Astronauti str\u00e1via na Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici<\/strong> (ISS) v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou minim\u00e1lne \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov. Po\u010das tejto doby sa im v\u00fd\u0161ka m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 o tri percent\u00e1 smerom nahor.<\/strong> Znie to ako sci-fi, ale bez pr\u00edtomnosti gravit\u00e1cie sa chrbtica dok\u00e1\u017ee vo\u013ene roz\u0161irova\u0165,<\/strong> a tak kozmonaut podrastie. Tomuto faktu sa prisp\u00f4sobili aj kon\u0161trukt\u00e9ri vesm\u00edrnych lod\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 preto maj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie stropy. P\u00f4sobenie tohto \u201ek\u00fazla\u201c v\u0161ak po n\u00e1vrate na Zem zmizne. S\u00edce to op\u00e4\u0165 trv\u00e1 p\u00e1r mesiacov, ale vesm\u00edrni piloti sa vr\u00e1tia k svojej p\u00f4vodnej v\u00fd\u0161ke.<\/p>\n \u017divot na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he men\u00ed aj rozdelenie tekut\u00edn v\u00a0\u013eudskom tele.<\/strong> K\u00fdm na Zemi m\u00e1me v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu z\u00a0nich v\u00a0noh\u00e1ch, vo vesm\u00edre je to rovnomernej\u0161ie.<\/strong> Aj tu je d\u00f4vodom absencia gravit\u00e1cie, tekutina sa v\u00a0ich tel\u00e1ch rozlo\u017e\u00ed rovnomerne. N\u00e1sledkom s\u00fa ten\u0161ie nohy a\u00a0pln\u0161ia tv\u00e1r, op\u00fachaj\u00fa aj sliznice nosa. Pln\u0161ie l\u00edca a\u00a0upchat\u00fd nos sa po \u010dase ust\u00e1lia a\u00a0\u010dlovek vyzer\u00e1 rovnako ako pred odletom.<\/p>\n N\u00e1vrat domov znamen\u00e1 aj osvojenie si star\u00fdch zvykov. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou v\u00fdzvou pre astronauta bolo prisp\u00f4sobenie sa zemskej pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti. Medzi hlavn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my patria z\u00e1vraty, \u0165a\u017ekosti pri st\u00e1t\u00ed, ch\u00f4dzi a\u00a0ot\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed. Dr. Jacob Bloomberg<\/strong> vedie skupinu vedcov z N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu pre biomedic\u00ednsky v\u00fdskum (NSBRI)<\/strong> v projekte na v\u00fdvoj techn\u00edk umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facim r\u00fdchlo sa adaptova\u0165 na nov\u00e9 gravita\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie a prekona\u0165 tieto probl\u00e9my. Tento koncept bude pr\u00ednosom aj pre \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch sa lety do vesm\u00edru net\u00fdkaj\u00fa \u2013 d\u00f4chodcovia \u010di \u013eudia s chronick\u00fdmi poruchami rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/p>\n N\u00e1vrat na Zem znamen\u00e1 pre \u010dlenov vesm\u00edrnej v\u00fdpravy op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 prisp\u00f4sobovanie sa. zdroj: pexels.com\n V stave \u201ebeztia\u017ee\u201c svaly prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa o svoju funkciu a nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na podporu kostry.<\/strong> Tel\u00e1 astronautov na zmenu reaguj\u00fa stratou kostnej hmoty. Preto prebieha v\u00fdskum, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 vo vesm\u00edre overi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinky existuj\u00facich liekov na prevenciu straty svalov\u00e9ho tkaniva u astronautov.<\/p>\n Ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac m\u00f4\u017eu astronauti strati\u0165 a\u017e 1 percento hustoty kost\u00ed – <\/strong>ak nemaj\u00fa dostatok pohybu. Na palube vesm\u00edrnej stanice s\u00fa dva be\u017eeck\u00e9 p\u00e1sy a dva stacion\u00e1rne bicykle, ktor\u00e9 im pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 sa vo forme<\/strong>. Aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo ochabnutiu svalov a kost\u00ed, astronauti po\u010das pobytu na Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici cvi\u010dia asi dve hodiny denne.<\/p>\n Sp\u00e1nok astronautom s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa aj z\u00e1blesky svetla, ktor\u00e9 im prenikaj\u00fa cez o\u010di. Z\u00e1blesky v skuto\u010dnosti poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z kozmick\u00fdch l\u00fa\u010dov \u2013 vysoko energetick\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc \u017eiariacich skrz slne\u010dn\u00fa s\u00fastavu.<\/strong> vystre\u013euj\u00facich cez obe\u017en\u00fa z\u00e1klad\u0148u. Hoci sa r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvne \u017eiarenie zo sveteln\u00fdch pruhov m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dasom nahromadi\u0165, v\u00a0kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku nepredstavuje pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n Hlboko vo vn\u00fatornom uchu m\u00e1me ukryt\u00fd org\u00e1n rovnov\u00e1hy = vestibul\u00e1rny apar\u00e1t. <\/strong>Po\u010das pobytu na Zemi z\u00a0neho mozog v\u017edy prij\u00edma inform\u00e1cie o gravit\u00e1cii<\/strong> a pou\u017e\u00edva ho na udr\u017eanie rovnov\u00e1hy tela. Prostredie s\u00a0takmer \u017eiadnou gravit\u00e1ciou men\u00ed inform\u00e1cie prij\u00edman\u00e9 z\u00a0vestibul\u00e1rneho org\u00e1nu. Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to zmena miery pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivosti m\u00e4tie mozog,<\/strong> \u010do vedie k \u201evesm\u00edrnej chorobe\u201c<\/strong>. Astronauti m\u00f4\u017eu za\u017eii\u0165 nevo\u013enos\u0165, boles\u0165 hlavy a\u017e zvracanie. Tento stav v\u0161ak netrv\u00e1 ve\u013emi dlho. Ak zostanete nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed vo vesm\u00edre, v\u00e1\u0161 mozog uprav\u00ed interpret\u00e1ciu rovnov\u00e1\u017enych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, tak\u017ee vesm\u00edrna choroba pominie.<\/p>\n Ned\u00e1vno vy\u0161la nov\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia zameran\u00e1 na zistenie zmien v\u00a0\u0161trukt\u00fare mozgu po vesm\u00edrnom lete.<\/strong> Spolupr\u00e1ca sa uskuto\u010dnila medzi Eur\u00f3pskou vesm\u00edrnou agent\u00farou a ruskou vesm\u00edrnou agent\u00farouRoskosmos. <\/strong>Vedci sk\u00famali ako sa mozog kozmonautov men\u00ed po ceste do vesm\u00edru a sp\u00e4\u0165. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee mozog sa kozmickej atmosf\u00e9re prisp\u00f4sobuje do takej miery, \u017ee sa v podstate prep\u00e1ja. Tak\u00e1to forma prisp\u00f4sobenia pretrv\u00e1va aj nieko\u013eko mesiacov po pr\u00edlete \u010dloveka na Zem.<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00e1\u0161 mozog op\u00e4\u0165 dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee je schopn\u00fd asimilova\u0165 sa aj v extr\u00e9mnych podmienkach. zdroj: pexels.com\n V\u00fdskumn\u00edk na univerzite v Antverp\u00e1ch (Belgicko), Floris Wuyts<\/strong>, figuruje ako ved\u00faci celej \u0161t\u00fadie. Vysvet\u013euje aj pr\u00ed\u010dinu t\u00fdchto mozgov\u00fdch premien: \u201ePo vesm\u00edrnom lete sa tieto \u0161trukt\u00fary zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 zmenen\u00e9, hlavne kv\u00f4li deform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 posunom tekutiny, ku ktor\u00e9mu doch\u00e1dza vo vesm\u00edre,\u201c<\/strong> Konkr\u00e9tne t\u00edm registroval zmeny vo ve\u013ekom zv\u00e4zku nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien (corpus callosum<\/strong>). V\u00a0podstate ide o centr\u00e1lnu dia\u013enicu sp\u00e1jaj\u00facu obe mozgov\u00e9 hemisf\u00e9ry.<\/p>\n Predt\u00fdm sa predpokladalo, \u017ee vesm\u00edrny let m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 \u0161truktur\u00e1lne zmeny v samotnom corpus callosum. Komory v jeho okol\u00ed sa v\u0161ak roz\u0161iruj\u00fa sam\u00e9 od seba, aby sa prisp\u00f4sobili drastick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.livescience.com, www.space.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: pixabay.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0naf\u00faknutej\u0161\u00ed Astronauti str\u00e1via na Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici (ISS) v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou minim\u00e1lne \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov. Po\u010das tejto doby sa im v\u00fd\u0161ka m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165 o tri percent\u00e1 smerom<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7555\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Dezorient\u00e1cia a\u00a0ub\u00fadanie svalov<\/h3>\n
Nespavos\u0165 komplikuje misiu<\/h3>\n
Ned\u00e1vne odhalenie zmien v mozgu<\/h3>\n