Najlep\u0161ie je pou\u010di\u0165 sa z\u00a0ch\u00fdb t\u00fdch druh\u00fdch. Jadro d\u00e9mona predstavilo svoju silu, napriek tomu ju mnoh\u00ed fat\u00e1lne podcenili.<\/p>\n
Druh\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 vojna je nepochybne najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm ozbrojen\u00fdm bojom v na\u0161ich dejin\u00e1ch. Po jej skon\u010den\u00ed a ni\u010div\u00fdch dopadoch jadrov\u00fdch b\u00f4mb na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki sa schy\u013eovalo k studenej vojne. Obrovsk\u00e1 de\u0161trukcia<\/strong> a sila, ktor\u00fa s\u013eubovali at\u00f3mov\u00e9 bomby, priviedli svetov\u00e9 superve\u013emoci do \u0161ialenstva v oblasti jadrov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu. \u0160t\u00e1ty si potrebovali vytvori\u0165 vlastn\u00fd arzen\u00e1l na pr\u00edpadn\u00fd \u00fatok alebo obranu.<\/p>\n Pam\u00e4tn\u00edk mieru v Hiro\u0161ime. Je jedinou budovou, ktor\u00e1 ostala st\u00e1\u0165 v bl\u00edzkosti epicentra v\u00fdbuchu. zdroj: unsplash.com\n Ke\u010f bomby s\u00a0n\u00e1zvami \u201eLittle Boy\u201c<\/strong> and \u201eFat Man\u201c<\/strong> pripravili o\u00a0\u017eivot vy\u0161e 200\u00a0000 civilistov, cis\u00e1r Hirohito<\/strong> vyhl\u00e1sil kapitul\u00e1ciu svojich vojsk. Ak by sa st\u00e1le odmietal vzda\u0165, tretia bomba by zasiahla \u010fal\u0161ie japonsk\u00e9 mesto iba o\u00a0p\u00e1r dn\u00ed nesk\u00f4r. U\u0161etrili sa tak tis\u00edce \u017eivotov, no znamenalo to aj zachovanie plut\u00f3niov\u00e9ho jadra<\/strong> na \u010fal\u0161ie testovanie.<\/p>\n Vy\u0161e \u0161es\u0165 kilogramov \u010dist\u00e9ho plut\u00f3nia a g\u00e1lia<\/strong> u\u017e viac nebolo potrebn\u00fdch na zastra\u0161enie japonsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda. Srdce at\u00f3movej bomby dostalo pracovn\u00e9 meno Rufus a vedci sa mohli venova\u0165 \u0161tudovaniu jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed. Laborat\u00f3rium v Novom Mexiku sa v\u0161ak stalo svedkom incidentov, kv\u00f4li ktor\u00fdm si r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvna masa vysl\u00fa\u017eila in\u00fa prez\u00fdvku \u2013 jadro d\u00e9mona (demon core).<\/p>\n Riziko pri pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvnym materi\u00e1lom<\/strong> poznali v\u0161etci. Pok\u00fa\u0161ali sa dosta\u0165 k\u00a0momentu, ktor\u00fd hrani\u010dil s\u00a0najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm nebezpe\u010denstvom a\u00a0jedna chyba mohla znamena\u0165 smr\u0165. Testovali Rufusove limity, dokonca pre to mali \u0161pecifick\u00fd slang, \u201e\u0161teklenie dra\u010dieho chvosta\u201c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Mesto Los Alamos <\/strong>v\u00a0Novom Mexiku je s\u00eddlom laborat\u00f3ria, kde pracoval aj fyzik Harry Daghlian<\/strong>. \u010co viedlo k\u00a0tomu, aby sa iba so str\u00e1\u017enikom vybral presk\u00fama\u0165 plut\u00f3niov\u00e9 jadro, nevedno. Mo\u017eno potreboval pokoj pri pr\u00e1ci alebo chcel predbehn\u00fa\u0165 svojich kolegov. Tak \u010di onak, t\u00fdmto rozhodnut\u00edm poru\u0161il nieko\u013eko bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch predpisov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n \u017diadne ochrann\u00e9 rukavice, \u017eiaden \u0161peci\u00e1lny oblek. Daghlian obklopoval jadro tehlami, ktor\u00e9 neutr\u00f3ny z\u00a0jadra vy\u0165ahovali a\u00a0odr\u00e1\u017eali nasp\u00e4\u0165 do stredu. Zariadenie na monitorovanie neutr\u00f3nov mu signalizovalo, kedy bola miera za\u0165a\u017eenia nesmierne kritick\u00e1<\/strong>. Daghlian sa natiahol, aby odstr\u00e1nil jednu z\u00a0teh\u00e1l, ale t\u00e1 mu padla priamo do stredu plut\u00f3niov\u00e9ho jadra.<\/p>\n Zo stredu za\u010dalo vy\u017earova\u0165 modr\u00e9 svetlo a\u00a0vzduch sa okam\u017eite oteplil<\/strong>. Vedec holou rukou tehlu odstr\u00e1nil<\/strong> a kon\u010datinou mu pre\u0161lo nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 brnenie. Cel\u00e1 udalos\u0165 trvala iba p\u00e1r sek\u00fand, no sta\u010dilo to dos\u0165 na to, aby sa do jeho tela dostala smrte\u013en\u00e1 d\u00e1vka radi\u00e1cie<\/strong>. Str\u00e1\u017enik bol \u017eiareniu taktie\u017e vystaven\u00fd, ale bol to pr\u00e1ve Harry Daghlian, ktor\u00fd po d\u0148och pln\u00fdch bolesti upadol do k\u00f3my a viac sa neprebral.<\/p>\n Po Daghlianovej nehode sa opatrenia spr\u00edsnili. Napriek tomu k\u00a0Rufusovi pr\u00edstup nezak\u00e1zali<\/strong>. Nepre\u0161iel ani rok a\u00a0\u010fal\u0161\u00ed fyzik, Louis Slotin<\/strong> spolu so svoj\u00edm t\u00edmom vykon\u00e1val nov\u00fd experiment. Kupola z\u00a0ber\u00fdlia<\/strong> signalizovala, ako ve\u013emi bolo jadro vystaven\u00e9 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu za\u0165a\u017eeniu. Aby sa kryt nedot\u00fdkal r\u00e1dioakt\u00edvnej hmoty, odde\u013eoval ju skrutkova\u010dom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Rekon\u0161trukcia Slotinovho pokusu. zdroj: Los Alamos National Laboratorium\n Op\u00e4\u0165 sta\u010dila sekunda a\u00a0skrutkova\u010d sa po\u0161mykol, \u010d\u00edm ber\u00fdliov\u00e1 kupola kompletne zakryla jadro. Aj po\u010das slne\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u0148a v\u0161etci v\u00a0miestnosti spozorovali modr\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa teplotu. Slotin s\u00edce zareagoval r\u00fdchlo a\u00a0kryt podoprel, st\u00e1lo ho to v\u0161ak \u017eivot. U\u017e dev\u00e4\u0165 dn\u00ed po incidente pod\u013eahol bolestiv\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom radi\u00e1cie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Pracovn\u00fd n\u00e1zov Rufus sa v\u00a0priebehu roka zmenil na jadro d\u00e9mona. Paradoxne, na samotnom jadre nebolo ni\u010d d\u00e9monick\u00e9. I\u0161lo sk\u00f4r o \u00famysly, ktor\u00e9 \u013eudia mali pri jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Straten\u00e9 \u017eivoty dostato\u010dne zamestnali tvorcov protokolov o\u00a0bezpe\u010dnosti pri pr\u00e1ci. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci nar\u00e1bania s\u00a0nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lom sa zaviedli dia\u013ekov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dania<\/strong> and\u00a0vedci si museli dr\u017ea\u0165 odstup v\u00a0rozsahu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch stoviek metrov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 testovanie jadrov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed s kryc\u00edm n\u00e1zvom Crossroads prebiehalo od 1.7 do 25.7 1946. zdroj: pixabay.com\n Demon\u0161tr\u00e1cie \u00fa\u010dinkov jadrovej bomby neprestali ani po vojne. Vzniklo nieko\u013eko testovac\u00edch meste\u010diek<\/strong> s\u00a0domami a\u00a0obchodmi, dokonalo napodob\u0148uj\u00facimi \u0161t\u00fdl druhej polovice 40-tych rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia. Rozsah radi\u00e1cie plut\u00f3niovej gule sa nebezpe\u010dne zvy\u0161oval, preto sa nepou\u017eila pri oper\u00e1cii Crossroads<\/strong>. Namiesto toho jadro roztavili pre pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 neskor\u0161ie pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n Aj ke\u010f je smr\u0165 dvoch vedcov neporovnate\u013en\u00e1 s mierou trag\u00e9die v Hiro\u0161ime a Nagasaki, je jasn\u00e9, pre\u010do dostalo jadro nov\u00e9 pomenovanie. Dnes vieme nepochybne viac o jadrov\u00fdch v\u00fdbuchoch a ich n\u00e1sledkoch<\/strong>. Vedomosti o jej hroziv\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkoch v\u0161ak mali aj t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed ju sk\u00famali z bezprostrednej bl\u00edzkosti. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1 sa im stala osudnou a je zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face, \u017ee pri jadre, ktor\u00e9 vyhladilo mest\u00e1, st\u00e1li iba v bielych pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165och a ochrann\u00fdch okuliaroch.<\/p>\n Zdroje: www.iflscience.com, www.sciencealert.com<\/strong><\/p>\n Zdroj titulnej fotografie: Los Alamos National Laboratory<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Najlep\u0161ie je pou\u010di\u0165 sa z\u00a0ch\u00fdb t\u00fdch druh\u00fdch. Jadro d\u00e9mona predstavilo svoju silu, napriek tomu ju mnoh\u00ed fat\u00e1lne podcenili. \u00dastup pred jadrov\u00fdm konfliktom Druh\u00e1 svetov\u00e1 vojna<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7815"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7815\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Obrovsk\u00fd risk si vy\u017eiadal prv\u00fa obe\u0165<\/h3>\n
Nepou\u010dili sa z\u00a0predo\u0161lej trag\u00e9die<\/h3>\n
Neopatrnos\u0165 sa nevypl\u00e1ca<\/h3>\n