{"id":7545,"date":"2022-02-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/rakovina-koze-nie-je-len-o-znamienkach-ako-vznika-a-kedy-navstivit-lekara\/"},"modified":"2022-02-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T23:00:00","slug":"rakovina-koze-nie-je-len-o-znamienkach-ako-vznika-a-kedy-navstivit-lekara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/rakovina-koze-nie-je-len-o-znamienkach-ako-vznika-a-kedy-navstivit-lekara\/","title":{"rendered":"Rakovina ko\u017ee nie je len o znamienkach. Ako vznik\u00e1 a kedy nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Zima pomaly ustupuje, spod siv\u00fdch mrakov \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie prenikaj\u00fa zubat\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de <strong>jarn\u00e9ho slnka<\/strong> a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s sa nem\u00f4\u017ee do\u010dka\u0165 tepl\u00fdch letn\u00fdch dn\u00ed. T\u00ed najviac nedo\u010dkav\u00ed si u\u017e na jarn\u00e9 pr\u00e1zdniny zarezervovali dovolenku pri mori, niektor\u00ed si u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v\u00fdborn\u00e9 <strong>ly\u017eiarske podmienky<\/strong> a pobyt na vysokohorskom slnku, ostatn\u00ed sa aspo\u0148 na chv\u00ed\u013eu vyber\u00fa do pr\u00edrody.<\/p>\n<p>Bez oh\u013eadu na to, do ktorej skupiny patr\u00edte, nemali by ste zabudn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee s pr\u00edchodom jari a slne\u010dn\u00fdch dn\u00ed <strong>si ko\u017ea vy\u017eaduje \u0161peci\u00e1lnu starostlivos\u0165.<\/strong> Pr\u00e1ve nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 <strong>ultrafialov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie,<\/strong> pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 aj v slne\u010dn\u00fdch l\u00fa\u010doch, je naj\u010dastej\u0161ou pr\u00ed\u010dinou <strong>rakoviny ko\u017ee<\/strong>. Vedeli ste ako rakovina ko\u017ee vznik\u00e1, \u010do ju sp\u00f4sobuje, kedy nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra a ako si vy\u0161etri\u0165 znamienka doma? Zozbierali sme rady odborn\u00edkov a vedcov.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. \u010co je rakovina ko\u017ee?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Dermatovenerologi\u010dka z AGEL Clinic v Bratislave \u013dudmila \u017digov\u00e1 pre webov\u00fd port\u00e1l teraz.sk vysvetlila, \u017ee pod ozna\u010den\u00edm rakovina ko\u017ee odborn\u00edci rozumej\u00fa dve ve\u013ek\u00e9 skupiny ochorenia ko\u017ee. \u201eS\u00fa to <strong>n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 zmeny na ko\u017ei bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej pigment\u00e1cie ko\u017ee<\/strong>, teda bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho znamienka. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou rozvoja t\u00fdchto zmien je najm\u00e4 \u017eiarenie, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o <strong>ultrafialov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie<\/strong>, a teda aj <strong>slne\u010dn\u00e9 \u017eiarenie<\/strong>,&#8220; na\u010drtla \u017digov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u201e\u010eal\u0161ou ve\u013ekou skupinou s\u00fa probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa na z\u00e1klade pigmentovan\u00fdch l\u00e9zi\u00ed &#8211; <strong>znamienok<\/strong>. V tomto pr\u00edpade je pre pacienta d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 <strong>ka\u017edej zmene na ko\u017ei<\/strong> v zmysle zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enia znamienka, zmeny farby, tvaru, ohrani\u010denia a\u017e krv\u00e1cania. Pr\u00e1ve toto s\u00fa pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 netreba podce\u0148ova\u0165 a je potrebn\u00e9 ur\u00fdchlene vyh\u013eada\u0165 odborn\u00edka,&#8220; upozor\u0148uje dermatovenerologi\u010dka.<\/p>\n<p>Jednoduch\u0161ie povedan\u00e9, rakovina ko\u017ee vznik\u00e1 vtedy, ak <strong>ko\u017en\u00e9 bunky za\u010dn\u00fa mutova\u0165<\/strong>, \u010di\u017ee vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sa v\u00a0nich chyby. Mut\u00e1cie sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, \u017ee <strong>bunky rast\u00fa nekontrolovane<\/strong> a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa masu rakovinov\u00fdch buniek. Pr\u00ed\u010dinou mut\u00e1ci\u00ed, teda po\u0161kodenia DNA, je ultrafialov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie. To obsahuj\u00fa slne\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de, ale n\u00e1jdeme ho aj v\u00a0<strong>svetl\u00e1ch sol\u00e1ri\u00ed<\/strong>. Av\u0161ak nie v\u0161etky typy rakoviny ko\u017ee zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uje ultrafialov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie. Pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov rakovinu sp\u00f4sobuje aj <strong>\u017eivotn\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl<\/strong>, <strong>vystavenie tela toxick\u00fdm l\u00e1tkam <\/strong>or <strong>oslaben\u00fd imunitn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Kde sa rozv\u00edja a koho postihuje?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Rakovina ko\u017ee sa vyv\u00edja najm\u00e4 na miestach, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa <strong>najviac vystaven\u00e9 slne\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad na poko\u017eke hlavy, tv\u00e1re, pier, u\u0161\u00ed, krku, hrudn\u00edka, pa\u017e\u00ed a r\u00fak a na noh\u00e1ch u \u017eien. Av\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee sa vytvori\u0165 aj na miestach, ktor\u00e9 len zriedka vidia denn\u00e9 svetlo, napr\u00edklad na dlaniach alebo <strong>pod nechtami.<\/strong><\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok. Zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Hoci mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia veria, \u017ee rakovina ko\u017ee obch\u00e1dza \u013eud\u00ed tmavej pleti, nie je to tak. \u013dudia <strong>svetlej pleti s pehami maj\u00fa s\u00edce vy\u0161\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 ochorenia<\/strong>, ale rakovinou trpia aj \u013eudia s tmavou ple\u0165ou. V t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee sa vyskytne v oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa be\u017ene vystaven\u00e9 slnku, ako s\u00fa dlane a chodidl\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>3.Ak\u00e9 faktory zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko rakoviny?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Between <strong>rizikov\u00e9 faktory patr\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm svetl\u00e1 ple\u0165<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje <strong>men\u0161iu ochranu pred nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm UV \u017eiaren\u00edm<\/strong>. Ak m\u00e1te blond alebo ry\u0161av\u00e9 vlasy, svetl\u00e9 o\u010di, pehy alebo <strong>sa \u013eahko sp\u00e1lite<\/strong>, m\u00e1te ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku rakoviny ko\u017ee ako \u010dlovek s tmav\u0161ou poko\u017ekou.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9mom s\u00fa aj <strong>pop\u00e1leniny a\u00a0p\u013euzgiere od slnka<\/strong>, \u010di u\u017e z\u00a0detstva alebo dospelosti a\u00a0takisto nadmern\u00e9 vystavovanie sa slnku. Ak \u017eijete v\u00a0slne\u010dnom a\u00a0vysokohorskom podneb\u00ed m\u00e1te vy\u0161\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 rakoviny ko\u017ee ne\u017e \u013eudia \u017eij\u00faci v\u00a0chladnej\u0161om teplotnom p\u00e1sme.<\/p>\n<p>Aj<strong> nadmern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo matersk\u00fdch a nepravideln\u00fdch znamienok<\/strong>, \u0161kv\u0155n a <strong>ko\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdrastkov <\/strong>\u00a0zvy\u0161uje riziko rakoviny. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pravdepodobnos\u0165 prepuknutia rakoviny m\u00e1te aj vtedy, ak jeden z va\u0161ich rodi\u010dov alebo s\u00farodenec mal rakovinu ko\u017ee alebo ak ste ju vy osobne prekonali.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. Kedy nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Najlep\u0161ou prevenciou pred rakovinou ko\u017ee s\u00fa pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov pravideln\u00e9 lek\u00e1rske prehliadky. Aj \u013dudmila \u017digov\u00e1 odpor\u00fa\u010da dohodn\u00fa\u0165 si kontrolu u\u00a0lek\u00e1ra v\u017edy, ke\u010f na ko\u017ei <strong>zbad\u00e1te nie\u010do nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9<\/strong>. Hoci nie ka\u017ed\u00e1 zmena znamen\u00e1 rakovinu, prevenciu ur\u010dite nezanedbajte. \u010c\u00edm sk\u00f4r lek\u00e1ri odhalia rakovinu, t\u00fdm je vy\u0161\u0161ia pravdepodobnos\u0165 <strong>\u00faspe\u0161nej lie\u010dby<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Pred lek\u00e1rskym vy\u0161etren\u00edm dermatovenerologi\u010dka odpor\u00fa\u010da dom\u00e1ce vy\u0161etrenie ko\u017ee alebo kontrolu bl\u00edzkou osobou. Ako na to? Webov\u00fd port\u00e1l healthline.com pon\u00faka praktick\u00fd n\u00e1vod <strong>dom\u00e1cej kontroly znamienok<\/strong>, takzvan\u00e9 pravidlo ABCDE. Pri kontrole sa zamerajte na tieto body:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00a0&#8211; <strong>asymetrick\u00e9<\/strong>&#8211; Ak zdrav\u00e9 znamienko rozdel\u00edte na polovicu, obe strany by mali by\u0165 rovnak\u00e9. Rakovinotvorn\u00e9 znamienka b\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u010dasto asymetrick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>B (z angl. Border) \u2013 hranica- Okraj rakovinovej \u0161kvrny alebo znamienka b\u00fdva <strong>nepravideln\u00fd<\/strong>, <strong>rozmazan\u00fd<\/strong> or <strong>za\u010dervenan\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>C (z angl. colour) \u2013 farba- Zdrav\u00e9 znamienko b\u00fdva rovnomerne sfarben\u00e9 v\u00a0zvy\u010dajne jednom odtieni hnedej. <strong>Rakovinov\u00e9 znamienko<\/strong> <strong>nemus\u00ed ma\u0165 v\u0161ade rovnak\u00fa farbu<\/strong>. Odtiene pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00a0nieko\u013ek\u00fdch farieb vr\u00e1tane hnedej, \u010diernej, dokonca ojedinele aj bielej, \u010dervenej alebo modrej.<\/li>\n<li>D (z angl. Diameter)- priemer- Priemer znamienka je takisto d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. Ak je <strong>priemer v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako 6 milimetrov<\/strong> treba spozornie\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>E ( z\u00a0angl. evolving) \u2013 V\u00fdvoj- V\u0161\u00edmajte si aj, \u010di <strong>znamienko rastie, men\u00ed farbu alebo tvar.<\/strong> Varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lom je aj <strong>svrbenie<\/strong> or <strong>krv\u00e1canie<\/strong>. Ani zmeny nemusia automaticky znamena\u0165 rakovinu, menia sa napr\u00edklad matersk\u00e9 nerakovinov\u00e9 znamienka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pam\u00e4tajte, \u017ee dom\u00e1ca technika je len pom\u00f4ckou a\u00a0<strong>nie n\u00e1hradou vy\u0161etrenia u\u00a0\u0161pecialistu<\/strong>. \u201eJednozna\u010dne by som odpor\u00fa\u010dala pravideln\u00e9 prevent\u00edvne vy\u0161etrenie ko\u017ee dermatol\u00f3gom. Technick\u00fd rozvoj v podobe mo\u017enosti vy\u0161etrenia aj <strong>hlb\u0161\u00edch \u0161trukt\u00far ko\u017ee dermatoskopom<\/strong> prispieva k r\u00fdchlej\u0161ej diagnostike,&#8220; dodala \u017digov\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>5. Ako sa pred rakovinou ko\u017ee chr\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/h3>\n<p>Bez oh\u013eadu na ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie, \u010di podnebie, lek\u00e1ri odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa pravidelne si kontrolova\u0165 poko\u017eku a znamienka a takisto <strong>sa vyh\u00fdba\u0165 sol\u00e1ri\u00e1m.<\/strong> Po\u010das slne\u010dn\u00fdch dn\u00ed a na dovolenke v tropick\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch sa vyh\u00fdbajte prudk\u00e9mu polud\u0148aj\u0161iemu slnku, noste klob\u00fak a slne\u010dn\u00e9 okuliare a nezabudnite na opa\u013eovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m.<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok, zdroj: pexels.com","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zima pomaly ustupuje, spod siv\u00fdch mrakov \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie prenikaj\u00fa zubat\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de jarn\u00e9ho slnka a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z n\u00e1s sa nem\u00f4\u017ee do\u010dka\u0165 tepl\u00fdch letn\u00fdch dn\u00ed. T\u00ed najviac<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7545"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7545\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}