Eur\u00f3pske krajiny ka\u017edoro\u010dne pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa turistov svojou stredovekou architekt\u00farou. V\u00a0takom Nemecku n\u00e1jdete dohromady 25\u00a0000 hradov. Pokia\u013e v\u0161ak ide o\u00a0pomer z\u00e1mkov a\u00a0plochy, vyhr\u00e1va in\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t. Na vrchole rebr\u00ed\u010dka sa nach\u00e1dza Wales, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 najviac kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed na kilometer \u0161tvorcov\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u010co m\u00f4\u017ee za najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hustotu majest\u00e1tnych stavieb? Jedn\u00fdm z\u00a0d\u00f4vodov je ur\u010dite hist\u00f3ria Walesu. O\u00a0jeho \u00fazemie s\u00faperili p\u00f4vodn\u00ed obyvatelia s\u00a0Anglosasmi a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r s\u00a0Normanmi.<\/strong> Napokon koncom 13. storo\u010dia anglick\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Eduard I. z\u00edskal Wales<\/strong> pod svoju nadvl\u00e1du. Odvtedy sa na polostrove rozmohli kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 hrady a\u00a0z\u00e1mky.<\/p>\n Ve\u013ek\u00e9mu po\u010dtu walesk\u00fdch hradov zodpoved\u00e1 aj ich rozmanitos\u0165. \u201eNa to, \u017ee sme mal\u00e1 krajina, m\u00e1me takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd typ a\u00a0formu,\u201c<\/strong> hovor\u00ed histori\u010dka Kate Roberts<\/strong>. N\u00e1jdete tu r\u00f4zne obrann\u00e9 prvky, vybudovan\u00e9 opevnenie ale aj pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 hradby. \u00da\u010dinn\u00e9 boli hlavne vodn\u00e9 plochy okolo hradu alebo sa pevnos\u0165 postavila na vysokej skale. Nesk\u00f4r z\u00e1mky za\u010dali sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 aj estetick\u00fa funkciu.<\/p>\n Jedno z\u00a0prv\u00fdch normansk\u00fdch velite\u013esk\u00fdch stanov\u00ed\u0161\u0165 vzniklo v\u00a011. storo\u010d\u00ed. Hrad Chepstow<\/strong> na \u00fatese postavil William FitzOsbern, bl\u00edzky spojenec Williama Dobyvate\u013ea<\/strong>. Pevnos\u0165 v\u0161ak zdokonalil a\u017e tret\u00ed William v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edbehu. Velite\u013e William Marshall vybudoval prv\u00fa dvojve\u017eov\u00fa vr\u00e1tnicu v\u00a0Brit\u00e1nii<\/strong> a\u00a0hrad neposkytoval u\u017e iba v\u00fdh\u013ead na rieku Wye. Marshall za dreven\u00fdmi dverami (najstar\u0161\u00edmi v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pe) ukr\u00fdval ul\u00fapen\u00e9 zlato a\u00a0striebro. Mas\u00edvna br\u00e1na bola p\u00f4vodne pokryt\u00e1 \u017eelezn\u00fdmi plat\u0148ami<\/strong>, aby v\u00a0\u00fato\u010dn\u00edkoch nevyvolala podozrenie a\u00a0chr\u00e1nila ukradnut\u00e9 bohatstvo.<\/p>\n Najstar\u0161\u00edm opevnen\u00edm po odchode Rimanov je hrad Chepstow. zdroj: pexels.com\n Uk\u00e1\u017ekou waleskej architekt\u00fary je Castell y Bere<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa t\u00fd\u010di na vrchole od\u013eahl\u00e9ho v\u00fdbe\u017eku v \u00fadol\u00ed Snowdownia.<\/strong> Napriek tomu, \u017ee walesk\u00fd princ<\/strong> LLywelyn Ve\u013ek\u00fd<\/strong> nemal k dispoz\u00edcii to\u013ek\u00fdch remeseln\u00edkov ako Eduard I., pevnos\u0165 plnila svoju funkciu. S\u00edce ju anglick\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e v roku 1283 dobyl, zachovala si walesk\u00e9 prvky \u2013 napr\u00edklad ve\u017ee v tvare \u201eD\u201c. Zatia\u013e \u010do anglo-normansk\u00ed rytieri v hradoch schov\u00e1vali poklady, Llywelyn sa zauj\u00edmal o dobytok. Chov hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat mal pre miestnu aristokraciu vysok\u00fa hodnotu<\/strong> pri v\u00fdmennom obchode.<\/p>\n Eduard I. na rozsiahly hrad Conwy minul nemal\u00e9 peniaze. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Stredovek\u00e9 opevnenie v\u00a0obci Conwy<\/strong> je naopak pr\u00edkladom honosnej\u0161\u00edch anglick\u00fdch stavieb<\/strong>. Mur\u00e1rska pr\u00e1ca majstra Juraja po sebe zanechala vysok\u00e9 ve\u017ee, z\u00e1vesn\u00e9 m\u00fary a\u00a0monument\u00e1lnu centr\u00e1lnu halu. V\u00fdh\u013ead na pohorie Snowdon si ale Eduard I. pr\u00edli\u0161 neu\u017eil. Ke\u010f sa miestni Walesania v roku 1284 vzb\u00farili, skr\u00fdval sa na hrade po\u010das Vianoc, s\u00a0jedn\u00fdm ute\u0161uj\u00facim sudom v\u00edna.<\/p>\n Postupom \u010dasu walesk\u00e9 hrady menili podobu. Boje ustali a\u00a0kamenn\u00e9 stavby prestali fungova\u0165 ako velite\u013esk\u00e9 centrum<\/strong>. Premenili sa na domy pln\u00e9 umenia a ok\u00e1zal\u00fdch dekor\u00e1ci\u00ed s\u00a0luxusn\u00fdmi z\u00e1hradami. Medzi tak\u00e9to z\u00e1mky patr\u00ed v\u00a0aj ten ne\u010faleko dediny Raglan<\/strong>. Od 15. storo\u010dia sa stal pansk\u00fdm s\u00eddlom, ktor\u00e9 disponuje roz\u013eahl\u00fdm dvorom a po\u010detn\u00fdmi apartm\u00e1nmi. N\u00e1dvorie lemuj\u00fa mohutn\u00e9 chrli\u010de<\/strong> a\u00a0umeleck\u00fd rozkvet predstavuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne rezb\u00e1rske diela<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1mok Caerphilly sa rozprestiera na 30-ich akroch chr\u00e1nen\u00fdch vodnou priekopou. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Z\u00e1mok Caerphilly<\/strong> predstavuje \u010fal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00edklad rozv\u00edjaj\u00facej sa stredovekej architekt\u00fary. N\u00e1js\u0165 ho m\u00f4\u017eete na juhu Walesu, kde ho dal postavi\u0165 normansk\u00fd bar\u00f3n Gilbert \u010cerven\u00fd<\/strong>. Usiloval sa o\u00a0impozantn\u00fa siluetu, ktor\u00e1 mala zablokova\u0165 prechod walesk\u00e9ho princa. Nakoniec sa mu to podarilo, preto\u017ee je vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii druh\u00fdm najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm hradom<\/strong> hne\u010f po Windsorskom s\u00eddle.<\/p>\n V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch bolo u\u017e p\u00f4vodnou my\u0161lienkou navrhn\u00fa\u0165 rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00eddlo a nie vojensk\u00fa pevnos\u0165<\/strong>. Po\u010das 19. storo\u010dia vo Walese prosperovalo ban\u00edctvo a bohat\u00fd majite\u013e bane si zaprial neo-normansk\u00fd vzh\u013ead z\u00e1mku Penrhyn<\/strong>. Obsahuje jednu z najlep\u0161\u00edch walesk\u00fdch zbierok obrazov od holandsk\u00fdch krajiniek po ben\u00e1tske majstrovsk\u00e9 diela.<\/p>\n Aj na stavbu hradu Rhuddlan dohliadal majster Juraj, ktor\u00e9ho slu\u017eby vyh\u013ead\u00e1val samotn\u00fd Eduard I. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Efektnos\u0165 walesk\u00fdch hradov spo\u010d\u00edva v\u00a0dvoch veciach. Zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa b\u00farliv\u00fa hist\u00f3riu krajiny<\/strong> a\u00a0umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa poh\u013ead na nezabudnute\u013en\u00e9 pozorovanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch kr\u00e1s<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad nad \u00fasekom rieky Clwyd sa nach\u00e1dza hrad Rhuddlan<\/strong>. V \u00fadol\u00ed Snowdonie n\u00e1jdete z\u00e1mok Harlech<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa vyp\u00edna nad takmer zvislou kamennou stenou. Preto ak va\u0161e t\u00falav\u00e9 top\u00e1nky l\u00e1kaj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve tieto z\u00e1\u017eitky, Wales je jednozna\u010dnou vo\u013ebou.<\/p>\n Zdroje:\u00a0 www.bbc.co.uk, www.castletourist.com, www.nationalgeographic.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Cover photo source: pexels.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Krajinu pusto\u0161ili bitky, hrady chr\u00e1nili bojovn\u00edkov Eur\u00f3pske krajiny ka\u017edoro\u010dne pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa turistov svojou stredovekou architekt\u00farou. V\u00a0takom Nemecku n\u00e1jdete dohromady 25\u00a0000 hradov. Pokia\u013e v\u0161ak ide o\u00a0pomer z\u00e1mkov<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7618"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7618\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Rozvoj kamenn\u00fdch opevnen\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Meniaca sa architekt\u00fara<\/h3>\n
Nov\u0161ie z\u00e1mky na \u017eiados\u0165 bohat\u00fdch<\/h3>\n