{"id":7803,"date":"2022-07-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-15T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/cina-testuje-specialnu-plachtu-na-zabranenie-sirenia-vesmirneho-odpadu\/"},"modified":"2022-07-16T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-15T23:00:00","slug":"cina-testuje-specialnu-plachtu-na-zabranenie-sirenia-vesmirneho-odpadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/cina-testuje-specialnu-plachtu-na-zabranenie-sirenia-vesmirneho-odpadu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edna testuje \u0161peci\u00e1lnu plachtu na zabr\u00e1nenie \u0161\u00edrenia vesm\u00edrneho odpadu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vedci v \u010c\u00edne \u00faspe\u0161ne predviedli <strong>nov\u00fa technol\u00f3giu pre boj proti vesm\u00edrnemu odpadu<\/strong> na orbite Zeme. Na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he \u00faspe\u0161ne rozvinuli <strong>obrovsk\u00fa deorbituj\u00facu plachtu<\/strong> pripevnen\u00fa na raketu Long March 2D. Vedci s\u013eubuj\u00fa, \u017ee im tento syst\u00e9m<strong> zlep\u0161\u00ed kontrolu nad \u0161\u00edren\u00edm vesm\u00edrneho odpadu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Ultratenk\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00e1to plachta je vyroben\u00e1 z <strong>ve\u013emi tenk\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu<\/strong>, tak\u017ee jej\u00a0 hr\u00fabka dosahuje <strong>menej ako desatinu priemeru \u013eudsk\u00e9ho vlasu<\/strong>. V\u010faka tomu je plachta <strong>\u013eahk\u00e1<\/strong> a navy\u0161e ve\u013emi dobre roztiahnute\u013en\u00e1. Vedci, ktor\u00ed stoja za jej vytvoren\u00edm, d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u010faka jej ve\u013ekosti a malej hmotnosti bude m\u00f4c\u0165 by\u0165 syst\u00e9m tak\u00fdchto plachiet <strong>umiestnen\u00fd na ka\u017edom novom satelite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Zariadenie na odstra\u0148ovanie satelitov z be\u017enej dr\u00e1hy bolo vyvinut\u00e9 v <strong>\u0160anghajskej akad\u00e9mii technol\u00f3gi\u00ed vesm\u00edrnych letov<\/strong> (Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology). Je navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby pomohlo nefunk\u010dn\u00e9mu satelitu opusti\u0165 obe\u017en\u00fa dr\u00e1hu a ten mohol n\u00e1sledne <strong>kontrolovane zhorie\u0165 v atmosf\u00e9re<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Testovac\u00ed let<\/h3>\n<p>Tenk\u00e1 plachta bola po\u010das testu <strong>namontovan\u00e1 na n\u00e1kladn\u00fd stupe\u0148 rakety Long March 2D<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 bola do vesm\u00edru vypusten\u00e1 23. j\u00fana z Xichang Satellite Launch Center v juhoz\u00e1padnej \u010c\u00edne a okrem prebiehaj\u00faceho projektu \u00faspe\u0161ne vypustil 3 satelity. Pod\u013ea inform\u00e1ci\u00ed zo \u0160anghajskej akad\u00e9mie bol syst\u00e9m na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he <strong>plne rozvinut\u00fd 26. j\u00fana<\/strong>. Syst\u00e9m plachiet m\u00e1 <strong>plochu 25 metrov \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ve v\u010faka tomuto m\u00f4\u017ee syst\u00e9m umo\u017eni\u0165 <strong>300 kilogramov\u00e9mu horn\u00e9mu stup\u0148u rakety<\/strong> r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie vst\u00fapi\u0165 do zemskej atmosf\u00e9ry. Syst\u00e9m plachiet po rozvinut\u00ed p\u00f4sob\u00ed na raketu ako pad\u00e1k, ktor\u00fd ju spomal\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho odporu rakety.<\/p>\n<p>Horn\u00fd stupe\u0148 pohybuj\u00faci sa <strong>vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 491 kilometrov<\/strong> v\u0161ak men\u00ed svoju r\u00fdchlos\u0165 pomaly, preto\u017ee tenk\u00e1 plachta vyu\u017e\u00edva len aerodynamick\u00fd odpor tvoren\u00fd riedkou atmosf\u00e9rou, ale st\u00e1le tento <strong>proces prebieha r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie<\/strong> ako jeho prirodzen\u00e1 deorbit\u00e1cia. Spom\u00ednan\u00fd horn\u00fd stupe\u0148 rakety Long March 2D pou\u017eit\u00fd na testovanie bude \u00faspe\u0161ne odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd z obe\u017enej dr\u00e1hy <strong>nie sk\u00f4r ako o dva roky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00edna a projekt Taurus<\/h3>\n<p>Satelity toti\u017e aj po skon\u010den\u00ed svojej \u017eivotnosti m\u00f4\u017eu na be\u017enej dr\u00e1he vydr\u017ea\u0165 <strong>e\u0161te nieko\u013eko desiatok rokov<\/strong> ak sa neprijm\u00fa opatrenia na ich odstr\u00e1nenie. Pou\u017eitie plachty tak m\u00f4\u017ee tento \u010das <strong>rap\u00eddne skr\u00e1ti\u0165<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edna podobn\u00fa technol\u00f3giu u\u017e raz testovala. V\u00a0septembri 2019 experimentovala v r\u00e1mci projektu s\u00a0ozna\u010den\u00edm <strong>Taurus<\/strong> s\u00a0plachtou s\u00a0povrchom 2,25 metra \u0161tvorcov\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 vesm\u00edrna stanica [Unsplash]\n<h3>Vesm\u00edrny odpad<\/h3>\n<p>Vesm\u00edrny odpad predstavuje <strong>obrovsk\u00fa hrozbu pre satelity, ale aj pos\u00e1dku<\/strong> na Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici (ISS). Pri zr\u00e1\u017eke dvoch satelitov sa vytvor\u00ed mno\u017estvo trosiek, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1sledne rozpt\u00fdlia vo vesm\u00edre <strong>na ploche nieko\u013eko stoviek kilometrov<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9to \u00falomky potom obiehaj\u00fa okolo Zeme a\u00a0ohrozuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie satelity, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa <strong>komunik\u00e1ciu, navig\u00e1ciu, z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 syst\u00e9my alebo monitorovanie po\u010dasia<\/strong>. V\u0161etky tieto veci s\u00fa pre \u013eudstvo ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0takmer 5\u00a0000 satelitov,\u00a0 ktor\u00e9 sa st\u00e1le nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he Zeme, <strong>funguje len 2\u00a0000<\/strong>. Zvy\u0161n\u00fdch 3\u00a0000 je tak klasifikovan\u00fdch ako vesm\u00edrny odpad. Navy\u0161e NASA sleduje <strong>a\u017e 27\u00a0000 men\u0161\u00edch \u00falomkov na n\u00edzkej obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he<\/strong>. Tie okolo Zeme obiehaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 25\u00a0000 kilometrov za hodinu. Najnov\u0161ie \u00fadaje dokonca uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee tak\u00fdchto objektov okolo Zeme obieha a\u017e<strong> 31\u00a0650<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Zdroje: Space.com, Gizmodo, OEM Magazine, Newsweek<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vedci v \u010c\u00edne \u00faspe\u0161ne predviedli nov\u00fa technol\u00f3giu pre boj proti vesm\u00edrnemu odpadu na orbite Zeme. Na obe\u017enej dr\u00e1he \u00faspe\u0161ne rozvinuli obrovsk\u00fa deorbituj\u00facu plachtu pripevnen\u00fa na<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7803\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}