{"id":7647,"date":"2022-04-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/historia-naramkovych-hodiniek-200-rokov-vyvoja\/"},"modified":"2022-04-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T23:00:00","slug":"historia-naramkovych-hodiniek-200-rokov-vyvoja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/historia-naramkovych-hodiniek-200-rokov-vyvoja\/","title":{"rendered":"Hist\u00f3ria n\u00e1ramkov\u00fdch hodiniek: 200 rokov v\u00fdvoja"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kde to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo?<\/h3>\n

V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky star\u00e9 dve storo\u010dia a od svojho uvedenia pre\u0161li ve\u013ek\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom.<\/span><\/span> Potreba mera\u0165 \u010das existuje u\u017e nieko\u013eko tis\u00edcro\u010d\u00ed: pred 5000 rokmi star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania vyna\u0161li slne\u010dn\u00e9 hodiny.<\/strong><\/span><\/span> Ich\u00a0kruhov\u00fd dizajn a \u010dasov\u00e9 \u00faseky pomohli formova\u0165 vzh\u013ead modern\u00fdch hodiniek.<\/span><\/span> Od\u010d\u00edtanie \u010dasu bolo z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od slne\u010dn\u00e9ho svetla, a preto bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 len cez de\u0148.<\/span><\/span> Prv\u00e9 hodinky, ktor\u00e9 neboli z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na slne\u010dnom svetle, boli vodn\u00e9 hodiny<\/strong>.<\/span><\/span> V 14. storo\u010d\u00ed nasledovali pres\u00fdpacie a kruhov\u00e9 hodiny.<\/strong><\/span><\/span> Tie u\u017e obsahovali prv\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prvky, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti n\u00e1js\u0165 v mechanick\u00fdch hodink\u00e1ch. Vtedy v\u0161ak boli vcelku nepresn\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Od vreckov\u00fdch hodiniek k n\u00e1ramkov\u00fdm<\/h3>\n

Hodinky boli\u00a0 pomerne ve\u013ek\u00e9 a preto sa \u010dasto nosili na retiazke v zadnom vrecku.<\/span><\/span> Retiazkov\u00e9 hodinky ale be\u017en\u00ed \u013eudia v\u00f4bec nevlastnili.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Boli zdoben\u00e9 drah\u00fdmi luxusn\u00fdmi predmetmi, ktor\u00e9 si chudobn\u00fd \u013eud nemohol dovoli\u0165.<\/span><\/span> Od 13. storo\u010dia sa stali dostupn\u00fdmi aj pre be\u017en\u00e9 obyvate\u013estvo ve\u013ek\u00e9 hodiny na kostoln\u00fdch ve\u017eiach \u010di na trhovisk\u00e1ch a hlasn\u00fdm zvukom informovali o celej hodine alebo za\u010diatku jarmoku.<\/strong><\/span><\/span> Vyr\u00e1bali ich spo\u010diatku z\u00e1mo\u010dn\u00edci, no \u010dasom sa v\u010faka rast\u00facemu dopytu za\u010dala rozv\u00edja\u0165 hodin\u00e1rska profesia.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V 15. storo\u010d\u00ed vznikla \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e1 pru\u017eina umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faca kon\u0161trukciu presn\u00fdch hodiniek.<\/span><\/span> Vinut\u00e1 pru\u017eina nahradila v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 dlh\u00e9 kyvadlo a vytvorila tak z\u00e1klady pre miniaturiz\u00e1ciu hodiniek.<\/span><\/span> V roku 1673 vytvoril holandsk\u00fd fyzik, matematik a astron\u00f3m Christiaan Huygens<\/strong> hodinky so \u0161pir\u00e1lovou pru\u017einou a vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e boli relat\u00edvne mal\u00e9 a prenosn\u00e9.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Vreckov\u00e9 hodinky u\u017e neboli praktick\u00e9 pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed be\u017en\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. Zdroj: Pexels.com\n

Vydl\u00e1\u017edila sa cesta k men\u0161\u00edm hodink\u00e1m<\/h3>\n

Len o nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r v roku 1812 vyrobil franc\u00fazsky hodin\u00e1r a vyn\u00e1lezca \u0161vaj\u010diarskeho p\u00f4vodu Abraham-Louis Breguet prv\u00e9 zn\u00e1me n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky.<\/strong> Patrili kr\u00e1\u013eovnej Caroline Murat<\/strong>, Napoleonovej sestre. Na z\u00e1p\u00e4stie sa pripev\u0148ovali ramienkom<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Vtedy mu\u017ei nosili hodinky na retiazke pripevnenej na zadnom vrecku, narozdiel od \u017eien, ktor\u00e9 sa nimi p\u00fd\u0161ili<\/span><\/span> okolo krku. Tento trendov\u00fd o\u0161ia\u013e trval takmer storo\u010die.<\/span><\/span> N\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky si pomaly na\u0161li cestu do spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota a koncom 19. storo\u010dia u\u017e nech\u00fdbali v \u0161atn\u00edku sn\u00e1\u010f \u017eiadnej \u017eene.<\/span><\/span> D\u00e1my si ich prip\u00ednali\u00a0na stuhy alebo retiazky, dod\u00e1vali im jemnej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dych a p\u00f4sobili ako drahokamy.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

20. storo\u010die – ve\u013ekos\u0165 sa zmen\u0161uje, presnos\u0165 sa zlep\u0161uje<\/h3>\n

\u010coskoro sa v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee elegantn\u00e9 gesto vytiahnutia hodiniek z vrecka nebolo praktick\u00e9 v ka\u017edej situ\u00e1cii. Leteck\u00fd priekopn\u00edk Alberto Santos Dumont chcel pri lietan\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 obe ruky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sledova\u0165 hodinky.<\/strong> Jeho priate\u013e Louis Cartier mu preto v roku 1904 navrhol dodnes \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 Cartier Santos.<\/strong> Zrodili sa prv\u00e9 p\u00e1nske n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 a s nimi aj prv\u00e9 pilotn\u00e9 hodinky. Aj ke\u010f tie s dne\u0161n\u00fdmi leteck\u00fdmi hodinkami s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm r\u00e1mom nemaj\u00fa ve\u013ea spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bpolo\u017eili z\u00e1klad jednej z naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00edch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed hodiniek v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dias. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 takmer ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobca hodiniek vo svojej tvorbe aspo\u0148 jednu leteck\u00fa kolekciu.\u00a0<\/p>\n Ilustra\u010dn\u00fd obr\u00e1zok. Zdroj: Pexels.com\n

In\u0161pirovan\u00e9 vojnou<\/h3>\n

S vypuknut\u00edm prvej svetovej vojny sa ich pou\u017eitie roz\u0161\u00edrilo do mnoh\u00fdch oblast\u00ed – n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky oproti vreckov\u00fdm boli praktickej\u0161ie.<\/span><\/span> Spo\u010diatku ich nosili najm\u00e4 vojaci a piloti,<\/strong> ktor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvali \u010dasomiery v prvej svetovej vojne.<\/span><\/span> Vojna ovplyvnila<\/strong> ich vzh\u013ead a vlastnosti: Svietiace ru\u010di\u010dky pre lep\u0161iu \u010ditate\u013enos\u0165, n\u00e1razuvzdorn\u00e9 kryty a skl\u00ed\u010dko odoln\u00e9 proti po\u0161kriabaniu<\/strong>. <\/span><\/span>Aj dnes m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 okolnosti sa na hodink\u00e1ch v\u00fdrazne podp\u00edsali. Napr\u00edklad<\/span><\/span> tie od Breitling Navitimer<\/strong> s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00fdmi funkciami<\/strong> pre pomoc pilotom: oto\u010dn\u00e1 luneta posuvn\u00e9ho prav\u00edtka umo\u017e\u0148ovala presn\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty priamo z hodiniek a bez pou\u017eitia \u010fal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojov.<\/span><\/span> Dnes t\u00fato funkciu nahradili palubn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de.<\/span><\/span> Hist\u00f3ria sa st\u00e1le odr\u00e1\u017ea aj v dizajne hodiniek, luneta s posuvn\u00fdm prav\u00edtkom im dod\u00e1va tradi\u010dn\u00fd vzh\u013ead. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0Pri Rolex Air-King<\/strong> v\u00fdrobcovia kl\u00e1dli d\u00f4raz na minimalistick\u00fd dizajn a \u010ditate\u013enos\u0165 za zl\u00fdch sveteln\u00fdch podmienok.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cel\u00e9 minul\u00e9 storo\u010die sa trh menil<\/h3>\n

Prelomov\u00e9 boli 20. roky 20. storo\u010dia, kedy sa vyvinuli prv\u00e9 automatick\u00e9, samona\u0165ahovacie hodinky.<\/span><\/span> Presnej\u0161ie v<\/strong> roku 1931 Rolex uviedol na trh prv\u00fd samona\u0165ahovac\u00ed stroj\u010dek, Oyster Perpetual<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd nahradil ten s ru\u010dn\u00fdm na\u0165ahovan\u00edm. V\u00fdvoj v \u00a0tridsiatych rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia v\u00fdrazne ovplyvnili prv\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 hodinky s technol\u00f3giou quartz.<\/strong> Boli drah\u00e9, objemn\u00e9 a vyr\u00e1bali sa len v malom mno\u017estve na vedeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 modely sa spoliehali bu\u010f na st\u00e1ly zdroj elektrickej energie alebo mali ve\u013ek\u00e9 nepraktick\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie nevhodn\u00e9 na prepravu.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Neskor\u0161ie 80. roky priniesli nov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 procesy a hodin\u00e1rsky priemysel zmenil smer.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0160vaj\u010diarsky sa u\u017e nezameriaval len na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenov\u00fd segment, ale aj na lacnej\u0161ie hodinky s quartz technol\u00f3giou, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali dr\u017ea\u0165 krok s \u00e1zijskou konkurenciou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Dnes pozn\u00e1me u\u017e mno\u017estvo lacnej\u0161\u00edch alternat\u00edv a m\u00f4\u017ee si ich dovoli\u0165 zak\u00fapi\u0165 ktoko\u013evek. Zdroj: Pexels.com\n

Zdroje: watchmaster.com, watchtime.com<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kde to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo? V skuto\u010dnosti s\u00fa n\u00e1ramkov\u00e9 hodinky star\u00e9 dve storo\u010dia a od svojho uvedenia pre\u0161li ve\u013ek\u00fdm v\u00fdvojom. Potreba mera\u0165 \u010das existuje u\u017e nieko\u013eko<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7647"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7647\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}