{"id":7846,"date":"2022-08-14T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-13T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/7-fascinujucich-faktov-o-starovekej-rimskej-medicine\/"},"modified":"2022-08-14T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-13T23:00:00","slug":"7-fascinujucich-faktov-o-starovekej-rimskej-medicine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/7-fascinujucich-faktov-o-starovekej-rimskej-medicine\/","title":{"rendered":"7 fascinuj\u00facich faktov o starovekej r\u00edmskej medic\u00edne"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"25i8m\" data-offset-key=\"b3ckh-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"b3ckh-0-0\">\n<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"25i8m\" data-offset-key=\"b3ckh-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"b3ckh-0-0\"><strong>Okrem toho, \u017ee lek\u00e1ri v starovekom R\u00edme predpisovali stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 elix\u00edry a pou\u017e\u00edvali na diagnostikovanie sny, postarali sa aj o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd medic\u00ednsky pokrok.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"25i8m\" data-offset-key=\"8dc8r-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"8dc8r-0-0\"><span data-offset-key=\"8dc8r-0-0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"25i8m\" data-offset-key=\"79kop-0-0\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"b3ckh-0-0\">Medic\u00edna v starovekom R\u00edme sp\u00e1jala <strong>vedeck\u00e9 poznatky s nadprirodzen\u00fdmi, a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi<\/strong> presved\u010deniami. R\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri prijali mnoh\u00e9 z prakt\u00edk a filozofi\u00ed gr\u00e9ckeho lek\u00e1ra Hippokrata a jeho nasledovn\u00edkov \u2013 najm\u00e4 <strong>Archagatha zo Sparty, ktor\u00fd bol pova\u017eovan\u00fd za prv\u00e9ho gr\u00e9ckeho lek\u00e1ra<\/strong> p\u00f4sobiaceho v meste.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Star\u00ed Rimania v\u0161ak tie\u017e nosili amulety na odvr\u00e1tenie chor\u00f4b, a v chr\u00e1moch obetovali dary bohom, ktor\u00fdm sa pripisovali lie\u010div\u00e9 schopnosti. <strong>Kombin\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto dvoch pr\u00edstupov priniesla niektor\u00e9 z nasleduj\u00facich prekvapiv\u00fdch faktov o zdrav\u00ed a medic\u00edne<\/strong> v R\u00edmskej r\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>1. Verilo sa, \u017ee krv a pe\u010de\u0148 zabit\u00fdch gladi\u00e1torov s\u00fa liekmi na epilepsiu.<\/h3>\n<p>Prelievanie krvi gladi\u00e1tora sa nemuselo skon\u010di\u0165 po prehratom boji na \u017eivot a na smr\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Bez vedeck\u00e9ho pochopenia pr\u00ed\u010diny epilepsie r\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri odpor\u00fa\u010dali, aby t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed trpeli z\u00e1hadn\u00fdm tr\u00e1pen\u00edm, <strong>pili ako elix\u00edr tepl\u00fa krv odobran\u00fa z podrezan\u00e9ho hrdla zabit\u00e9ho gladi\u00e1tora<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lek\u00e1ri tie\u017e obhajovali konzum\u00e1ciu gladi\u00e1torovej pe\u010dene ako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa lie\u010dbu. Div\u00e1ci vraj predstupovali a vytrh\u00e1vali kusy pe\u010dene z gladi\u00e1tora le\u017eiaceho v prachu. Lek\u00e1ri mo\u017eno <strong>predpisovali tak\u00e9to stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 lieky, preto\u017ee gladi\u00e1tori boli vn\u00edman\u00ed ako symboly mu\u017enosti, ktor\u00ed zomreli zdrav\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n S\u00faboj gladi\u00e1torov. Zdroj: npr.org\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>2. Najprominentnej\u0161\u00ed lek\u00e1r starovek\u00e9ho R\u00edma ovplyvnil lek\u00e1rsku prax na \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 1300 rokov po svojej smrti.<\/h3>\n<p>Gal\u00e9n z Pergamonu sa narodil a vyrastal v Gr\u00e9cku, \u0161tudoval anat\u00f3miu a fyziologick\u00fa te\u00f3riu v egyptskej Alexandrii, a svoje <strong>lek\u00e1rske schopnosti zdokona\u013eoval lie\u010den\u00edm zranen\u00fdch gladi\u00e1torov. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r sa usadil v R\u00edme, bol z\u00e1stancom cvi\u010denia, vyv\u00e1\u017eenej stravy, dobrej hygieny, a teoretizoval, \u017ee<strong> telo ovl\u00e1da mozog &#8211; nie srdce!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bol prv\u00fdm lek\u00e1rom, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee hrtan generuje hlas, a identifikoval rozdiel medzi ven\u00f3znou a arteri\u00e1lnou krvou.<\/p>\n<p>Galen, ktor\u00fd <strong>sl\u00fa\u017eil ako osobn\u00fd lek\u00e1r nieko\u013ek\u00fdm cis\u00e1rom, rozv\u00edjal anatomick\u00e9 znalosti prostredn\u00edctvom starostlivosti o gladi\u00e1torov, a pitvy<\/strong> a oper\u00e1cie zvierat. Nap\u00edsal stovky lek\u00e1rskych pojednan\u00ed, z ktor\u00fdch niektor\u00e9 zostali \u0161tandardn\u00fdmi odkazmi a\u017e do roku 1500.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>3. Predpokladalo sa, \u017ee k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k dobr\u00e9mu zdraviu je udr\u017eiavanie \u0161tyroch \u0161tiav v rovnov\u00e1he.<\/h3>\n<p>R\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri pripisovali te\u00f3rii vyvinutej v starovekom Gr\u00e9cku ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam, a verili, \u017ee zdravie a em\u00f3cie \u010dloveka riadia \u0161tyri vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky \u2013 krv, hlien, \u017elt\u00e1 \u017el\u010d a \u010dierna \u017el\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto \u0161\u0165avy s\u00faviseli so \u0161tyrmi z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami. R\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri pripisovali cel\u00fd rad chor\u00f4b nerovnov\u00e1he v tele. Galen napr\u00edklad veril, \u017ee <strong>nadbytok \u010diernej \u017el\u010de sp\u00f4sobuje rakovinov\u00e9 n\u00e1dory<\/strong>. Rovnov\u00e1hu mo\u017eno obnovi\u0165 pomocou lie\u010debn\u00fdch postupov, ako je prekrvenie, zvracanie, klyst\u00edr, vyvolanie potu a po\u017eitie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva potrav\u00edn klasifikovan\u00fdch ako hor\u00face alebo studen\u00e9 a mokr\u00e9 alebo such\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Te\u00f3ria 4 \u0161tiav. Zdroj: schoolshistory.org.uk\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>4. Mo\u017enosti \u0161t\u00fadia \u013eudskej anat\u00f3mie boli obmedzen\u00e9.<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Z\u00e1kaz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny pitiev \u013eudsk\u00fdch tiel<\/strong> v starovekom R\u00edme \u2013 z d\u00f4vodu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch, etick\u00fdch a zdravotn\u00fdch \u2013 <strong>brzdil anatomick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lek\u00e1ri ako Galen sa namiesto toho<strong> spoliehali na pitvy zvierat, najm\u00e4 o\u0161\u00edpan\u00fdch a prim\u00e1tov<\/strong>, preto\u017ee ich anatomick\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary najlep\u0161ie odzrkad\u013eovali \u013eudsk\u00e9. Tieto pitvy sl\u00fa\u017eili aj ako divadlo a z\u00e1bava pre okoloid\u00facich, a t\u00fdm, met\u00f3da pre lek\u00e1rov na pril\u00e1kanie nov\u00fdch pacientov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>5. Lek\u00e1ri pou\u017e\u00edvali sny ako diagnostick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje.<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoh\u00ed staror\u00edmski lek\u00e1ri pri <strong>stanovovan\u00ed diagn\u00f3z a ur\u010dovan\u00ed lie\u010dby, brali do \u00favahy sny<\/strong> pacientov.<\/p>\n<p>Verili, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 sign\u00e1lmi z du\u0161e, o nerovnov\u00e1he \u0161tiav v tele. Lek\u00e1ri verili, \u017ee sny m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o pacientoch, ktor\u00e9 boli skryt\u00e9 pred priamym pozorovan\u00edm. To \u010do chor\u00ed vidia a za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa, a zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee robia aj v snoch, \u010dasto nazna\u010duje nedostatok, prebytok a kvalitu \u0161tiav.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad sa predpokladalo, \u017ee <strong>sny, ktor\u00e9 obsahovali sneh alebo \u013ead, nazna\u010duj\u00fa nadbytok hlienu &#8211; \u0161\u0165ava pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za chladn\u00fa a vlhk\u00fa<\/strong>. Tie, ktor\u00e9 obsahovali <strong>ohe\u0148, signalizovali zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladiny \u017el\u010de &#8211; \u0161\u0165ava pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za hor\u00facu a such\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>6. Lek\u00e1rske povolania boli otvoren\u00e9 pre \u017eeny.<\/h3>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade lek\u00e1rskych spisov, pr\u00e1vnych textov a pohrebn\u00fdch n\u00e1pisov, vedci dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee <strong>aj \u017eeny sa v starovekom R\u00edme venovali medic\u00edne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Zatia\u013e \u010do \u017eensk\u00e9 lek\u00e1rky neprevl\u00e1dali, bolo <strong>be\u017enej\u0161ie n\u00e1js\u0165 \u017eeny p\u00f4sobiace ako p\u00f4rodn\u00e9 asistentky, pracuj\u00face pod veden\u00edm lek\u00e1rov, aby pom\u00e1hali pri p\u00f4rode, alebo pod\u00e1vali lieky na plodnos\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Lek\u00e1rky, ktor\u00e9 sa pr\u00edle\u017eitostne venovali aj in\u00fdm odborom ako gynekol\u00f3gia a p\u00f4rodn\u00edctvo, boli sk\u00f4r slobodn\u00fdmi \u017eenami gr\u00e9ckeho p\u00f4vodu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>7. Kapusta bola pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za z\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00fd liek<\/h3>\n<p>Mnoho r\u00edmskych lek\u00e1rov sp\u00e1jalo stravu s dobr\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm a propagovalo <strong>kapustu ako \u201esuperpotravinu\u201c, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee predch\u00e1dza\u0165 a lie\u010di\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu ochoren\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea star\u00fdch R\u00edmanov, listov\u00e1 zelenina lie\u010dila bolesti hlavy, poruchy zraku a tr\u00e1viace probl\u00e9my, zatia\u013e \u010do aplik\u00e1cia drvenej kapusty bezbolestne hojila rany, pomlia\u017edeniny, vredy a vyk\u013abenia.<\/p>\n<p>Mysleli si, \u017ee <strong>vylie\u010di v\u0161etky vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ktor\u00e9 trpia, a niektor\u00ed dokonca, \u017ee vdychovanie v\u00fdparov z varenej kapusty podporuje plodnos\u0165, a \u017ee k\u00fapanie v mo\u010di \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd jedol ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo kapusty, vylie\u010di mnoh\u00e9 neduhy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okrem toho, \u017ee lek\u00e1ri v starovekom R\u00edme predpisovali stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 elix\u00edry a pou\u017e\u00edvali na diagnostikovanie sny, postarali sa aj o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd medic\u00ednsky pokrok. \u00a0 Medic\u00edna v<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7846"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7846\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}