{"id":7809,"date":"2022-07-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/geotermalna-energia-vytazime-viac-vdaka-rontgenovym-lucom\/"},"modified":"2022-07-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T23:00:00","slug":"geotermalna-energia-vytazime-viac-vdaka-rontgenovym-lucom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/geotermalna-energia-vytazime-viac-vdaka-rontgenovym-lucom\/","title":{"rendered":"Geoterm\u00e1lna energia: Vy\u0165a\u017e\u00edme viac v\u010faka r\u00f6ntgenov\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pokrok pri \u0165a\u017ebe geoterm\u00e1lneho tepla sa m\u00f4\u017ee dostavi\u0165 sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e by ste \u010dakali. In\u017einieri z\u00a0Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s\u00a0nov\u00fdm, \u00faspornej\u0161\u00edm pl\u00e1nom.<\/p>\n<h3>Vn\u00fatorn\u00fd zdroj, na ktor\u00fd nesmieme zab\u00fada\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>Geoterm\u00e1lna energia poh\u00e1\u0148a na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu u\u017e od nepam\u00e4ti. <strong>Zemsk\u00e9 vn\u00fatro neust\u00e1le generuje teplo<\/strong> zo svojich \u00fatrob a\u00a0je takmer nevy\u010derpate\u013en\u00fdm pr\u00edrodn\u00fdm zdrojom. Ohrev t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0dom\u00e1cnostiach a\u00a0priemyselnom sektore viac ne\u017e 80 kraj\u00edn. O\u00a0prv\u00e9 prie\u010dky sa del\u00ed Island, \u010c\u00edna, Turecko, Japonsko a\u00a0Ma\u010farsko.<\/p>\n Z gejz\u00edrov sa takisto dok\u00e1\u017ee \u010derpa\u0165 geoterm\u00e1lna energia. Vzh\u013eadom na ich nest\u00e1los\u0165 sa odtia\u013e teplo z\u00edskava ve\u013emi opatrne. zdroj: pexels.com\n<p>Zemsk\u00e9 teplo dok\u00e1\u017eeme vyu\u017ei\u0165 aj na<strong> v\u00fdrobu elektrickej energie<\/strong>. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa <strong>tri mechanizmy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Such\u00e1 para<\/strong> \u2013 Zo z\u00e1sobn\u00edka pr\u00fadi para s teplotou nad 150 \u00b0C, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje mechanick\u00fa silu potrebn\u00fa na ot\u00e1\u010danie turb\u00edn, \u010d\u00edm sa vyr\u00e1ba elektrina.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prudk\u00e9 vyparovanie<\/strong> \u2013 Voda s teplotou nad 180\u00b0C te\u010die alebo sa pre\u010derp\u00e1va cez studne v zemi pod vlastn\u00fdm tlakom, k\u00fdm sa nevytvor\u00ed para. Zvy\u0161n\u00e1 voda a kondenzovan\u00e1 para sa vstrekuj\u00fa sp\u00e4\u0165 do z\u00e1sobn\u00edka, aby z\u00edskali teplo z okolia a mohli sa znova pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Organick\u00fd Rankinov cyklus<\/strong> \u2013 inak naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj bin\u00e1rny cyklus. Voda v\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade ohrieva pracovn\u00fa kvapalinu v\u00a0hermeticky uzavretom sekund\u00e1rnom kruhu. Vznik\u00e1 para poh\u00e1\u0148aj\u00faca turb\u00ednu gener\u00e1tora, a\u00a0t\u00fdm vytv\u00e1ra elektrick\u00fa energiu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Slovensko taktie\u017e podnik\u00e1 kroky k zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu geoterm\u00e1lnej energie. Napriek tomu, \u017ee doteraz i\u0161lo hlavne o rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, hor\u00face pramene sa postupne dostali aj do energetick\u00e9ho odvetvia. Minul\u00fd rok z Pre\u0161ovsk\u00e9ho okresu pri\u0161la spr\u00e1va, \u017ee <strong>ne\u010faleko krajsk\u00e9ho mesta <\/strong>vyrastie<strong> geoterm\u00e1lna elektr\u00e1re\u0148<\/strong>. Fungova\u0165 by mala pr\u00e1ve na b\u00e1ze spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho Rankinovho cyklu.<\/p>\n<h3>Efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ia \u0165a\u017eba<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek v\u00fdhod\u00e1m vo\u010di \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu, <strong>\u0165a\u017eba geoterm\u00e1lnej energie sa stret\u00e1va s\u00a0viacer\u00fdmi v\u00fdzvami<\/strong>. Vylep\u0161en\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne chc\u00fa z\u00a0pr\u00edrodnej sily vy\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 \u010do najviac a<strong>\u00a0v\u0155tan\u00edm roz\u0161iruj\u00fa trhliny v\u00a0zemskej k\u00f4re<\/strong>. Nane\u0161\u0165astie, pr\u00e1ve kv\u00f4li tomu hroz\u00ed <strong>v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie riziko vzniku zemetrasen\u00ed<\/strong>. Mechanick\u00e9 vrt\u00e1ky maj\u00fa takisto ur\u010dit\u00fa dobu \u017eivotnosti. <strong>Je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee by sa geoterm\u00e1lna energia dala z\u00edska\u0165 aj inak?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Odpove\u010f na tento probl\u00e9m mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 u\u00a0Paula Woskova. V\u00fdskumn\u00fd in\u017einier pre MIT posledn\u00fdch 14 rokov vyv\u00edjal <strong>\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa met\u00f3du pre ekologickej\u0161ie elektr\u00e1rne<\/strong>. Cie\u013eom je <strong>roztavi\u0165 horninu pomocou r\u00f6ntgenov\u00fdch l\u00fa\u010dov<\/strong> a efekt\u00edvne transformova\u0165 zastaran\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rne tak, aby spracovali \u010dist\u00fa energiu.<\/p>\n<h3>Energetick\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de namiesto \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch strojov<\/h3>\n<p>Nov\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm by mohlo by\u0165 zariadenie vy\u017earuj\u00face mikrovlny naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <strong>gyrotr\u00f3n<\/strong>. Nejde o\u00a0nov\u00fd pojem, vo v\u00fdskume sa pou\u017e\u00edva u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia. Prospe\u0161n\u00fd je najm\u00e4 pri\u00a0ohreve materi\u00e1lu po\u010das pokusov jadrovej f\u00fazie.<\/p>\n<p>Ambici\u00f3zny pl\u00e1n naberie re\u00e1lne kont\u00fary v\u010faka spolo\u010dnosti <strong>Quaise<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 zastre\u0161uje cel\u00fd projekt. Firma od ministerstva energetiky z\u00edskala potrebn\u00e9 financie, aby mohla vykona\u0165 testy pod\u013ea Woskovov\u00fdch zisten\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m \u010derpaj\u00faci geoterm\u00e1lnu energiu pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa spusti\u0165 u\u017e <strong>v\u00a0roku 2026<\/strong>. V\u0155tacia plo\u0161ina poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e1 gyrotr\u00f3nom vytvor\u00ed prostredn\u00edctvom l\u00fa\u010dov za\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd vrt. V\u010faka tomu sa <strong>u\u013eah\u010d\u00ed pr\u00edstup ku geoterm\u00e1lemu teplu<\/strong> bez doteraj\u0161ieho mechanizmu na h\u013abenie.<\/p>\n<p>Woskov aj z\u00e1stupcovia Quaise pozeraj\u00fa na bud\u00facnos\u0165 optimisticky.<em> <strong>\u201eKe\u010f vyrie\u0161ime okam\u017eit\u00e9 technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my prenosu \u010dist\u00e9ho l\u00fa\u010da a jeho prev\u00e1dzky pri vysokej hustote energie bez poruchy, ur\u00fdchli to z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce,\u201c<\/strong><\/em> hovor\u00ed Paul Woskov.<\/p>\n<h3>Udr\u017eate\u013enos\u0165 sa t\u00fdka aj elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00edm Quaise, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 by\u0165 dokon\u010den\u00fd do konca roka, chce vypari\u0165 dieru, ktor\u00e1 je desa\u0165kr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako h\u013abka Woskovov\u00fdch laborat\u00f3rnych pokusov. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 d\u00fafa, \u017ee do \u0161tyroch rokov za\u010dne v ter\u00e9nnych testoch odparova\u0165 horninu a \u0165a\u017ei\u0165 energiu z pilotn\u00fdch geoterm\u00e1lnych vrtov<strong> s teplotou a\u017e 500 stup\u0148ov Celzia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Dosiahnu\u0165 vyr\u00e1banie energie s minim\u00e1lnymi emisiami je beh na dlh\u00e9 trate, nie je to v\u0161ak nepredstavite\u013en\u00e1 my\u0161lienka. zdroj: pixabay.com\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee svet smeruje k zni\u017eovaniu emisi\u00ed uhl\u00edka, geoterm\u00e1lna energia v\u00a0sebe ukr\u00fdva n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvnu a n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm cie\u013eom je teda<strong> pozmeni\u0165 fungovanie elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti produkuj\u00fa pevn\u00fd odpad. Ak sa pou\u017eij\u00fa bin\u00e1rne geoterm\u00e1lne elektr\u00e1rne, emisie pary a in\u00fdch ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edch produktov sa poznate\u013ene zn\u00ed\u017eia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zdroje: www.blog.greenlogy.com, www.erce.com, www.interestinengeneering.com<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cover photo source: pexels.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokrok pri \u0165a\u017ebe geoterm\u00e1lneho tepla sa m\u00f4\u017ee dostavi\u0165 sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e by ste \u010dakali. In\u017einieri z\u00a0Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho in\u0161tit\u00fatu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s\u00a0nov\u00fdm, \u00faspornej\u0161\u00edm pl\u00e1nom. Vn\u00fatorn\u00fd zdroj, na ktor\u00fd<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7809\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}