{"id":7728,"date":"2024-07-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/nellie-bly-investigativna-zurnalistika\/"},"modified":"2024-07-10T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-09T23:00:00","slug":"nellie-bly-investigativna-zurnalistika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/nellie-bly-investigativna-zurnalistika\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201e10 dn\u00ed v bl\u00e1zinci.\u201c Ako Nellie Bly polo\u017eila z\u00e1klady investigat\u00edvnej \u017eurnalistiky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Od st\u013ap\u010dekov k\u00a0ve\u013ekej report\u00e1\u017ei<\/h3>\n<p>U\u017e je ak\u00fdmsi zvykom, \u017ee sa \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 filmy te\u0161ia ve\u013ekej popularite. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ide o svetozn\u00e1mych hercov, spev\u00e1kov \u010di \u0161portovcov. \u013dudia poznaj\u00fa ich s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 \u00faspechy a chc\u00fa sa dozvedie\u0165 viac o ceste na v\u00fdslnie. Niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy si na umocnenie dr\u00e1my pom\u00f4\u017eu fikciou, pri in\u00fdch by ste neverili, \u017ee sa nie\u010do tak\u00e9 mohlo naozaj sta\u0165. Druh\u00fdm pr\u00edpadom je <strong>pracovn\u00fd a osobn\u00fd \u017eivot report\u00e9rky Nellie Bly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vodn\u00e9 meno &#8211; <strong>Elizabeth Jane Cochran<\/strong> &#8211; pou\u017e\u00edvala dok\u00fdm sa nedostala k\u00a0prvej \u017eurnalistickej pr\u00edle\u017eitosti. Pod pseudonymom Nellie Bly za\u010dala p\u00edsa\u0165 pre noviny <em>Pitsburgh Dispatch<\/em>. Po \u010dase sa jej m\u00e1lilo tvori\u0165 st\u013ap\u010deky tematicky ur\u010den\u00e9 \u017een\u00e1m, preto sa pres\u0165ahovala do New Yorku. N\u00e1js\u0165 si v\u0161ak pr\u00e1cu v prostred\u00ed, ktor\u00e9mu dominovali mu\u017ei, bolo mimoriadne \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9. Nellie sa napriek tomu <strong>rozhodla uch\u00e1dza\u0165 o\u00a0miesto v\u00a0jednej z\u00a0najprest\u00ed\u017enej\u0161\u00edch redakci\u00ed<\/strong>. Vydavate\u013estvu <em>New York World<\/em>\u00a0 v tom \u010dase \u0161\u00e9foval <strong>Joseph Pulitzer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u017durnalistika sa pre \u0148u stala n\u00e1strojom na uskuto\u010dnenie pozit\u00edvnych soci\u00e1lnych zmien. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Nellie pon\u00fakla Pulitzerovi \u010dl\u00e1nok o sk\u00fasenostiach s imigrantmi v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch. Redaktor n\u00e1met odmietol, namiesto toho jej predlo\u017eil in\u00fa t\u00e9mu. Vyzval ju, aby <strong>presk\u00famala jedno z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch newyorsk\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pre du\u0161evne chor\u00fdch. N<\/strong>ach\u00e1dzalo sa na ostrove Blackwell a i\u0161lo o prv\u00fa nemocnicu tohto druhu pre mesto New York. Nellie Bly bola <strong>odhodlan\u00e1 uspie\u0165<\/strong>. Do in\u0161tit\u00fatu sa dok\u00e1zala dosta\u0165 \u013eah\u0161ie ne\u017e jej mu\u017esk\u00ed kolegovia. Z ve\u013ekej \u010dasti kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee lek\u00e1rom netrvalo dlho, k\u00fdm pos\u00fadili \u017eenu vo viktori\u00e1nskej \u00e9re ako \u201ehysterick\u00fa\u201c.<\/p>\n<h3>Vytvorila si presn\u00fd pl\u00e1n<\/h3>\n<p>Do Blackwellu sa v\u0161ak chcela dosta\u0165 postupne. <strong>Za\u010dala nav\u0161tevova\u0165 chudobince a\u00a0azylov\u00e9 domy<\/strong>, kde pozorovala, ako sa chvej\u00face \u017eeny delia o biedne jedlo. Vyd\u00e1vala sa za jednu z nich a<strong>\u00a0rozhodla sa predstiera\u0165 paranoju<\/strong>. Bola tak\u00e1 presved\u010div\u00e1, \u017ee \u017eena, s ktorou mala zdie\u013ea\u0165 izbu, pre istotu odmietla spolo\u010dn\u00fd noc\u013eah.<\/p>\n \u017deny boli za ak\u00fdko\u013evek &#8222;prehnan\u00fd&#8220; prejav em\u00f3ci\u00ed posudzovan\u00e9 ove\u013ea pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie ako mu\u017ei. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tne spr\u00e1vanie si v\u0161imli aj pracovn\u00edci azylu. Nellie utvrdila ich domnienky t\u00fdm, \u017ee sa im zverila so svojimi obavami. <strong>Nebola si ist\u00e1 kto je, odkia\u013e poch\u00e1dza,<\/strong> dokonca po ceste stratila kufor. Poslali ju teda na vy\u0161etrenie do nemocnice Bellevue. Report\u00e9rka <strong>c\u00edtila vzru\u0161enie z\u00a0toho, \u017ee by jej pl\u00e1n mohol skuto\u010dne vyjs\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Krut\u00fd pr\u00edstup a\u00a0nekompetentnos\u0165 lek\u00e1rov<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010das nasleduj\u00facich t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov sa Nellie utvrdila v jednom n\u00e1zore: <strong>Ak dost\u00e1vate verejn\u00fa pomoc, prich\u00e1dzate o schopnos\u0165 kritizova\u0165 jej fungovanie<\/strong>. Sestri\u010dky prosila o viac jedla alebo prikr\u00fdvku naviac, no v\u017edy jej odvrkli, \u017ee nem\u00e1 o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1zraky a zbyto\u010dne sa s\u0165a\u017euje. E\u0161te chv\u00ed\u013eu pokra\u010dovala vo svojej hre na vystra\u0161en\u00fa cudzinku, k\u00fdm ju nepresunuli do psychiatrick\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu.<\/p>\n Pod\u013ea report\u00e9rkinho svedectva person\u00e1l pacientov om\u00e1mil morfiom, aby sa v noci nepreberali. zdroj: unsplash.com\n<p>Blackwellov ostrov sa ve\u013emi nel\u00ed\u0161il od jej predo\u0161l\u00e9ho \u201eubytovania\u201c. <strong>Chlad a\u00a0nehostinn\u00e1 n\u00e1lada<\/strong> ur\u010dite nevytv\u00e1rala podmienky na zlep\u0161enie stavu pacientiek. Report\u00e9rka sledovala ako lek\u00e1ri chybne diagnostikovali \u010fal\u0161ie \u017eeny. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa do Ameriky dostala na\u010dierno, nevedeli anglicky a vykon\u00e1vali podradn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. <strong>Podv\u00fd\u017eiva, zima a t\u00fdranie,<\/strong> ktor\u00fdm \u010delili v azylovom dome, nijako nepomohli v ich zotaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Nellie sa s niektor\u00fdmi \u017eenami za\u010dala rozpr\u00e1va\u0165, ale u\u017e bez svojej predstieranej diagn\u00f3zy. Zistila tak, \u017ee \u201ebl\u00e1znenie\u201c \u013eud\u00ed v nemocnici pramenilo hlavne zo <strong>slab\u00fdch soci\u00e1lnych podmienok<\/strong>. Postupne ju v\u0161ak za\u010dalo znepokojova\u0165, \u017ee jej stav lek\u00e1ri na\u010falej posudzovali ako \u0165a\u017eko lie\u010dite\u013en\u00fd. Prejavy \u201enorm\u00e1lneho\u201c spr\u00e1vania pod\u013ea nich znamenali zvy\u0161uj\u00facu sa nestabilnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Neoblomnos\u0165 sa jej vyplatila<\/h3>\n<p>Na\u0161\u0165astie sa novin\u00e1rkin editor postaral o to, aby sa z Blackwellu po desiatich d\u0148och dostala. \u0160es\u0165dielny seri\u00e1l o jej z\u00e1\u017eitkoch urobil z Nellie Bly jednu z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch novin\u00e1rok v krajine. <strong>Z\u00e1znamy \u0161okovali verejnos\u0165 a\u00a0posvietili si na nedbanlivos\u0165 nemocn\u00edc pre psychicky chor\u00fdch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Vo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku uv\u00e1dza: <em><strong>\u201e\u010co, okrem mu\u010denia, by sp\u00f4sobilo \u0161ialenstvo r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako toto zaobch\u00e1dzanie?\u201c<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f sa pr\u00edbeh dostal do tla\u010de, Bly neskon\u010dila s rie\u0161en\u00edm situ\u00e1cie. Zistenia dala na s\u00fad a<strong> po\u017eadovala, aby sa in\u0161tit\u00fat d\u00f4kladne skontroloval<\/strong>. Napriek \u00fasiliu spr\u00e1vcov ututla\u0165 svoje \u010diny sa Nellie podarilo s\u00fady dohna\u0165 k tomu, aby konali spravodlivo. New York poskytol ostrovu Blackwell <strong>mili\u00f3n dol\u00e1rov\u00a0na uskuto\u010dnenie reforiem. <\/strong>Krut\u00e9 sestry \u010di neschopn\u00ed doktori dostali okam\u017eit\u00fa v\u00fdpove\u010f.<\/p>\n Nellie Bly odfotografovan\u00e1 kr\u00e1tko po n\u00e1vrate z cesty okolo sveta. zdroj: pinterest.com\n<p>Okrem odha\u013eovania newyorskej korupcie sa in\u0161pirovala knihou Julesa Vernea a\u00a0<strong>precestovala svet nie za 80, ale za 72 dn\u00ed. <\/strong>Nesk\u00f4r sa v\u010faka svojim \u00faspechom dostala do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch kruhov a zobrala si milion\u00e1ra Roberta Seamena. Po jeho smrti <strong>zdedila man\u017eelove ropn\u00e9 a oceliarske firmy<\/strong>. Viedla ich \u00faspe\u0161ne, dok\u00fdm nenarazila na podvodn\u00edkov z radov zamestnancov a podniky museli vyhl\u00e1si\u0165 bankrot.<\/p>\n<p>V neskor\u0161\u00edch rokoch sa Bly vr\u00e1tila k \u017eurnalistike, pri\u010dom<strong> p\u00edsala aj o prvej svetovej vojne<\/strong>. Osudnou sa jej stala pneum\u00f3nia, ktorej pod\u013eahla vo veku 57 rokov. Zanechala v\u0161ak po sebe plno v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch pr\u00e1c a \u017eurnalistick\u00fd svet si ju bude nav\u017edy pam\u00e4ta\u0165 ako priekopn\u00ed\u010dku investigat\u00edvnej \u017eurnalistiky.<\/p>\n<p><em>Jej pr\u00edbeh sa stal in\u0161pir\u00e1ciou pre telev\u00edzny film, Nellie Bly si zahrala Christina Ricci.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Escaping the Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story | Official Trailer | Lifetime\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qFjttOo4FLo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.allthatsinteresting.com, www.womenshistory.org<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie: pinterest.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Od st\u013ap\u010dekov k\u00a0ve\u013ekej report\u00e1\u017ei U\u017e je ak\u00fdmsi zvykom, \u017ee sa \u017eivotopisn\u00e9 filmy te\u0161ia ve\u013ekej popularite. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou ide o svetozn\u00e1mych hercov, spev\u00e1kov \u010di \u0161portovcov. \u013dudia poznaj\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7728"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7728\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}