{"id":7812,"date":"2022-07-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-07-05T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/preco-zraloky-utocia\/"},"modified":"2022-07-06T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-07-05T23:00:00","slug":"preco-zraloky-utocia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/preco-zraloky-utocia\/","title":{"rendered":"Pre\u010do \u017eraloky \u00fato\u010dia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Napriek aktu\u00e1lnym spr\u00e1vam v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee \u00fatoky \u017eralokov s\u00fa na vzostupe, tak\u00e9to \u00fatoky na \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa mimoriadne zriedkav\u00e9 a e\u0161te zriedkavej\u0161ie s\u00fa smrte\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do po\u010det zaznamenan\u00fdch \u00fatokov \u017eralokov v posledn\u00fdch rokoch vzr\u00e1stol, miera na obyvate\u013ea nie<\/strong>. N\u00e1\u0161 druh jednoducho prech\u00e1dza mas\u00edvnou popula\u010dnou expl\u00f3ziou, tak\u017ee viac \u013eud\u00ed tr\u00e1vi \u010das vo vode, najm\u00e4 ke\u010f sa roz\u0161iruj\u00fa mo\u017enosti vodnej rekre\u00e1cie, a teda viac z n\u00e1s je vystaven\u00fdch riziku stretnutia so \u017eralokmi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Vyv\u00edjame tie\u017e ove\u013ea efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy dokumentovania t\u00fdchto stretnut\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 mohli by\u0165 v minulosti nedostato\u010dne hl\u00e1sen\u00e9<\/strong> \u2013 a \u010do je mo\u017eno najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, z\u00edskavame lep\u0161ie pochopenie toho, pre\u010do s\u00fa strety so \u017eralokmi pre \u013eud\u00ed rizikov\u00e9, a \u010do s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face faktory \u00fatokov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n S\u00fa\u0165a\u017e v surfovan\u00ed v Ju\u017enej Afrike bola v nede\u013eu zru\u0161en\u00e1 po tom, \u010do majstrovsk\u00fd surfer Mick Fanning unikol \u00fatoku \u017eraloka v \u00favodn\u00fdch min\u00fatach z\u00e1vere\u010dnej rozplavby. Fanning u\u0161iel s odrezan\u00fdm vod\u00edtkom na svojej surfovej doske. Pre telev\u00edziu World Surf League TV povedal, \u017ee \u017eraloka \u201eudrel\u201c \u201edo chrbta\u201c, aby ho odpla\u0161il. Zdroj: edition.cnn.com\n

<\/h3>\n

Doned\u00e1vna prevl\u00e1daj\u00face n\u00e1zory, pripisovali \u00fatoky \u017eralokov na \u013eud\u00ed, ako nespr\u00e1vne zameran\u00e9 pokusy o k\u0155menie<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sme si mysleli, \u017ee \u017eraloky uhryzli \u013eud\u00ed, preto\u017ee vyzerali ako potrava, To nie je, ako sa ukazuje, \u00faplne presn\u00e9. V d\u00f4sledku intenz\u00edvneho sk\u00famania spr\u00e1vania \u017eralokov sa v\u0161ak objavila skupina \u010fal\u0161\u00edch faktorov zodpovedn\u00fdch za \u00fatoky \u017eralokov. Obraz surferov s rukami visiacimi na dosk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00fdch \u017eraloky zospodu vn\u00edmaj\u00fa ako tulene, bol do zna\u010dnej miery zavrhnut\u00fd<\/strong>. \u017draloky maj\u00fa mimoriadne siln\u00fd zrak a je nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by si pom\u00fdlili surfera s tule\u0148om. V zakalen\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee nepravideln\u00fd pohyb \u013eud\u00ed a kontrast medzi ich poko\u017ekou a oble\u010den\u00edm zmias\u0165 \u017eraloky.<\/p>\n

Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee najm\u00e4 v plyt\u0161\u00edch vod\u00e1ch pri brehu<\/strong>, kde sa men\u0161ie druhy m\u00f4\u017eu k\u0155mi\u0165 h\u00fafmi men\u0161\u00edch r\u00fdb, doch\u00e1dza k mnoh\u00fdm stretnutiam so \u017eralokmi jedonoducho zo zm\u00e4tku. \u017dralok, fokusovan\u00fd na to, aby zachytil \u010doko\u013evek, \u010do na dia\u013eku vyzer\u00e1 ako ml\u00e1caj\u00faca sa ryba \u2013 napr\u00edklad chodidlo s op\u00e1len\u00fdm vrchom a bled\u0161\u00edm spodkom \u2013 m\u00f4\u017ee n\u00e1hodne uhryzn\u00fa\u0165 \u010dloveka v rozb\u00farenom pr\u00edboji preplnenej pl\u00e1\u017ee<\/strong>. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov tieto typy stretnut\u00ed pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z jedn\u00e9ho uhryznutia, po ktorom \u017eralok odpl\u00e1ve.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pre\u010do s\u00fa v\u0161ak surferi a in\u00ed plavci v hlb\u0161ej vode napadnut\u00ed, ak ich \u017eraloky nevn\u00edmaj\u00fa ako potravu?<\/h3>\n

V pr\u00edpade ve\u013ek\u00fdch bielych \u017eralokov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spolu so \u017eralokmi modr\u00fdmi a tigr\u00edmi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edmi a najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi druhmi, o ktor\u00fdch je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dia na \u013eud\u00ed, existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne svedeck\u00e9 v\u00fdpovede.<\/p>\n

Od t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed \u00fatoky pre\u017eili, vieme, \u017ee \u017eraloky mo\u017eno jednoducho sk\u00famali cudzie predmety vo vode. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u00fatokov sa ur\u010dite nepodobala na ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 techniky lovu, ke\u010f maj\u00fa \u017eraloky chu\u0165 na tulene.<\/strong> Ke\u010f je na jed\u00e1lnom l\u00edstku tule\u0148, alebo in\u00e1 prirodzen\u00e1 potrava pre \u017eraloka, biely \u017eralok sa pribli\u017euje zospodu ve\u013ekou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, pri\u010dom \u010dasto preraz\u00ed hladinu a vyhod\u00ed zviera do vzduchu predt\u00fdm, ako sa presunie na k\u0155menie. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina stretnut\u00ed s \u013eu\u010fmi je ove\u013ea menej v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1<\/strong>. Dokonca aj smrte\u013en\u00e9 \u00fatoky naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ved\u00fa k odchodu \u017eraloka po uhryznut\u00ed alebo dvoch, bez z\u00e1ujmu o konzum\u00e1ciu ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9ho plavca.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Ocean Ramsey sa vzn\u00e1\u0161a nad ve\u013ek\u00fdm bielym \u017eralokom. Foto: Juan Oliphant.\n

Vzh\u013eadom na silu, s akou s\u00fa tieto stvorenia schopn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0165, bolo navrhnut\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie vysvetlenie.<\/h3>\n

\u017draloky s\u00fa jednoducho zvedav\u00e9, a ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa dominantn\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tormi vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine oce\u00e1nskych ekosyst\u00e9mov, neboja sa.<\/p>\n

Ich \u00fasta tie\u017e funguj\u00fa ako jemne vyladen\u00e9 zmyslov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 \u017eralokom sl\u00fa\u017eia ako prostriedok na presk\u00famanie, a ur\u010denie mo\u017enej potravinovej hodnoty. Ich \u010fasn\u00e1 a mierne pohybliv\u00e9 zuby s\u00fa tak\u00e9 citliv\u00e9, \u017ee sa predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eu odhadn\u00fa\u0165 pravdepodobn\u00fd obsah tuku v potenci\u00e1lnej koristi. \u013dudia z\u010faleka nedosahuj\u00fa BMI tule\u0148ov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee viacer\u00e9 stretnutia s \u010dlovekom s\u00fa pravdepodobne v\u00fdsledkom toho, \u017ee \u017eraloky akt\u00edvne posudzuj\u00fa, \u010di stoj\u00ed za to zjes\u0165 \u010dloveka, nie cielen\u00fd pokus ho zjes\u0165. Rozdiel je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd: \u017eraloky po\u010das tak\u00fdchto \u00fatokov nerobia \u201echyby\u201c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm faktorom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v hre, je teritorialita \u017eralokov.<\/h3>\n

Aj ke\u010f nemusia ma\u0165 nevyhnutne \u00fazemia v tom zmysle, ako to maj\u00fa suchozemsk\u00ed pred\u00e1tori, medzi \u017eralokmi existuje zrejm\u00e1 hierarchia dominancie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m je jednoduch\u00fd: najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie \u017eraloky z\u00edskaj\u00fa najlep\u0161ie miesta na lov<\/strong>. Vp\u00e1dy men\u0161\u00edch \u017eralokov s\u00fa zablokovan\u00e9 a votrelci s\u00fa v pr\u00edpade potreby n\u00e1silne vys\u0165ahovan\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 stretnutia \u017eralokov m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 v\u00fdsledkom prirodzen\u00e9ho in\u0161tinktu \u017eraloka br\u00e1ni\u0165 svoj zdroj potravy pred ostatn\u00fdmi z\u00e1ujemcami.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bez oh\u013eadu na kone\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu \u00fatokov \u017eralokov sme pre nich ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou hrozbou ako oni pre n\u00e1s. Zni\u010dili sme ich popul\u00e1ciu, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sme ich z\u00e1merne aj ako ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed \u00falovok ulovili pribli\u017ene 100 mili\u00f3nov.<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Napriek aktu\u00e1lnym spr\u00e1vam v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee \u00fatoky \u017eralokov s\u00fa na vzostupe, tak\u00e9to \u00fatoky na \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa mimoriadne zriedkav\u00e9 a e\u0161te zriedkavej\u0161ie s\u00fa smrte\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7812\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}