{"id":7776,"date":"2022-06-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/co-je-to-ramadan\/"},"modified":"2022-06-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T23:00:00","slug":"co-je-to-ramadan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/co-je-to-ramadan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je to ramad\u00e1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ramad\u00e1n je pre moslimov posv\u00e4tn\u00fd mesiac p\u00f4stu, introspekcie a modlitby.<\/p>\n

Oslavuje sa ako mesiac, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho Mohamed dostal prv\u00e9 zjavenia Kor\u00e1nu<\/strong>, sv\u00e4tej knihy pre moslimov. P\u00f4st je jedn\u00fdm z piatich z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch princ\u00edpov islamu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 po\u010das ramad\u00e1nu moslimovia nejedia ani nepij\u00fa<\/strong> od \u00fasvitu, do z\u00e1padu slnka. Tie\u017e sa maj\u00fa vyh\u00fdba\u0165 ne\u010dist\u00fdm my\u0161lienkam a zl\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Koniec ramad\u00e1nu sa oslavuje trojd\u0148ov\u00fdm sviatkom zn\u00e1mym ako Eid al-Fitr<\/strong>, jeden z hlavn\u00fdch sviatkov islamu. Ramad\u00e1n 2022 sa za\u010d\u00edna z\u00e1padom slnka v sobotu 2. apr\u00edla a kon\u010d\u00ed v pondelok 2. m\u00e1ja ve\u010der.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fakty o islame<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Islam je po kres\u0165anstve druh\u00e9 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo na svete<\/strong> a m\u00e1 viac ako 1 miliardu nasledovn\u00edkov. Islam poch\u00e1dza z Ar\u00e1bie a roz\u0161\u00edril sa do cel\u00e9ho sveta.<\/p>\n

Medzi krajiny s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou moslimskou popul\u00e1ciou patria Indon\u00e9zia, Pakistan, Banglad\u00e9\u0161, Nig\u00e9ria, Egypt, Turecko a Ir\u00e1n<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Moslimovia veria, \u017ee okolo roku 610 n. l. Mohamed (asi 570-632), z arabsk\u00e9ho mesta Mekka, za\u010dal dost\u00e1va\u0165 zjavenia od Boha alebo Alaha prostredn\u00edctvom anjela Gabriela. Zjavenia boli zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 do 114-kapitolovej sv\u00e4tej knihy zn\u00e1mej ako Kor\u00e1n, o ktorej moslimovia veria, \u017ee obsahuje presn\u00e9 slov\u00e1 Boha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mohamed je pod\u013ea moslimov posledn\u00fdm prorokom v rade prorokov vr\u00e1tane Adama, Abrah\u00e1ma, Moj\u017ei\u0161a a Je\u017ei\u0161a, ktor\u00fdch si Boh vybral, aby p\u00f4sobili ako poslovia a u\u010dili \u013eudstvo. Moslimovia veria, \u017ee existuje jeden v\u0161evediaci Boh a \u013eudia m\u00f4\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 sp\u00e1su dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm jeho prik\u00e1zan\u00ed<\/strong>. V arab\u010dine znamen\u00e1 islam \u201epodriadenie sa\u201c alebo \u201eodovzdanie sa\u201c (Bohu).<\/p>\n

S\u00e9ria form\u00e1lnych aktov uctievania, zn\u00e1mych ako p\u00e4\u0165 pilierov islamu, je z\u00e1kladom \u017eivota moslimov. Medzi piliere patr\u00ed \u0161ah\u00e1da (vyhl\u00e1senie viery); modlitba (moslimovia sa modlia p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t denne); zak\u00e1t (charitat\u00edvne darovanie); p\u00f4st a p\u00fa\u0165 (od moslimov sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee aspo\u0148 raz za \u017eivot si urobia v\u00fdlet alebo \u201ehad\u017ed\u017e\u201c do mesta Mekka v Saudskej Ar\u00e1bii, ak s\u00fa fyzicky a finan\u010dne schopn\u00ed).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kedy je ramad\u00e1n?<\/h3>\n

Ramad\u00e1n 2022 za\u010d\u00edna z\u00e1padom slnka v sobotu 2. apr\u00edla a kon\u010d\u00ed v pondelok 2. m\u00e1ja.<\/p>\n

Ramad\u00e1n je deviaty mesiac 12-mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho islamsk\u00e9ho kalend\u00e1ra, lun\u00e1rneho kalend\u00e1ra, ktor\u00fd je zalo\u017een\u00fd na f\u00e1zach mesiaca<\/strong>. Lun\u00e1rny kalend\u00e1r zaost\u00e1va za slne\u010dn\u00fdm kalend\u00e1rom o 11 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee ramad\u00e1n neza\u010d\u00edna ka\u017ed\u00fd rok v rovnak\u00fd de\u0148<\/strong> a namiesto toho \u010dasom prech\u00e1dza v\u0161etk\u00fdmi ro\u010dn\u00fdmi obdobiami.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Moslimovia v\u00edtaj\u00fa p\u00f4stny mesiac ramad\u00e1n. Zdroj: spravy.pravda.sk\n

Pre\u010do sa oslavuje ramad\u00e1n?<\/h3>\n

Ramad\u00e1n sa oslavuje ako mesiac, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho Mohamed dostal od Boha prv\u00e9 odhalenia toho, \u010do sa stalo Kor\u00e1nom, sv\u00e4tou knihou pre moslimov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pravidl\u00e1 ramad\u00e1nu<\/h3>\n

Po\u010das ramad\u00e1nu sa moslimovia ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 postia od \u00fasvitu do s\u00famraku. Mali by sa vyh\u00fdba\u0165 jedeniu, pitiu, faj\u010deniu a sexu\u00e1lnej aktivite, ako aj nel\u00e1skav\u00fdm alebo ne\u010dist\u00fdm my\u0161lienkam a slov\u00e1m a nemor\u00e1lnemu spr\u00e1vaniu.<\/p>\n

Ramad\u00e1n je \u010das na precvi\u010denie sebakontroly a sebareflexie<\/strong>. P\u00f4st je vn\u00edman\u00fd ako sp\u00f4sob, ako o\u010disti\u0165 du\u0161u a vc\u00edti\u0165 sa do \u013eud\u00ed vo svete, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa hladn\u00ed a menej \u0161\u0165astn\u00ed. Moslimovia chodia do pr\u00e1ce a \u0161koly, a staraj\u00fa sa o svoje obvykl\u00e9 aktivity po\u010das ramad\u00e1nu – niektor\u00ed v\u0161ak tie\u017e \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa cel\u00fd Kor\u00e1n, modlia sa \u0161peci\u00e1lne modlitby a v tomto \u010dase \u010dastej\u0161ie nav\u0161tevuj\u00fa me\u0161ity.<\/p>\n

V\u0161etci moslimovia, ktor\u00ed dosiahli pubertu a s\u00fa v dobrom zdravotnom stave, sa musia posti\u0165<\/strong>. Chor\u00ed a star\u00ed \u013eudia spolu s cestuj\u00facimi, tehotn\u00fdmi \u017eenami a t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed doj\u010dia, s\u00fa osloboden\u00ed, hoci by si mali niekedy v bud\u00facnosti nahradi\u0165 zame\u0161kan\u00e9 p\u00f4stne dni alebo pom\u00f4c\u0165 nas\u00fdti\u0165 chudobn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9 jedlo d\u0148a pred \u00fasvitom po\u010das ramad\u00e1nu sa naz\u00fdva \u201esuhoor\u201c. Ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 sa p\u00f4st preru\u0161\u00ed jedlom zn\u00e1mym ako \u201eiftar\u201c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Eid al-Fitr<\/h3>\n

Z\u00e1ver ramad\u00e1nu sa nesie v znamen\u00ed ve\u013ekej oslavy zn\u00e1mej ako Eid al-Fitr. Za\u010d\u00edna sa de\u0148 po skon\u010den\u00ed ramad\u00e1nu a trv\u00e1 tri dni.<\/p>\n

Eid al-Fitr zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161peci\u00e1lne modlitby a jedl\u00e1 s priate\u013emi a pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi a \u010dasto sa vymie\u0148aj\u00fa dar\u010deky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

V roku 1996 hostila vtedaj\u0161ia prv\u00e1 d\u00e1ma Hillary Clintonov\u00e1 prv\u00fa ve\u010deru Eid al-Fitr v Bielom dome<\/strong>. Prezident Bill Clinton pokra\u010doval v trad\u00edcii po zvy\u0161ok svojho p\u00f4sobenia v \u00farade.<\/p>\n

Jeho n\u00e1stupca, prezident George W. Bush, usporiadal iftar v Bielom dome v roku 2001, a pokra\u010doval vo ve\u010deriach ka\u017ed\u00fd rok po\u010das dvoch funk\u010dn\u00fdch obdob\u00ed pri moci. Prezident Barack Obama ho nasledoval a usporiadal svoju prv\u00fa ramad\u00e1nov\u00fa ve\u010deru v Bielom dome v auguste 2010.<\/strong> Po jej vynechan\u00ed v roku 2017 usporiadal prezident Donald Trump ve\u010dere iftar na po\u010des\u0165 moslimsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho mesiaca v rokoch 2018 a 2019.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ramad\u00e1n je pre moslimov posv\u00e4tn\u00fd mesiac p\u00f4stu, introspekcie a modlitby. Oslavuje sa ako mesiac, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho Mohamed dostal prv\u00e9 zjavenia Kor\u00e1nu, sv\u00e4tej knihy pre moslimov.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7776\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}