{"id":7525,"date":"2022-02-07T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-06T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zimna-olympiada-v-pekingu-bez-prirodzeneho-snehu-environmentalisti-biju-na-poplach\/"},"modified":"2022-02-07T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-06T23:00:00","slug":"zimna-olympiada-v-pekingu-bez-prirodzeneho-snehu-environmentalisti-biju-na-poplach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zimna-olympiada-v-pekingu-bez-prirodzeneho-snehu-environmentalisti-biju-na-poplach\/","title":{"rendered":"Zimn\u00e1 olympi\u00e1da v Pekingu bez prirodzen\u00e9ho snehu. Environmentalisti bij\u00fa na poplach"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010co v\u00e1m napadne ako prv\u00e9 pri zmienke <strong>zimn\u00e1 olympi\u00e1da<\/strong>? Mraziv\u00e1 krajina, desiatky centimetrov \u010derstv\u00e9ho snehu, majstrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdkony \u0161portovcov a\u00a0nieko\u013eko medail\u00ed pre Slovensko? Dejisko tohtoro\u010dnej zimnej olympi\u00e1dy m\u00e1 od tradi\u010dn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v \u010faleko. Zabudnite na prirodzen\u00fd sneh, <strong>organiz\u00e1tori olympi\u00e1dy v\u00a0Pekingu<\/strong> zasne\u017eovali v\u00fdlu\u010dne technick\u00fdm. A\u00a0\u013ead? Ten udr\u017euj\u00fa <strong>umel\u00e9 chladiace syst\u00e9my<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Technick\u00fd sneh u\u017e roky nahr\u00e1dza prirodzen\u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n Technick\u00fd sneh je tvrd\u0161\u00ed a kompaktnej\u0161\u00ed, teda lep\u0161\u00ed pre zjazdov\u00e9 ly\u017eovanie. Zdroj ilustra\u010dn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zka: unsplash.com\n<p>Glob\u00e1lne otep\u013eovanie sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee sneh za\u010d\u00edna by\u0165 aj v\u00a0niektor\u00fdch slovensk\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch raritou. Ani organiz\u00e1tori <strong>zimn\u00fdch \u0161portov\u00fdch podujat\u00ed<\/strong> nemaj\u00fa istotou, \u017ee sneh naozaj napadne, napriek tomu, \u017ee v\u00a0dejisk\u00e1ch zvykla b\u00fdva\u0165 tuh\u00e1 zima. Aj preto je <strong>zasne\u017eovanie technick\u00fdm snehom<\/strong> u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov nevyhnutnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edpravy.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea webov\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu sportnet.sk na zimnej olympi\u00e1de <strong>v So\u010di organiz\u00e1tori pou\u017eili osemdesiat percent technick\u00e9ho snehu<\/strong>, v Pjong\u010dangu 2018 to bolo a\u017e dev\u00e4\u0165desiat percent. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e1 olympi\u00e1da je <strong>prvou v\u00a0hist\u00f3rii bez prirodzen\u00e9ho snehu<\/strong>. Ten je regi\u00f3ne vz\u00e1cnos\u0165ou. Teploty s\u00edce klesaj\u00fa pod nulu, v\u00a0noci <strong>dosahuj\u00fa aj m\u00ednus dvadsa\u0165<\/strong>, ale podnebie je ve\u013emi such\u00e9. <strong>Zimn\u00e9 stredisko \u010cang-\u0165ia-kchou<\/strong> le\u017e\u00ed len <strong>250 kilometrov od p\u00fa\u0161te Gobi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Agent\u00fara Bloomberg upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee na to, aby sa z\u00a0oblasti stalo reprezentat\u00edvne dejisko olympijsk\u00fdch hier, museli <strong>sne\u017en\u00e9 del\u00e1<\/strong> pracova\u0165 na pln\u00e9 obr\u00e1tky. Celkovo vraj organiz\u00e1tori bud\u00fa potrebova\u0165 a\u017e <strong>dva mili\u00f3ny metrov kubick\u00fdch snehu.<\/strong> Tento objem by zaplnil <strong>800 olympijsk\u00fdch plaveck\u00fdch baz\u00e9nov.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Viacer\u00ed environmentalisti a vedci varuj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u00fdroba umel\u00e9ho snehu zanech\u00e1 stopy na \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed. Pri tvorbe to\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva umel\u00e9ho snehu sa prirodzene <strong>minie obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vody<\/strong>. Such\u00e9 podnebie v\u00fdrobe snehu nepom\u00e1ha, lebo zna\u010dn\u00e1 <strong>\u010das\u0165 vody sa vypar\u00ed<\/strong>. E\u0161te pred samotn\u00fdm zasne\u017eovan\u00edm, organiz\u00e1tori liali vodu aj na p\u00f4du, aby vytvorili pevn\u00fd podklad.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u00daplne v\u0161etko mus\u00ed by\u0165 pokryt\u00e9 umel\u00fdm snehom, nielen ly\u017eiarske trate, ale aj pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 cesty. Ide pritom o <strong>regi\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd je sk\u00f4r vyprahnut\u00fd a nem\u00e1 dostatok vody<\/strong>. V\u0161etko mus\u00ed by\u0165 v podstate vybudovan\u00e9 nanovo,\u201c pre denn\u00edk Guardian uviedla profesorka a geografka Carmen De Jongov\u00e1 zo \u0160trasburskej univerzity.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m prehlbuje fakt, \u017ee <strong>krajina nie je vodnou ve\u013emocou<\/strong>, pr\u00e1ve naopak. \u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2020 publikovan\u00e1 v Nature varuje, \u017ee severnej \u010c\u00edne hroz\u00ed vy\u010derpanie z\u00e1sob pozemn\u00fdch v\u00f4d. \u010cang-\u0165ia-kchou su\u017eovalo such\u00e9 po\u010dasie aj bez toho, aby tu boli ve\u013ek\u00e9 \u0161portov\u00e9 are\u00e1ly. Po zasne\u017eovan\u00ed sa tento probl\u00e9m e\u0161te viac preh\u013abi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eV oblasti, kde v zime nie je takmer \u017eiadna voda, to bude ma\u0165 n\u00e1sledky,\u201c varuje Carmen de Jongov\u00e1. Dod\u00e1va, \u017ee: \u201e v priebehu zimnej sez\u00f3ny bude voda mimo pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. Bud\u00fa to <strong>najmenej udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 hry v hist\u00f3rii<\/strong>.\u201c<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Zr\u00e1\u017eky sa sna\u017eili vyvola\u0165 umelo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>E\u0161te viac zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face je tvrdenie denn\u00edka The Washington Post, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho organiz\u00e1tori v\u00a0tejto oblasti vypustili od novembra najmenej 250 rakiet s jodidom draseln\u00fdm. Ich <strong>\u00falohou bolo vyvola\u0165 zr\u00e1\u017eky<\/strong>. Hoci to znie \u0161ialenie, nejde o novinku. \u010c\u00ed\u0148ania vyp\u00e1lili do vzduchu podobn\u00e9 rakety aj pred <strong>otv\u00e1rac\u00edm ceremoni\u00e1lom letn\u00fdch olympijsk\u00fdch hier v\u00a0roku 2008<\/strong>. V noci pred ceremoni\u00e1lom naozaj pr\u0161alo a obloha zostala na druh\u00fd de\u0148 jasn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Manipul\u00e1cia s po\u010das\u00edm<\/strong> tohto typu je zn\u00e1ma ako \u201esiatie oblakov\u201c. Chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka vo vzduchu sl\u00fa\u017ei na kondenz\u00e1ciu mrakov, navia\u017ee vodn\u00e9 kvapky, \u010d\u00edm sa zv\u00fd\u0161i pravdepodobnos\u0165 da\u017e\u010fa. Toto v\u0161ak v <strong>horsk\u00fdch stredisk\u00e1ch nezabralo<\/strong> a na rad pri\u0161li osved\u010den\u00e9 sne\u017en\u00e9 del\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ekologick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom je aj \u00fadr\u017eba \u013eadu<\/strong><\/h3>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Nielen zasne\u017eovanie, ale aj <strong>umel\u00e9 chladiace syst\u00e9my<\/strong>, ktor\u00fdmi organiz\u00e1tori udr\u017euj\u00fa kvalitu \u013eadov\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch, vyvolali vlnu kritiky. Pod\u013ea agent\u00fary Associated Press len \u0161tyri novovybudovan\u00e9 klzisk\u00e1 na hr\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa alternat\u00edvne chladiace syst\u00e9my s oxidom uhli\u010dit\u00fdm. Ostatn\u00e9 \u013eadov\u00e9 plochy udr\u017euj\u00fa pomocou umel\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 <strong>produkuj\u00fa sklen\u00edkov\u00e9 plyny a\u00a0po\u0161kodzuj\u00fa oz\u00f3nov\u00fa vrstvu. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade medzin\u00e1rodnej zmluvy z roku 1987 sa krajiny dohodli na postupnom <strong>vyra\u010fovan\u00ed chlad\u00edv star\u0161ej gener\u00e1cie<\/strong> z d\u00f4vodu ich vlastnost\u00ed po\u0161kodzuj\u00facich oz\u00f3nov\u00fa vrstvu. To nakoniec vydl\u00e1\u017edilo cestu pre n\u00e1rast flu\u00f3rovan\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov alebo HFC, ktor\u00e9 nezapchaj\u00fa dieru v atmosf\u00e9re, ale m\u00f4\u017eu unika\u0165 z vyraden\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci ich pova\u017euj\u00fa za <strong>hlavn\u00fa hnaciu silu glob\u00e1lneho otep\u013eovania.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201eVymenili sme jednu <strong>ekologick\u00fa katastrofu<\/strong> za druh\u00fa,\u201c pre AP povedala Danielle Wrightov\u00e1 zo Severoamerickej rady pre udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 chladenie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u010co v\u00e1m napadne ako prv\u00e9 pri zmienke zimn\u00e1 olympi\u00e1da? Mraziv\u00e1 krajina, desiatky centimetrov \u010derstv\u00e9ho snehu, majstrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdkony \u0161portovcov a\u00a0nieko\u013eko medail\u00ed pre Slovensko? Dejisko tohtoro\u010dnej zimnej<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7525\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}