Phineas Gage<\/strong> mal dvadsa\u0165p\u00e4\u0165 rokov, ke\u010f pracoval ako ved\u00faci majster po\u010das budovania \u017eeleznice<\/strong> ne\u010faleko Cavendishu (\u0161t\u00e1t Vermont). Medzi Gageove povinnosti patrilo odpa\u013eova\u0165 skaly, aby sa vytvorilo podla\u017eie. \u00dalohou bolo umiestni\u0165 v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fa n\u00e1lo\u017e hlboko do skaly vyv\u0155tan\u00edm diery.<\/strong> Otvor sa potom naplnil streln\u00fdm prachom a zap\u00e1lila sa poistka. Na vrch sa pridal piesok, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo kontaktu s\u00a0v\u00fdbu\u0161ninou. Pu\u0161n\u00fd prach sa vo vybran\u00fdch otvoroch n\u00e1sledne zais\u0165oval \u017eeleznou ty\u010dou.<\/p>\n Manu\u00e1lna pr\u00e1ca sa po chv\u00edli stala automatickou \u010dinnos\u0165ou. Popoludn\u00ed 13. septembra 1848 Gage opakoval v\u0161etky kroky, no zrejme sa pozabudol a\u00a0pu\u0161n\u00fd prach ty\u010dou utlmil e\u0161te pred pridan\u00edm piesku.<\/strong> V\u00a0momente ako ty\u010d pri\u0161la do kontaktu so skalou, v\u00fdbu\u0161nina reagovala. Pribli\u017ene \u0161es\u0165kilov\u00e1 a\u00a0meter dlh\u00e1 ty\u010d vystrelila, prerazila mlad\u00edkovu hlavu<\/strong> a\u00a0dopadla takmer dvadsa\u0165p\u00e4\u0165 metrov za n\u00edm.<\/p>\n U\u017e na poh\u013ead muselo zranenie vyzera\u0165 ako z hororu. zdroj: pinterest.com\n Sila v\u00fdbuchu hodila Phineasa na chrb\u00e1t a\u00a0chv\u00ed\u013eu le\u017eal v\u00a0k\u0155\u010di. \u017delezn\u00e1 ty\u010d prenikla do jeho \u013eav\u00e9ho l\u00edca, pre\u0161la okom a\u00a0zasiahla aj mozog.<\/strong> V priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat sa v\u0161ak Gageovi podarilo vsta\u0165, dokonca komunikoval a\u00a0s\u00a0pomocou ho prepravili do najbli\u017e\u0161ej nemocnice.<\/p>\n Zranen\u00e9ho mlad\u00edka sa ujal doktor John Martyn Harlow.<\/strong> Jeho prv\u00fdm cie\u013eom bolo zastavi\u0165 mas\u00edvne krv\u00e1canie sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u017eeleznou ty\u010dou a odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u00falomky kost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zostali v rane. Okrem toho Harlow u\u013eah\u010dil dren\u00e1\u017e rany<\/strong> zdvihnut\u00edm Gageovej hlavy. O p\u00e1r dn\u00ed si v\u0161imol, \u017ee Gage rozpr\u00e1val s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi probl\u00e9mami, no vedel pomenova\u0165 svojich priate\u013eov a krv\u00e1canie prestalo. V t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och nasleduj\u00facich po nehode bolo hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom lie\u010di\u0165 infekciu, ktor\u00e1 sa vyvinula v poranenej oblasti. Gage potom str\u00e1vil nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed stave medzi k\u00f3mou a\u00a0bden\u00edm,<\/strong> z\u00a0postele dok\u00e1zal vsta\u0165 a\u017e 7. okt\u00f3bra.<\/p>\n Do 11. okt\u00f3bra Harlow tvrdil, \u017ee sa Gageovo intelektu\u00e1lne fungovanie za\u010dalo zlep\u0161ova\u0165,<\/strong> rozpoznal ko\u013eko \u010dasu uplynulo od nehody a dok\u00e1zal nehodu jasne op\u00edsa\u0165. Hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00fd \u00faraz mu zanechal na tv\u00e1ri jazvu, no zotavil sa a\u00a0mohol sa vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do pr\u00e1ce. Aspo\u0148 spo\u010diatku to tak vyzeralo, no po \u010dase o\u0148ho zamestn\u00e1vatelia stratili z\u00e1ujem. Jeho priatelia a\u00a0zn\u00e1mi tvrdili, \u017ee u\u017e to nie je rovnak\u00fd Phineas Gage ak\u00e9ho poznali predt\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n Doktor Harlow sa teda ujal pozorovania navonok vylie\u010den\u00e9ho mu\u017ea a\u00a0o\u00a0zmen\u00e1ch v\u00a0jeho spr\u00e1van\u00ed nap\u00edsal lek\u00e1rsku spr\u00e1vu. Pod\u013ea rozhovorov s\u00a0bl\u00edzkymi Phineas s\u00edce nemal prest\u00ed\u017enu akademick\u00fa minulos\u0165, no bol bystr\u00fd, energick\u00fd<\/strong> a\u00a0vytrval\u00fd pri realiz\u00e1ci\u00ed svojich pl\u00e1nov. V\u00a0tomto oh\u013eade sa po nehode jeho myse\u013e radik\u00e1lne zmenila.<\/strong> \u201eDetsk\u00e9 intelektu\u00e1lne schopnosti a\u00a0prejavy sa striedaj\u00fa so zvierac\u00edmi v\u00e1\u0161\u0148ami siln\u00e9ho mu\u017ea.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n Gage potreboval z\u00edska\u0165 peniaze, preto ist\u00fd \u010das cestoval po Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong> a\u00a0\u00fadajne sa s\u00a0dlhou \u017eeleznou ty\u010dou objavil aj v\u00a0Barnumovom americkom m\u00fazeu<\/strong> ako kuri\u00f3zny pr\u00edpad. Kr\u00e1tko pracoval v stajni v New Hampshire, potom v\u00a0\u010cile sedem rokov riadil dostavn\u00edk. Nakoniec sa pres\u0165ahoval do San Francisca, aby \u017eil so svojou matkou, preto\u017ee jeho zdravie sa zhor\u0161ovalo a\u00a0po s\u00e9rii epileptick\u00fdch z\u00e1chvatov zomrel vo veku 36 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n Jeho lebka a \u017eelezn\u00e1 ty\u010d s\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 vo Warrenovom anatomickom m\u00fazeu Harvardskej lek\u00e1rskej \u0161koly v Cambridge (\u0161t\u00e1t Massachusetts). zdroj: pinterest.com\n Predpokladalo sa, \u017ee po\u0161kodenie \u013eavej prednej \u010dasti mozgu sp\u00f4sobilo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zmeny v\u00a0jeho osobnosti.<\/strong> A\u017e v\u00a0roku 1994 sa v\u010faka po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm anim\u00e1ci\u00e1m podarilo zrekon\u0161truova\u0165 miesta, ktor\u00fdmi \u017eelezn\u00e1 ty\u010d pre\u0161la. Hypoteticky mohol Phineas Gage strati\u0165 11% bielej a\u00a04% sivej mozgovej hmoty. V\u00a0bielej hmote<\/strong> sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa spojenia motorick\u00fdch a\u00a0zmyslov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed,<\/strong> siv\u00e1<\/strong> je nevyhnutn\u00e1 pre udr\u017eiavanie pozornosti pri u\u010den\u00ed, pam\u00e4tanie a\u00a0myslenie.<\/strong><\/p>\n Dovtedy panoval n\u00e1zor o\u00a0trval\u00fdch n\u00e1sledkoch sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch mozgov\u00fdmi l\u00e9ziami. Uk\u00e1zalo sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee Gage sa pozoruhodne zotavil a napriek zraneniu pre\u017eil relat\u00edvne norm\u00e1lny \u017eivot. Ke\u010f\u017ee jazdil na dostavn\u00edku, pri rozn\u00e1\u0161an\u00ed po\u0161ty si musel pam\u00e4ta\u0165 r\u00f4zne rasy a\u00a0mal svoju rutinu. Po\u0161kodenie predn\u00e9ho laloku sa mohlo do istej miery opravi\u0165<\/strong> a\u00a0obnovili sa straten\u00e9 funkcie. Schopnos\u0165 mozgu meni\u0165 sa t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa naz\u00fdva plasticita mozgu.<\/strong> Gageov pr\u00edpad sa tak stal jedn\u00fdm z prv\u00fdch d\u00f4kazov nazna\u010duj\u00facich vz\u0165ah predn\u00e9ho laloku s v\u00fdvojom osobnosti a\u00a0celkovo pomohol k\u00a0zisteniu o\u00a0\u0161pecifick\u00fdch funkci\u00e1ch jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed mozgu.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.britannica.com, www.simplypsychology.com, www.verywellmind.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: <\/strong>pinterest.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pr\u00edpad mlad\u00e9ho Ameri\u010dana pomohol pri spozn\u00e1van\u00ed funkci\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho mozgu a do zna\u010dnej miery je v oblasti neurochirurgie nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm javom.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7523\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}In\u00fd ne\u017e predt\u00fdm<\/h3>\n
Jeho ne\u0161\u0165astie pomohlo vede<\/h3>\n