{"id":7590,"date":"2022-03-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-13T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/pocet-obeti-nenavistnych-trestnych-cinov-stupa-aky-je-motiv-pachatelov\/"},"modified":"2022-03-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-13T23:00:00","slug":"pocet-obeti-nenavistnych-trestnych-cinov-stupa-aky-je-motiv-pachatelov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/pocet-obeti-nenavistnych-trestnych-cinov-stupa-aky-je-motiv-pachatelov\/","title":{"rendered":"Po\u010det obet\u00ed nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov st\u00fapa. Ak\u00fd je mot\u00edv p\u00e1chate\u013eov?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa stret\u00e1vame s predsudkami vo\u010di ur\u010ditej rase, pohlaviu, orient\u00e1cii, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu presved\u010deniu, soci\u00e1lnej triedy a\u00a0podobne. Av\u0161ak medzi predsudkami a\u00a0diskrimin\u00e1ciou je ve\u013emi tenk\u00e1 hranica<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0podstate hovor\u00edme o\u00a0nedostato\u010dn\u00fdch znalostiach, ktor\u00e9 sa opieraj\u00fa o\u00a0stereotypy. \u00a0Uvedieme ve\u013emi od\u013eah\u010den\u00fd pr\u00edklad: ak sa stretneme s\u00a0mal\u00fdm diev\u010datkom, tak automaticky predpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee m\u00e1 rado princezn\u00e9 a\u00a0ru\u017eov\u00fa farbu. Predsudky n\u00e1s teda stavaj\u00fa do poz\u00edcie, v\u00a0ktorej vid\u00edme \u013eud\u00ed a\u00a0ich spr\u00e1vanie \u00faplne inak.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rozdiel medzi predsudkom a\u00a0diskrimin\u00e1ciou<\/h3>\n

Predsudok je ur\u010dit\u00fd postoj, ktor\u00fd mo\u017eno zmeni\u0165. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sociol\u00f3gov definuje diskrimin\u00e1ciu ako konanie alebo s\u00e9riu verb\u00e1lnych a fyzick\u00fdch \u010dinov. Predsudky m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k diskrimin\u00e1cii.\u00a0<\/strong>\u010clovek v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee prechov\u00e1va\u0165 predsudky aj bez zn\u00e1mok diskrimin\u00e1cie, najm\u00e4 vtedy ak si svoje predsudky uvedomuje a podnik\u00e1 kroky na ich odstr\u00e1nenie.<\/p>\n

Diskrimin\u00e1cia je nespravodliv\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie s\u00a0jednotlivcami na z\u00e1klade ich charakterist\u00edk (rasa, pohlavie, vek, soci\u00e1lna orient\u00e1cia). Pozor! Kategorizovanie prirodzene vych\u00e1dza z\u00a0\u013eudsk\u00e9ho mozgu<\/strong>, teda ke\u010f vid\u00edme \u010dloveka automaticky mu prira\u010fujeme vek, pohlavie, rasu. Je to preto, aby n\u00e1m veci d\u00e1vali v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed zmysel.<\/p>\n

Trestn\u00fd \u010din<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ka\u017edoro\u010dne sa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch stane a\u017e 250-tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed obe\u0165ou trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa motivovan\u00e9 nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou. Na Slovensku sa \u00fadaje pochopite\u013ene l\u00ed\u0161ia. Pod\u013ea ofici\u00e1lnej spr\u00e1vy Ministerstva vn\u00fatra za rok 2021 trestn\u00fd \u010din sp\u00e1chalo viac ako osemn\u00e1s\u0165tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed, z toho 63 malo rasov\u00fd mot\u00edv.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

U\u00a0n\u00e1s je obe\u0165 trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu jasne definovan\u00e1: ,, fyzick\u00e1 osoba, ktorej bolo alebo malo by\u0165 trestn\u00fdm \u010dinom ubl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 na zdrav\u00ed, sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 nemajetkov\u00e1 \u0161koda, mor\u00e1lna alebo in\u00e1 \u0161koda alebo boli poru\u0161en\u00e9, \u010di ohrozen\u00e9 jej z\u00e1konom chr\u00e1nen\u00e9 pr\u00e1va alebo slobody.\u201c Na druhej strane n\u00e1\u0161 z\u00e1kon nepo\u010d\u00edta s mo\u017enou emocion\u00e1lnou ujmou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Pre\u010do \u013eudia p\u00e1chaj\u00fa zlo\u010diny z nen\u00e1visti?<\/b><\/b><\/h3>\n
\n

Napr\u00edklad, politick\u00e9 \u0161ikanovanie zo strany autor\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 uzn\u00e1vame m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 na n\u00e1s vplyv. Teda tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vanie m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k znehodnocovaniu druh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, o ktor\u00fdch vieme len ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a\u00a0m\u00e1me pocit ohrozenia. Zvy\u010dajne ide o\u00a0strach zo straty ist\u00f4t<\/strong> (pr\u00e1ca, sp\u00f4sob \u017eivota), a\u00a0to aj napriek tomu, \u017ee tieto obavy nie s\u00fa odrazy reality.<\/p>\n

\n Diskrimin\u00e1cia je v na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti neakceptovate\u013en\u00e1. Za nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 prejavy (vyhr\u00e1\u017eanie sa) je trest od\u0148atia slobody a\u017e na tri roky. ILUSTRA\u010cN\u00c1 FOTOGRAFIA\n

P\u00e1chatelia nemusia by\u0165 vyslovene motivovan\u00ed nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou, \u00a0namiesto toho m\u00f4\u017eu za\u017e\u00edva\u0165 strach alebo hnev. V kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ich tieto pocity<\/strong> m\u00f4\u017eu tak zu\u017eova\u0165, \u017ee sa pretavia do agresie. <\/strong>\u010co je ,samozrejme, neospravedlnite\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1me dva druhy diskrimin\u00e1cia a to\u00a0priamu a nepriamu.<\/strong> Priamu rasov\u00fa diskrimin\u00e1ciu vn\u00edmame napr\u00edklad vtedy, ke\u010f sme o\u010dividne znev\u00fdhodnen\u00ed pre n\u00e1\u0161 p\u00f4vod. Nepriama rasov\u00e1 diskrimin\u00e1cia je takpovediac nen\u00e1padn\u00e1 \u2013 \u0165a\u017eko rozpoznate\u013en\u00e1. T\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia nast\u00e1va vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00a0nami \u013eudia zaobch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa inak len pre farbu pleti.<\/p>\n \u0160t\u00e1t m\u00e1 povinnos\u0165 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pr\u00e1va a d\u00f4stojnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v spolo\u010dnosti. ILUSTRA\u010cN\u00c1 FOTOGRAFIA\n

\n

McDevitt a Levin vo svojej \u0161t\u00fadii identifikovali \u0161tyri prim\u00e1rne motiv\u00e1cie:<\/span><\/h3>\n
\n
    \n
  • P\u00e1chatelia vyh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00faci vzru\u0161enie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    T\u00edto \u013eudia miluj\u00fa vzru\u0161enie a\u00a0dr\u00e1mu. \u010casto vidia probl\u00e9my aj tam, kde nie s\u00fa. Chc\u00fa ma\u0165 z\u00e1mienku na to, aby vyvolali konflikt. S\u00fa nad\u0161en\u00ed z\u00a0toho, ke\u010f konfrontuj\u00fa niekoho, kto sa nevie br\u00e1ni\u0165. Veria, \u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 nezauj\u00edmaj\u00fa ich obete. \u00dato\u010dia n\u00e1hodne.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

      \n
    • Defenz\u00edvni \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n

      \u00dato\u010dn\u00edci si myslia, \u017ee konaj\u00fa v\u00a0z\u00e1ujme vy\u0161\u0161ieho dobra. Obra\u0148uj\u00fa pre nich nie\u010do d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 \u2013 napr\u00edklad komunitu, pr\u00e1cu, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo alebo dokonca krajinu<\/strong>. Svoje kroky patri\u010dne pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa a\u00a0v\u0161etko ,,racion\u00e1lne\u201c zd\u00f4vod\u0148uj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n
      • Konanie z pomsty<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n

        T\u00edto p\u00e1chatelia s\u00fa motivovan\u00ed pomstou. Riadia sa sk\u00fasenos\u0165ou \u00a0z\u00a0minulosti.<\/strong> Bu\u010f sa stali obe\u0165ou incidentu alebo boli svedkom. Tak\u00e1to negat\u00edvna okolnos\u0165 v\u00a0nich zbudila nen\u00e1vis\u0165 a\u00a0chu\u0165 pomsti\u0165 sa. \u010casto konaj\u00fa sami a zameriavaj\u00fa sa na t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom pridru\u017een\u00ed k p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm p\u00e1chate\u013eom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
        • Misia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          T\u00e1to motiv\u00e1cia m\u00e1 priamy s\u00favis s\u00a0nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou. P\u00e1chatelia si doslova robia kari\u00e9ru na nen\u00e1visti. \u00datoky maj\u00fa detailne premyslen\u00e9. T\u00edto \u013eudia maj\u00fa svoje \u0161peci\u00e1lne skupiny, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch sa vz\u00e1jomne podporuj\u00fa. Ich cie\u013eom je vies\u0165 vojnu proti ich nepriate\u013eom. Ich zlo\u010diny \u010dasto pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa terorizmus<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          Hoci sa v\u00a0na\u0161ej krajine \u010dasto nehovor\u00ed o\u00a0rasizme, tak je tu pr\u00edtomn\u00fd. Z\u00a0uveden\u00fdch \u0161tyroch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch mot\u00edvov diskrimin\u00e1cie by sme na Slovensku na\u0161li aspo\u0148 tri z\u00a0nich. A\u00a0to, \u017ee v\u00a0ofici\u00e1lnych \u0161tatistik\u00e1ch sa p\u00ed\u0161e ,,len\u201c o\u00a063 trestn\u00fdch \u010dinoch v\u00a0s\u00favislosti rasovou nen\u00e1vis\u0165ou neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee ich nie je \u010faleko viac.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa stret\u00e1vame s predsudkami vo\u010di ur\u010ditej rase, pohlaviu, orient\u00e1cii, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu presved\u010deniu, soci\u00e1lnej triedy a\u00a0podobne. Av\u0161ak medzi predsudkami a\u00a0diskrimin\u00e1ciou je ve\u013emi tenk\u00e1 hranica. V\u00a0podstate hovor\u00edme<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7590"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7590\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}