u017eralokov v Stredozemnom mori<\/strong>. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa hlb\u0161iu, mierne chladnej\u0161iu vodu, a bl\u00edzko pobre\u017eia sa odv\u00e1\u017eia iba ve\u013emi mlad\u00ed, straten\u00ed, chor\u00ed alebo zranen\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Modr\u00e9 \u017eraloky maj\u00fa tendenciu vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 obavy kv\u00f4li svojej ve\u013ekosti, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 a\u017e okolo neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 3 metrov<\/strong>! \u00a0V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa pomerne pravideln\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy o pozorovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto obrov na pl\u00e1\u017each v \u0160panielsku, Franc\u00fazsku (najm\u00e4 na Korzike) a Gr\u00e9cku<\/strong>, a v posledn\u00fdch rokoch do\u0161lo k viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm z\u00e1kazom k\u00fapania<\/strong> kv\u00f4li t\u00fdmto \u017eralokom.<\/p>\n

Smrte\u013en\u00e9 \u00fatoky s\u00fa extr\u00e9mne zriedkav\u00e9 – k jedn\u00e9mu z m\u00e1la zdokumentovan\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov \u00fatoku \u017eraloka modr\u00e9ho v Stredozemnom mori do\u0161lo v roku 2016, ke\u010f \u017eralok pohr\u00fdzol mu\u017ea do ruky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Na sn\u00edmke Juana Oliphanta z 15. janu\u00e1ra 2019 pl\u00e1ve pot\u00e1pa\u010dka a morsk\u00e1 v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka Ocean Ramseyov\u00e1 pri najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om doteraz pozorovanom modrom \u017eralokovi pri pobre\u017e\u00ed havajsk\u00e9ho ostrova Oahu. Ramseyov\u00e1 uviedla, \u017ee samica, dlh\u00e1 asi 6 metrov mohla v\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 asi 2,5 tony. Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bola gravidn\u00e1. Zdroj: TASR\/AP<\/strong>\n

Modr\u00e9 \u017eraloky maj\u00fa vysok\u00fa mieru reprodukcie v porovnan\u00ed s in\u00fdmi druhmi<\/strong> \u017eralokov. M\u00f4\u017eu sa za\u010da\u0165 rozmno\u017eova\u0165 u\u017e vo veku 3 a\u017e 4 rokov, a m\u00f4\u017eu naraz porodi\u0165 a\u017e 135 ml\u00e1\u010fat<\/strong>, \u010do vysvet\u013euje, pre\u010do s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch \u017eralokov v Stredozemnom mori. Napriek tomu sa v\u0161ak aj tento kedysi hojn\u00fd druh st\u00e1va ove\u013ea vz\u00e1cnej\u0161\u00edm a od roku 2016 je v regi\u00f3ne zaraden\u00fd medzi kriticky ohrozen\u00e9<\/strong> druhy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fd biely \u017eralok<\/h3>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fd biely \u017eralok je pova\u017eovan\u00fd za najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ieho \u017eraloka na svete, je zodpovedn\u00fd za najviac nevyprovokovan\u00fdch \u00fatokov na \u013eud\u00ed, nehovoriac o celkovo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte \u013eudsk\u00fdch obet\u00ed<\/strong>. Tieto oce\u00e1nske pr\u00ed\u0161ery dorastaj\u00fa a\u017e do d\u013a\u017eky 6 metrov (niekedy aj v\u00fdrazne viac), v\u00e1\u017eia dve tony a dosahuj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lnu r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a\u017e 27 km za hodinu!<\/strong> A \u00e1no, ve\u013ek\u00e9 biele \u017eraloky \u017eij\u00fa aj v Stredozemnom mori.<\/p>\n

Hoci ve\u013ek\u00fd biely \u017eralok nie je v Stredomor\u00ed \u00faplne be\u017en\u00fd, s\u00fa zn\u00e1me pr\u00edpady jeho v\u00fdskytu. Ak\u00e9ko\u013evek spozorovanie tohto druhu pochopite\u013ene vyvol\u00e1va paniku, najm\u00e4 ak sa objav\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti turistick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed<\/strong>. Zn\u00e1my pr\u00edpad, ke\u010f bol viden\u00fd pri pobre\u017e\u00ed Malorky v roku 2018, sa dostal na titulky po celom kontinente<\/strong> a skuto\u010dne otriasol miestnym cestovn\u00fdm ruchom.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n \u017dralo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1jazd na pot\u00e1pa\u010dsk\u00fa klietku. (Ve\u013ek\u00fd biely \u017eralok) Zdroj: nypost.com\n

I\u0161lo o prv\u00e9 potvrden\u00e9 pozorovanie v \u0161panielskych vod\u00e1ch za najmenej 30 rokov, no pozorovania boli zaznamenan\u00e9 aj inde v Stredozemnom mori. Stretnutie tohto druhu s \u010dlovekom v Chorv\u00e1tsku, v roku 2008 viedlo k tomu, \u017ee mu\u017ea pohr\u00fdzol \u017eralok biely do nohy. Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, \u017ee incident nebol smrte\u013en\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Niektor\u00ed vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee Stredozemn\u00e9 more, konkr\u00e9tne Sic\u00edlsky prieliv, sl\u00fa\u017ei ako \u0161k\u00f4lka, kde m\u00f4\u017eu ve\u013ek\u00e9 biele \u017eraloky rodi\u0165 a vychov\u00e1va\u0165 svoje ml\u00e1\u010fat\u00e1<\/strong>. Myslia si, \u017ee plytk\u00e1, tepl\u00e1 voda a mno\u017estvo morsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, ktor\u00fd poch\u00e1dza z ju\u017en\u00e9ho Stredozemn\u00e9ho mora a dolu z Tyrh\u00e9nskeho mora, rob\u00ed z tejto oblasti ide\u00e1lne miesto na bezpe\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a k\u0155men\u00e9 ml\u00e1\u010fat, k\u00fdm nebud\u00fa dos\u0165 star\u00e9 na to, aby sa o seba postarali<\/strong> sami.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u017dralok siv\u00fd<\/h3>\n

Tento \u017eralok je v\u00f4bec prv\u00fdm \u017eralokom, ktor\u00fd bol zaraden\u00fd medzi chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 druhy. \u017dia\u013e, napriek tomu, \u017ee je na zozname chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch druhov od roku 1984, jeho po\u010det je st\u00e1le ve\u013emi n\u00edzky.<\/p>\n

\u017dralok \u0161ed\u00fd je jedn\u00fdm z najhrozivej\u0161\u00edch \u017eralokov \u017eij\u00facich v Stredozemnom mori. M\u00e1 objemn\u00e9 telo, m\u00f4\u017ee dor\u00e1s\u0165 a\u017e do d\u013a\u017eky 3 metrov a m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko radov zlomyse\u013ene vyzeraj\u00facich zubov, ktor\u00e9 tvoria vyhroten\u00e9 dovn\u00fatra ohnut\u00e9 d\u00fdky<\/strong> vo viacer\u00fdch radoch. Tento alarmuj\u00faci vzh\u013ead v\u0161ak maskuje pomerne pokojn\u00fa a diplomatick\u00fa povahu<\/strong>. O t\u00fdchto \u017eralokoch nebolo nikdy zn\u00e1me, \u017ee by boli vo\u010di \u013eu\u010fom agres\u00edvne, a hovor\u00ed sa, \u017ee ich \u00fasta nie s\u00fa ani dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00e9 na to, aby sp\u00f4sobili \u010dloveku smrte\u013en\u00e9 uhryznutie<\/strong>. To s\u00edce m\u00f4\u017ee znie\u0165 upokojuj\u00faco, ale t\u00fato te\u00f3riu rozhodne v praxi testova\u0165 nemus\u00edte.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n V Ju\u017enej Afrike je \u017eralok \u0161ed\u00fd zn\u00e1my ako \u201eotrhan\u00fd zub\u201c pre rady \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdch zubov v znamen\u00ed hrotu.\n

\u0160anca, \u017ee ho uvid\u00edte, je v\u0161ak pomerne n\u00edzka – nielen\u017ee s\u00fa ohrozen\u00e9, ale \u017eraloky \u0161ed\u00e9 s\u00fa najakt\u00edvnej\u0161ie v noci<\/strong>. Cez de\u0148 sa zdr\u017eiavaj\u00fa najm\u00e4 pod skalnat\u00fdmi prevismi a v ponoren\u00fdch jaskyniach. \u017divia sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm k\u00f4rovcami a rybami \u017eij\u00facimi pri dne, hoci je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee jedia aj in\u00e9 men\u0161ie druhy \u017eralokov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u017dralok \u010diernohrot\u00fd<\/h3>\n

\u017draloky \u010diernohrot\u00e9 s\u00fa fan\u00fa\u0161ikmi plytkej vody a uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa pobyt v oblastiach, ktor\u00fdch h\u013abka nepresahuje 30 metrov<\/strong>. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 sa im p\u00e1\u010di, ke\u010f s\u00fa bl\u00edzko z\u00e1tok, lag\u00fan a koralov\u00fdch \u00fatesov, a nie na otvorenom oce\u00e1ne<\/strong>. A ak to znie tak, \u017ee Stredozemn\u00e9 more je dokonal\u00fdm biotopom, je to preto, \u017ee je!<\/p>\n

\u00c1no, \u017eraloky<\/strong>\u00a0\u010dierne s\u00fa jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pozorovan\u00fdch druhov v regi\u00f3ne<\/strong>. S\u00fa obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 be\u017en\u00e9 vo v\u00fdchodnom Stredomor\u00ed, okolo Izraela a Egypta<\/strong>, po migr\u00e1cii z \u010cerven\u00e9ho mora a Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu cez Suezsk\u00fd prieplav.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n \u017dralok \u010diernohrot\u00fd. Zdroj: shop.dejongmarinelife.nl\n

Nie s\u00fa najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zo \u017eralokov, dorastaj\u00fa v priemere len do 1,5 metra, ale s\u00fa to siln\u00ed, r\u00fdchli plavci a ve\u013emi atletick\u00ed<\/strong> – za koris\u0165ou \u010dasto vyskakuj\u00fa z vody.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu, \u017ee je pr\u00edbuzn\u00fd dvom z troch najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch \u017eralokov na svete, o \u017eralokovi \u010diernom nie je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee by bol nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd alebo agres\u00edvny vo\u010di \u013eu\u010fom. Existuj\u00fa pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 zvedav\u00ed na pot\u00e1pa\u010dov, ale vo v\u0161eobecnosti s\u00fa plach\u00ed<\/strong> a len zriedka uhryzn\u00fa.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u017dralok kladivohlav\u00fd<\/h3>\n

V Stredozemnom mori mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 nie jeden, ale tri druhy \u017eralokov kladivohlav\u00fdch<\/strong>. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed, kladivohlav\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd, m\u00f4\u017ee dor\u00e1s\u0165 do d\u013a\u017eky vy\u0161e 6 metrov<\/strong>, zatia\u013e \u010do kladivohlav\u00fd hladk\u00fd dosahuje pribli\u017ene 5 metrov, a najmen\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed kladivohlavec vr\u00fabkovan\u00fd, zriedkavo prerastie 4 metre.<\/p>\n

Tieto fantastick\u00e9 stvorenia s\u00fa okam\u017eite rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 pod\u013ea jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho tvaru ich hl\u00e1v<\/strong>, \u010do je tie\u017e sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm by ste tieto tri druhy rozl\u00ed\u0161ili. V\u0161etky tri maj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 hlavy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pre \u017eraloka kladivov\u00e9ho, ale tvar predn\u00e9ho okraja hlavy sa l\u00ed\u0161i. Ako u\u017e n\u00e1zov napoved\u00e1, hlava kladivohlav\u00e9ho vr\u00fabkovan\u00e9ho je ryhovan\u00e1 ako okraj last\u00fary. Hlava kladivohlav\u00e9ho hladk\u00e9ho je zakriven\u00e1 ako polmesiac a ve\u013ek\u00fd kladivohlav\u00fd ju m\u00e1 rovn\u00fa.<\/p>\n \u017dralok kladivohlav\u00fd. Zdroj: thoughtco.com\n

Hoci akt\u00edvne nelovia \u013eud\u00ed, s\u00fa to\u00a0ve\u013emi agres\u00edvne, rozz\u00faren\u00e9 dravce a ich ve\u013ekos\u0165 a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa re\u0161pekt<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 ve\u013emi zvedav\u00ed na pot\u00e1pa\u010dov a vyskytli sa pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f \u017eraloky kladivohlav\u00e9 ubl\u00ed\u017eili\u2013 hoci len zriedka zab\u00edjali \u2013 \u013eu\u010fom pri nevyprovokovan\u00fdch \u00fatokoch.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etky tri tieto \u017eraloky trpia nadmern\u00fdm rybolovom<\/strong> kv\u00f4li hodnote ich ve\u013ek\u00fdch plutiev pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na polievku zo \u017eralo\u010d\u00edch plutiev.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mo\u017eno v\u00e1s prekvap\u00ed, \u017ee v Stredozemnom mori \u017eije a\u017e neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 47 druhov \u017eralokov! Mierne vody Stredomoria pln\u00e9 r\u00fdb z neho robia ide\u00e1lne miesto na lov<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7502"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7502\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}