Za p\u00f4vodom oboj\u017eiveln\u00edka je potrebn\u00e9 \u00eds\u0165 a\u017e do Mexika. Axolotl m\u00e1 domov v jazer\u00e1ch Xochimilco a\u00a0Chalco.<\/strong> Sladk\u00e1 voda s\u00a0teplotou 20 stup\u0148ov Celzia sa im postarala o\u00a0ide\u00e1lne podmienky na pre\u017eitie. Vo vod\u00e1ch si spolo\u010dne na\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa so svojimi \u201epr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi\u201c, mlokmi. V\u00a0ide\u00e1lnych podmienkach a\u00a0pri spr\u00e1vnej starostlivosti sa dok\u00e1\u017eu do\u017ei\u0165 aj 25 rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n Jazero Xochimilco je posledn\u00fdm pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facim domovom axolotlov. zdroj: pixabay.com\n V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti jazero Chalco v d\u00f4sledku \u013eudsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu neexistuje,<\/strong> dokonca bola ovplyvnen\u00e1 aj \u010distota jazera Xochimilco. To je moment\u00e1lne iba s\u00e9riou mal\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov. \u00dadaje z prieskumu z roku 1998 uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee na jeden \u0161tvorcov\u00fd kilometer pripadalo 6000 axolotlov. O\u00a017 rokov nesk\u00f4r to bolo 35 jedincov na km \u0161tvorcov\u00fd. Predpovedalo sa, \u017ee axolotly do roku 2020 vyhyn\u00fa,<\/strong> ale nejak sa im podarilo unikn\u00fa\u0165 pred ich osudom. Ich celkov\u00fd po\u010det nie je presne zn\u00e1my, no kles\u00e1.<\/p>\n Dospel\u00fd axolotl (17-27 mesiacov) m\u00e1 zvy\u010dajne d\u013a\u017eku tela od 15 do 45 cm,<\/strong> no zriedkav\u00e9 s\u00fa u\u017e 30 centimetrov\u00e9 jedince. \u017diabre vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face z\u00a0hlavy m\u00f4\u017eu pripom\u00edna\u0165 zahnut\u00e9 pierka, preto niektor\u00ed oboj\u017eiveln\u00edka naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa vodn\u00fdm drakom.<\/strong> Tri z\u00a0nich sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na pohyb vo vode, \u0161tyri sa skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa za vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi \u017eiabrami, aby filtrovali mikr\u00f3by.<\/p>\n Pr\u00edbehy z azt\u00e9ckej mytol\u00f3gie tvrdia, \u017ee axolotl dostal svoje meno pod\u013ea boha oh\u0148a a bleskov, Xolotla. zdroj: pixabay.com\n K\u00fdm mloky vonkaj\u0161ie \u017eiabre pri dospievan\u00ed str\u00e1caj\u00fa, axolotlom kv\u00f4li neot\u00e9nii<\/strong> nemizn\u00fa. Ide o\u00a0stav \u017eivo\u010d\u00edcha, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho dosiahol pohlavn\u00fa dospelos\u0165, no nezbavil sa adolescentn\u00fdch znakov. Po\u010das rastu sa im v\u0161ak \u00fasta oh\u00fdbaj\u00fa do bezzub\u00e9ho \u00fasmevu. Kon\u010datiny maj\u00fa spojen\u00e9 membr\u00e1nami a\u00a0na \u0161irokej hlave maj\u00fa p\u00e1r tmav\u00fdch o\u010d\u00ed bez vie\u010dok. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie s\u00fa sivo \u010di hnedo zafarben\u00e9, pre chovate\u013eov s\u00fa ale popul\u00e1rne sk\u00f4r alb\u00edny.<\/strong> Dok\u00e1\u017eu sa pohybova\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 15 km\/h, a to pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka membr\u00e1nam na noh\u00e1ch. Samice sa od samcov odl\u00ed\u0161ia \u013eahko \u2013 maj\u00fa \u0161ir\u0161ie telo pln\u00e9 vaj\u00ed\u010dok.<\/p>\n De\u0148 str\u00e1via preva\u017ene zahraban\u00e9 do bahna, aby sa vyhli pred\u00e1torom. Ich nepriate\u013emi s\u00fa hlavne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ryby, bociany a volavky.<\/strong> V noci t\u00ed\u0161ia hlad vdychovan\u00edm kostn\u00fdch \u010dervov, hmyzu \u010di mal\u00fdch r\u00fdb. \u017diabre im umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa d\u00fdcha\u0165 vo vode, ob\u010das aj tak vyskakuj\u00fa nad hladinu, aby nabrali do p\u013e\u00fac vzduch. Chovatelia odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa k\u0155mi\u0165 ich drobn\u00fdmi k\u00f4rovcami hne\u010f po vyliahnut\u00ed \u2013 rast\u00fa tak r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Tieto v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e9 stavovce maj\u00fa regener\u00e1ciu zameran\u00fa nielen na telesn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ale aj neur\u00f3ny. Ak teda len o vl\u00e1sok unikn\u00fa pred\u00e1torovi, ni\u010d nie je straten\u00e9. Pri strate kon\u010datiny sa prostredn\u00edctvom krvnej zrazeniny zastav\u00ed krv\u00e1canie. To ist\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee aj na\u0161e telo, ale axolotly pokra\u010duj\u00fa v uzdravovan\u00ed. Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u0148och sa pod epidermou bunky za\u010dn\u00fa deli\u0165 a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru naz\u00fdvan\u00fa blast\u00e9m.<\/strong><\/p>\n Axolotly dok\u00e1\u017eu pre\u017ei\u0165 aj r\u00f4zne \u00farazy mozgu<\/strong> ak si vo vod\u00e1ch ned\u00e1vali dostato\u010dn\u00fd pozor. S\u00fa tak jedin\u00fdm \u0161tvornoh\u00fdm stavovcom,<\/strong> ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee premeni\u0165 be\u017en\u00e9 bunky sp\u00e4\u0165 na kme\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky. Po\u010das \u017eivota si vytvoria nov\u00e9 neur\u00f3ny, miechu \u010di r\u00f4zne \u010dasti mozgu.<\/strong><\/p>\n St\u00e1le nie je zn\u00e1me ak\u00fdm mechanizmom men\u00ed axolotl svoje bunky. Niektor\u00e9 hlavn\u00e9 zlo\u017eky sa v\u00fdskumy postupne odha\u013euj\u00fa zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 podobnosti s \u013eudsk\u00fdmi bunkami.<\/strong> Zistenie, ktor\u00e9 molekuly a bunky s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pri regener\u00e1cii, po\u0148ali vedci z opa\u010dn\u00e9ho konca. Za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 molekul\u00e1rne zmeny sp\u00f4sobuj\u00face stratu t\u00fdchto schopnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n Tieto sladkovodn\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchy maj\u00fa tuh\u00fd korienok, mohli by ho raz z\u00fa\u017eitkova\u0165 aj \u013eudia? zdroj: unsplash.com\n Makrof\u00e1g<\/strong> je bunkou imunitn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a m\u00e1 svoj v\u00fdznam pri procesoch spojen\u00fdch s regener\u00e1ciou. Vedci pred uskuto\u010dnen\u00edm amput\u00e1cie axolotlom vstrekli liek, ktor\u00fd v tele eliminuje makrof\u00e1gy.<\/strong> Pri\u0161li na to, \u017ee namiesto regener\u00e1cie sa na zranenom mieste vytvorilo zjazven\u00e9 tkanivo. Dospeli k\u00a0z\u00e1veru, \u017ee makrof\u00e1gy s\u00fa aj pri \u013eu\u010foch nevyhnutn\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie uzdravovacej schopnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n In\u00fd experiment zase zaznamenal, \u017ee si \u013eudia aj my\u0161i dok\u00e1\u017eu obnovi\u0165 tkanivo na po\u0161koden\u00fdch prstoch bez zost\u00e1vaj\u00facej jazvy. Pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho t\u00fato schopnos\u0165 s prebiehaj\u00facim rastom str\u00e1came. \u0160t\u00fadium axolotlov teda m\u00f4\u017ee v \u013eu\u010foch odomkn\u00fa\u0165 skryt\u00e9 \u201esuperschopnosti\u201c,<\/strong> ot\u00e1zkou ale ost\u00e1va \u010di to dok\u00e1\u017eeme ne\u017e \u00faplne vyhyn\u00fa.<\/p>\n Zdroje: \u00a0www.craffic.co.in, www.ireceptar.cz<\/strong><\/p>\n Cover photo source: pexels.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mexick\u00e9 lesy ich nechr\u00e1nia ako kedysi Za p\u00f4vodom oboj\u017eiveln\u00edka je potrebn\u00e9 \u00eds\u0165 a\u017e do Mexika. Axolotl m\u00e1 domov v jazer\u00e1ch Xochimilco a\u00a0Chalco. Sladk\u00e1 voda s\u00a0teplotou<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7574","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7574"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7574\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7574"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7574"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7574"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Vzh\u013ead, v\u00fdvin a potrava<\/h3>\n
Ak pr\u00eddu o\u00a0kon\u010datinu, narastie im nov\u00e1<\/h3>\n
Mohli by sa \u013eudia v\u00a0bud\u00facnosti uzdravova\u0165 ako axolotly?<\/h3>\n