{"id":7763,"date":"2022-06-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/niciva-sila-podmorskej-sopky-ako-ju-vystopovat\/"},"modified":"2022-06-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-06-23T23:00:00","slug":"niciva-sila-podmorskej-sopky-ako-ju-vystopovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/niciva-sila-podmorskej-sopky-ako-ju-vystopovat\/","title":{"rendered":"V \u010dom spo\u010d\u00edva ni\u010div\u00e1 sila podmorskej sopky a ako ju v\u010das vystopova\u0165?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Splnen\u00fdch katastrofick\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov u\u017e bolo dos\u0165. Vulkanol\u00f3govia d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee odhalia \u010fal\u0161ie \u010dinn\u00e9 sopky, \u010d\u00edm zlep\u0161ia syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varovania pred erupciami.<\/p>\n<h3>Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pre \u013eud\u00ed aj pre ekosyst\u00e9m<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00fdbuch sopky je javom, ktor\u00fd by zbl\u00edzka nechcel za\u017ei\u0165 nikto u\u00a0n\u00e1s. Pri akejko\u013evek sope\u010dnej erupcii st\u00fapa magma z hlb\u00edn Zeme na povrch pevniny. <strong>Magma obsahuje rozpusten\u00e9 bublaj\u00face plyny<\/strong>, preto\u017ee tlak na magmu sa zni\u017euje po\u010das jej st\u00fapania. V\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 erupcia nastane na s\u00fa\u0161i, kde sa tieto rozpusten\u00e9 plyny n\u00e1hle uvo\u013enia \u2013 proces je podobn\u00fd \u201ebuchnutiu\u201c \u0161ampansk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n Podmorsk\u00e9 sopky sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa \u0161kody koralom a r\u00f4znym \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchom. To samozrejme naru\u0161\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m v okol\u00ed miesta erupcie. zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve pri sope\u010dnej aktivite nesmieme zab\u00fada\u0165 na to, \u017ee <strong>prebieha aj na dne mora<\/strong>. Ke\u010f\u017ee je<strong> oce\u00e1nska k\u00f4ra<\/strong> relat\u00edvne tenk\u00e1, \u013eahko do nej prenik\u00e1 magma poch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca z \u00fatrob Zeme. T\u00e1to s\u00favisl\u00e1 magma vytvor\u00ed nov\u00fa oce\u00e1nsku k\u00f4ru, respekt\u00edve<strong> expanduje oce\u00e1nske dno<\/strong>. Kvitn\u00face dno oce\u00e1nu nepretr\u017eite vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a magmu, ktor\u00e1 dlhom \u010dase nahromad\u00ed svoje usadeniny a vyst\u00fapi do sopky.<\/p>\n<p>Hlb\u0161ie poznanie podmorsk\u00fdch erupci\u00ed je teda pre vedcov potrebnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pri \u010fal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdskumoch. Nielen preto, aby odhalili nebezpe\u010denstvo akt\u00edvnych sopiek, ale aj kv\u00f4li <strong>lep\u0161iemu ch\u00e1paniu ich vplyvu na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Jeden z\u00a0najni\u010divej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdbuchov za posledn\u00e9 storo\u010die<\/h3>\n<p>Po\u010das leta 1883 sa z kr\u00e1tera medzi ostrovmi J\u00e1va a Sumatra za\u010dali uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 oblaky popola a pary. \u010coraz b\u00farlivej\u0161ia sope\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 vyvrcholila<strong> 26. augusta 1883<\/strong>. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 ostrovov sa zr\u00fatila pod more a obrovsk\u00e9 pr\u00fady l\u00e1vy sa nezastavite\u013ene \u0161\u00edrili \u010falej. Nasledovalo cunami, ktor\u00e9 spusto\u0161ilo pri\u013eahl\u00e9 pobre\u017eia. Pr\u00edrodn\u00e1 katastrofa s bilanciou 36 000 obet\u00ed zaradila sopku <strong>Krakatoa<\/strong> k jednej z najsmrte\u013enej\u0161\u00edch podvodn\u00fdch erupci\u00ed v hist\u00f3rii.<\/p>\n<p>Expl\u00f3zia sopky takisto vytvorila <strong>najhlasnej\u0161\u00ed zvuk zaznamenan\u00fd v modernej hist\u00f3rii<\/strong>. V\u00fdbuch <strong>bolo po\u010du\u0165 na viac ako 10 % zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu<\/strong>. Spr\u00e1vy o\u00a0hluku pripom\u00ednaj\u00facom stre\u013ebu hl\u00e1sili z Austr\u00e1lie a ostrova Maur\u00edcius, viac ako 4 600 kilometrov od miesta erupcie. V priebehu nasleduj\u00facich hod\u00edn<strong> preleteli tlakov\u00e9 vlny nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t okolo zemegule<\/strong> a pr\u00edstroje merali n\u00e1hle skoky vo Ve\u013ekej Brit\u00e1nii aj v Amerike.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pozor na u\u0161i: takto znela n\u00e1razov\u00e1 vlna na mieste tohtoro\u010dnej erupcie<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Sonic boom from Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha&#039;apai Volcano\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/owlRuul5Tk4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Takmer o poldruha storo\u010dia nesk\u00f4r, <strong>15. janu\u00e1ra 2022<\/strong>, sa zo sp\u00e1nku prebudil \u010fal\u0161\u00ed podvodn\u00fd gigant. Tentoraz ni\u010div\u00fd vulk\u00e1n uk\u00e1zal svoju silu pri brehoch Tongy. Erupcia<strong> Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha&#8217;apai<\/strong> v\u0161ak bola svoj\u00edm formovan\u00edm odli\u0161n\u00e1. Z\u00edskan\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia priniesla nov\u00fd poh\u013ead na doteraj\u0161ie vedeck\u00e9 zistenia.<\/p>\n<h3>Neobvykl\u00e1 erupcia sopky<\/h3>\n<p>V apr\u00edli 2022 spustil novoz\u00e9landsk\u00fd<strong> N\u00e1rodn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat pre v\u00fdskum vody a atmosf\u00e9ry<\/strong> (Niwa) oce\u00e1nsku plavbu k Tonge. Ich plavidlo, <strong>RV Tangaroa<\/strong>, presk\u00famalo tis\u00edce \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch kilometrov morsk\u00e9ho dna. Zhroma\u017edili sa videoz\u00e1znamy a fyzick\u00e9 vzorky, ktor\u00e9 sa teraz \u0161tuduj\u00fa na s\u00fa\u0161i.<\/p>\n Astronaut na palube Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanice po v\u00fdbuchu odfotografoval popol nad ju\u017en\u00fdm Pacifikom. zdroj: nasa.gov\n<p><em><strong>\u201eTak\u00fdto \u201ev\u00fdstrel z\u00a0brokovnice\u201c bol ne\u0161tandardn\u00fd,\u201c<\/strong><\/em> povedal Kevin Mackay, sk\u00fasen\u00fd vulkanol\u00f3g a ved\u00faci plavby.<\/p>\n<p>Hunga Tonga sa nespr\u00e1vala pod\u013ea toho, \u010do o\u00a0podmorsk\u00fdch erupci\u00e1ch vedeli doteraz.<strong> Mas\u00edvny v\u00fdbuch<\/strong> <strong>sa nerozpt\u00fdlil do str\u00e1n, jeho energia smerovala do v\u00fd\u0161ky<\/strong>. Okrem cunami vznikli tie\u017e zvukov\u00e9 a atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 vlny. Dosiahli vzdialenos\u0165 viac ako 100 km do atmosf\u00e9ry a \u0161\u00edrili sa smerom von r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou pribli\u017ene dvakr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161ou ako pr\u00fadov\u00e9 lietadlo.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdstraha pre bud\u00facnos\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Jednou z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch foriem na objavenie podmorsk\u00fdch sopiek je <strong>hydroakustick\u00e9 monitorovanie<\/strong>. Tis\u00edcstup\u0148ov\u00e1 l\u00e1va pr\u00edde pri expl\u00f3zii do styku s mrzn\u00facou morskou vodou a vypar\u00ed sa. To sp\u00f4sob\u00ed v\u00fdbuch zvuku \u2013 od ostr\u00fdch prasknut\u00ed a hromov\u00fdch otrasov a\u017e po pomal\u00e9 dunenie. <strong>Seizmick\u00e1 energia sa premie\u0148a na podvodn\u00fa akustick\u00fa energiu<\/strong> na hranici morsk\u00e9ho dna a\u00a0vody.<\/p>\n<p>Zvukov\u00e9 vlny zameriavaj\u00fa takzvan\u00e9 <strong>hydrof\u00f3ny.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00e1jden\u00e9 akustick\u00e9 \u00fadaje poskytuj\u00fa<strong> inform\u00e1cie o umiestnen\u00ed l\u00e1vov\u00fdch pr\u00fadov, pr\u00edpadne varuj\u00fa pred bl\u00ed\u017eiacimi sa alebo prebiehaj\u00facimi erupciami.<\/strong><\/p>\n Hunga Tonga podnietila vedcov, aby prehodnotili svoje my\u0161lienky o nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 sopky \u010d\u00edhaj\u00face pod oce\u00e1nmi. zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa st\u00e1le pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa da\u0165 dokopy s\u00e9riu udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pod\u013ea akejko\u013evek metriky vytvorili jednu z najni\u010divej\u0161\u00edch erupci\u00ed storo\u010dia.<strong> V\u00fdbuch Tongy uvo\u013enil ston\u00e1sobok mechanickej energie rovnaj\u00facej sa jadrovej expl\u00f3zii v\u00a0Hiro\u0161ime<\/strong>. Naru\u0161ila sa infra\u0161trukt\u00fara a\u00a0<strong>12\u00a0000 dom\u00e1cnosti<\/strong> (cca 80% obyvate\u013estva) sa nem\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 k\u00a0z\u00e1sob\u00e1m pitnej vody bez pomoci ostatn\u00fdch kraj\u00edn.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u010div\u00e1 sila sopky v\u0161ak mala dominov\u00fd efekt. <strong>Zem je posiata \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi podmorsk\u00fdmi sopkami<\/strong> \u2013 niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me, in\u00e9 e\u0161te len \u010dakaj\u00fa na objavenie. \u0160t\u00fadiom Hunga Tonga sa m\u00f4\u017eeme dozvedie\u0165 viac o tom, ak\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 opatrenia treba prija\u0165, pokia\u013e ide o tieto podmorsk\u00e9 \u010dasovan\u00e9 bomby.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.bbc.com, www.ocean.si.edu.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroj titulnej fotografie: unsplash.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Splnen\u00fdch katastrofick\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov u\u017e bolo dos\u0165. Vulkanol\u00f3govia d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee odhalia \u010fal\u0161ie \u010dinn\u00e9 sopky, \u010d\u00edm zlep\u0161ia syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varovania pred erupciami. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pre \u013eud\u00ed aj pre<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7763"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7763\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}