{"id":7825,"date":"2024-02-02T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/deepfake-zaziva-obrovsky-rozmach-nielen-na-tiktoku-ako-ich-rozpoznat-a-nestat-sa-obetou-podvodu\/"},"modified":"2024-02-02T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T23:00:00","slug":"deepfake-zaziva-obrovsky-rozmach-nielen-na-tiktoku-ako-ich-rozpoznat-a-nestat-sa-obetou-podvodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/deepfake-zaziva-obrovsky-rozmach-nielen-na-tiktoku-ako-ich-rozpoznat-a-nestat-sa-obetou-podvodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Deepfake za\u017e\u00edva obrovsk\u00fd rozmach nielen na TikToku a je hlavne o porne. Ako sa nesta\u0165 sa obe\u0165ou podvodu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u010co je to deepfake?<\/h3>\n<p>Deepfake s\u00fa vide\u00e1, v ktor\u00fdch bola tv\u00e1r alebo telo subjektu digit\u00e1lne zmenen\u00e9, aby vyzerali ako niekto in\u00fd \u2013 zvy\u010dajne verejne zn\u00e1ma osoba.<\/p>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z pozoruhodn\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov je \u00fa\u010det @deeptomcriuse na TikToku, ktor\u00fd u\u017e zverejnil desiatky deepfake vide\u00ed napodob\u0148uj\u00facich Toma Cruisa a pril\u00e1kal tak pribli\u017ene 3,6 mili\u00f3na sledovate\u013eov. Tieto vide\u00e1 sa stali vir\u00e1lnymi a medializovan\u00fdmi pre svoju vysok\u00fa mieru autentickosti. Autor t\u00fdchto vide\u00ed v\u0161ak verejne tieto vide\u00e1 ozna\u010duje ako deepfake, aby uviedol vec na prav\u00fa mieru.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno sa objavilo aj mno\u017estvo pomerne hl\u00fapych vide\u00ed s hercami ako Robert Pattinson a Keanu Reeves &#8211; hl\u00fapych preto, \u017ee osoby vo vide\u00e1ch robia nezmyseln\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Cie\u013eom nie je diskreditova\u0165, ale pouk\u00e1za\u0165 na silu takejto technol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px; min-width: 325px;\" cite=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@deeptomcruise\/video\/6943945763927985414\" data-video-id=\"6943945763927985414\">\n<section>@deeptomcruiseStill got it.\u266c origineel geluid &#8211; Tom<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Hoci sa deepfakes \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kreat\u00edvne alebo pre z\u00e1bavu, \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj v dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch kampaniach, na podvody s identitou a na diskredit\u00e1ciu verejn\u00fdch \u010dinite\u013eov a celebr\u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>A aj ke\u010f je technol\u00f3gia potrebn\u00e1 na ich v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, st\u00e1va sa \u010doraz dostupnej\u0161ou, tak\u017ee detek\u010dn\u00fd softv\u00e9r a regul\u00e1cia zaost\u00e1vaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Jedna vec je ist\u00e1 \u2013 deepfakes s\u00fa tu a internetov\u00e1 verejnos\u0165 sa s nimi mus\u00ed vysporiada\u0165. \u010co s nimi teda m\u00f4\u017eeme urobi\u0165?<\/p>\n<h3>Technol\u00f3gia pripraven\u00e1 na zneu\u017eitie<\/h3>\n<p>Napriek tomu, \u017ee evidentne existuje aj z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie technol\u00f3gie deepfake (napr\u00edklad aplik\u00e1cia Reface), z\u00e1rove\u0148 podnecuje vznik v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov, napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa ako \u201ed\u00f4kaz\u201c pre \u010fal\u0161ie falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a dezinform\u00e1cie;<\/li>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa na diskredit\u00e1ciu celebr\u00edt a in\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch \u017eivobytie z\u00e1vis\u00ed od zdie\u013eania obsahu pri zachovan\u00ed reput\u00e1cie;<\/li>\n<li>sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ekosti pri poskytovan\u00ed overite\u013en\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov pre politick\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, zdravotn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a predvolebn\u00e9 kampane.<\/li>\n<li>zneu\u017e\u00edvanie deepfake technol\u00f3gie v pornografii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Najm\u00e4 posledn\u00fd bod vzbudzuje \u0161peci\u00e1lne obavy. V roku 2019 softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 firma Deeptrace na detekciu deepfake zistila, \u017ee <strong>a\u017e 96 % zo 14 000 deepfake vide\u00ed malo pornografick\u00fd charakter<\/strong>. Bezplatn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, ako napr\u00edklad dnes u\u017e neexistuj\u00faca DeepNude 2.0, boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 na to, aby sa oble\u010den\u00e9 \u017eeny na z\u00e1beroch javili ako nah\u00e9, \u010dasto na pomstu a na vydieranie. V podstate i\u0161lo o softv\u00e9r schopn\u00fd graficky odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 plavky tak, \u017ee nahota vyzerala autenticky.<\/p>\n<p>V Austr\u00e1lii aplik\u00e1cie na deepfake dokonca umo\u017enili p\u00e1chate\u013eom obch\u00e1dza\u0165 z\u00e1kony o \u201erevenge porn\u201c \u2013 probl\u00e9m, o ktorom sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee sa \u010doskoro stane z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edm. Ide o tak\u00e9 vide\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 boli zverejnen\u00e9 nespokojn\u00fdmi b\u00fdval\u00fdmi partnermi bez s\u00fahlasu druhej strany. Ke\u010f tak\u00fdto \u010dlovek nem\u00e1 vlastn\u00e9 video, vie si jedno tak\u00e9 skr\u00e1tka vyrobi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho sa <strong>deepfakes pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj pri podvodoch s identitou a podvodoch<\/strong>, najm\u00e4 vo forme video spr\u00e1v od d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9ho \u201ekolegu\u201c alebo \u201epr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho\u201c po\u017eaduj\u00faceho prevod pe\u0148az\u00ed. Jedna \u0161t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee podvody s identitou pomocou digit\u00e1lnej manipul\u00e1cie st\u00e1li americk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 in\u0161tit\u00facie v roku 2020 a\u017e 20 mili\u00e1rd americk\u00fdch dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n<h3>Rast\u00face obavy<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Tvorcovia deepfake zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa mno\u017estvo \u010dasu a \u00fasilia, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa, aby tieto vide\u00e1 vyzerali realisticky<\/strong>. Vezmite Chrisa Umeho, umelca vizu\u00e1lnych efektov a umelej inteligencie, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za \u00fa\u010dtom @deeptomcruise TikTok. Ke\u010f sa tento \u00fa\u010det minul\u00fd rok dostal na titulky, Ume povedal pre The Verge \u201enem\u00f4\u017eete to urobi\u0165 jednoduch\u00fdm stla\u010den\u00edm tla\u010didla\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Ale existuj\u00fa dobr\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy, \u017ee deepfake je \u010doraz jednoduch\u0161ie zhotovi\u0165 aj bez \u0161peci\u00e1lnych zru\u010dnost\u00ed a techniky. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z iniciat\u00edvy Organiz\u00e1cie Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov Global Pulse uk\u00e1zali, ako mo\u017eno prejavy realisticky sfal\u0161ova\u0165 u\u017e za 13 min\u00fat.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm viac sa deepfake vyv\u00edja, m\u00f4\u017eeme o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee <strong>menej zru\u010dn\u00ed \u013eudia bud\u00fa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie produkova\u0165 autenticky vyzeraj\u00faci obsah<\/strong>. Len sa zamyslite nad t\u00fdm, ak\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fd rozmach zaznamenala \u00faprava fotografi\u00ed za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010die &#8211; prakticky ktoko\u013evek s mobilom si dnes m\u00f4\u017ee virtu\u00e1lne vylep\u0161i\u0165 postavu, ple\u0165, vlasy \u010di sa dosadi\u0165 do prostredia, v ktorom re\u00e1lne nikdy nebol. Toto ist\u00e9 sa o\u010dak\u00e1va aj v s\u00favislosti s deepfake videami.<\/p>\n<h3>Legislat\u00edva sa sna\u017e\u00ed dr\u017ea\u0165 krok, ale&#8230;<\/h3>\n<p>V roku 2019 bol Facebook kritizovan\u00fd za to, \u017ee neodstr\u00e1nil sfal\u0161ovan\u00e9 video americkej politi\u010dky Nancy Pelosiovej po tom, \u010do nesplnilo jeho defin\u00edciu deepfake. Facebook v\u0161ak deepfake vide\u00e1 ako tak\u00e9 zak\u00e1zal, tak\u017ee by sa viac nemali \u0161\u00edri\u0165. \u010ci ich ale vie riadne detegova\u0165, je ot\u00e1zkou. Ak aj \u00e1no, bude to ma\u0165 \u010doraz n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p>V roku 2020 Twitter zak\u00e1zal zdie\u013eanie \u201esyntetick\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed\u201c a obsahov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eud\u00ed klama\u0165, zmias\u0165 alebo ubl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 (okrem pr\u00edpadov, ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edva ozna\u010denie). TikTok urobil to ist\u00e9. A YouTube zak\u00e1zal deepfakes s\u00favisiace s feder\u00e1lnymi vo\u013ebami v USA v roku 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Ale aj ke\u010f s\u00fa to dobre mienen\u00e9 z\u00e1sady, je nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee moder\u00e1tori platforiem bud\u00fa schopn\u00ed reagova\u0165 na hl\u00e1senia a odstra\u0148ova\u0165 deepfake falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy dostato\u010dne r\u00fdchlo.<\/p>\n<p>A hoci sa v z\u00e1mor\u00ed za\u010dali pokusy o vypracovanie z\u00e1konov, tieto s\u00fa zameran\u00e9 na politick\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu. Kalifornia napr\u00edklad zak\u00e1zala uverej\u0148ovanie alebo distrib\u00faciu digit\u00e1lne manipulovan\u00e9ho obsahu kandid\u00e1ta po\u010das volieb \u2013 ale nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnu ochranu pre nepolitikov alebo celebrity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>No a potom si predstavte, ak\u00fa ochranu maj\u00fa be\u017en\u00ed smrte\u013en\u00edci, ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 diskreditovan\u00ed tie\u017e? Dnes fakticky \u017eiadnu.<\/strong> Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di je falo\u0161n\u00e1 diskredit\u00e1cia celo\u0161t\u00e1tna alebo iba v malej komunite, <strong>ujmu sp\u00f4sobuje v\u017edy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako odhali\u0165 deepfake?<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00fdm z najlep\u0161\u00edch prostriedkov proti \u0161kodliv\u00fdm deepfakes je, aby sa pou\u017e\u00edvatelia vybavili \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom detek\u010dn\u00fdch zru\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fdm znakom deepfaku je zvy\u010dajne to, \u017ee sa nie\u010do bude c\u00edti\u0165 \u201eneporiadne\u201c. Ak \u00e1no, pozrite sa pozornej\u0161ie na tv\u00e1r objektu a op\u00fdtajte sa sami seba:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Je tv\u00e1r pr\u00edli\u0161 hladk\u00e1 alebo s\u00fa na nej nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 tiene na l\u00edcnych kostiach?<\/li>\n<li>Zdaj\u00fa sa v\u00e1m pohyby o\u010dn\u00fdch vie\u010dok a \u00fast neprirodzen\u00e9, n\u00faten\u00e9 alebo inak skreslen\u00e9?<\/li>\n<li>Vyzeraj\u00fa vlasy realisticky? S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia deepfake sa sna\u017e\u00ed zachova\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fd vzh\u013ead vlasov (najm\u00e4 na tv\u00e1ri), d\u00f4sledkom \u010doho vyzeraj\u00fa v pohybe nerealisticky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd je aj kontext:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Op\u00fdtajte sa sami seba, \u010do postava hovor\u00ed alebo rob\u00ed. Di\u0161tancuj\u00fa sa od vakc\u00edn alebo \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00fa v porno klipe? V\u0161etko, \u010do sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 neprirodzen\u00e9 alebo v rozpore s verejn\u00fdmi znalos\u0165ami, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 relevantn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>H\u013eadajte online k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slov\u00e1 o videu alebo osobe v \u0148om, preto\u017ee mnoho podozriv\u00fdch deepfake u\u017e bolo odhalen\u00fdch.<\/li>\n<li>Sk\u00faste pos\u00fadi\u0165 spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 zdroja \u2013 zd\u00e1 sa prav\u00fd, korektn\u00fd? Ak ste na platforme soci\u00e1lnych m\u00e9di\u00ed, je \u00fa\u010det autora overen\u00fd? Zdie\u013ea tak\u00e9to video niekto, kto je zn\u00e1my senz\u00e1ciami, \u00fadajn\u00fdmi odhaleniami \u010di \u201eodha\u013eovan\u00edm skrytej pravdy\u201c? Ak \u00e1no, je ve\u013ek\u00e1 pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee obsah je sfal\u0161ovan\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nakoniec, ak sa v\u00e1m podar\u00ed odhali\u0165 deepfake, nenech\u00e1vajte si to pre seba.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u017edy stla\u010dte tla\u010didlo nahl\u00e1si\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00fd\/nevhodn\u00fd obsah a ne\u0161\u00edrte tieto obsahy \u010falej na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"article-main-content\" class=\"c-richText c-richText--large\">\n<p><em>Aktualiz\u00e1cia p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho pr\u00edspevku z 28. j\u00fala 2022. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hoci sa deepfakes \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa kreat\u00edvne alebo pre z\u00e1bavu, \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v dezinforma\u010dn\u00fdch kampaniach, na podvody s identitou a na diskredit\u00e1ciu verejn\u00fdch \u010dinite\u013eov a celebr\u00edt.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7825","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7825"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7825\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7825"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7825"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7825"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}