{"id":7858,"date":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-20T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/bizarne-psychologicke-experimenty-ktore-nemali-obdobu-3-cast\/"},"modified":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-20T23:00:00","slug":"bizarne-psychologicke-experimenty-ktore-nemali-obdobu-3-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/bizarne-psychologicke-experimenty-ktore-nemali-obdobu-3-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Bizarn\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 experimenty, ktor\u00e9 nemali obdobu. 3. \u010das\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

A, David Reimer<\/h3>\n

1967<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

David Reimer mal ako die\u0165a zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa jeho penisu, a lek\u00e1r sa rozhodol tento probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165 obriezkou.<\/p>\n

Doktor skazil Davidovi obriezku, pou\u017eil nevhodn\u00fa met\u00f3du a omylom sp\u00e1lil takmer cel\u00fd Davidov penis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Na radu psychol\u00f3ga Johna Moneyho z Univerzity Johnsa Hopkinsa, Davidovi rodi\u010dia s\u00fahlasili s t\u00fdm, aby mu zmenili pohlavie a urobili z neho diev\u010da pomocou chirurgickej, hormon\u00e1lnej a psychologickej lie\u010dby<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

John Money dlh\u00e9 roky tvrdil, \u017ee David (medzit\u00fdm zn\u00e1my ako Brenda) sa uk\u00e1zal ako skuto\u010dn\u00e9 diev\u010da so \u017eenskou rodovou identitou. Money pou\u017eil tento pr\u00edpad na posilnenie svojho pr\u00edstupu k intersexu, \u2013 pr\u00edstupu, ktor\u00fd sa st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edva vo ve\u013ekej \u010dasti USA \u2013 ktor\u00fd sa opiera o predpoklad, \u017ee rodov\u00e1 identita je o v\u00fdchove, nie o pr\u00edrode<\/strong> (vroden\u00e9 vlastnosti), a \u017ee ur\u010denie pohlavia je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k lie\u010dbe v\u0161etk\u00fdch det\u00ed s atypick\u00fdmi sexu\u00e1lnymi anat\u00f3miami<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ako sa uk\u00e1zalo, Money klamal.<\/h3>\n

Vedel, \u017ee Brenda nebola nikdy \u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 ako diev\u010da, a vedel, \u017ee hne\u010f ako David zistil, \u010do sa mu stalo, znovu nadobudol soci\u00e1lnu identitu chlapca<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

David sa nikdy skuto\u010dne nedok\u00e1zal identifikova\u0165 ako \u017eena a od 14 rokov \u017eil ako mu\u017e<\/strong>. Tento experiment v \u0148om vyvolal extr\u00e9mnu depresiu \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00fd faktor, ktor\u00fd prispel k jeho samovra\u017ede<\/strong> v roku 2004.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n David Reimer. Zdroj: ohomemfeminino.com.br\n

<\/h3>\n

B, Tretia vlna<\/h3>\n

1967<\/h3>\n

Ako sa mohol sta\u0165 holokaust?<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je to jedna z p\u00e1l\u010div\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok hist\u00f3rie. A ke\u010f sa Ron Jones, u\u010dite\u013e na strednej \u0161kole v Kalifornii, v roku 1967 sna\u017eil odpoveda\u0165 na t\u00fato ot\u00e1zku <\/strong>svojim \u0161tudentom, zvolil skuto\u010dne ne\u0161tandardn\u00fa met\u00f3du.<\/p>\n

Jones, bol pod\u013ea v\u0161etk\u00e9ho charizmatick\u00fd, milovan\u00fd a skvel\u00fd u\u010dite\u013e, a rozhodol sa, \u017ee najlep\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako nau\u010di\u0165 \u0161tudentov, ako \u013eahko sa \u013eudia daj\u00fa strhn\u00fa\u0165 hr\u00f4zostra\u0161n\u00fdmi vodcami alebo zmias\u0165 ideol\u00f3giou, je uk\u00e1za\u0165 im to<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V prv\u00fd de\u0148 svojho experimentu vytvoril Jones vo svojej triede autorit\u00e1rsku atmosf\u00e9ru a postavil sa do poz\u00edcie vodcu, v \u0161t\u00fdle druhej svetovej vojny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ale ako t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 pokro\u010dil, Jonesov fa\u0161izmus sa zmenil na celo\u0161kolsk\u00fd klub.<\/p>\n

\u0160tudenti sa nau\u010dili pevne posl\u00facha\u0165 Jonesove pr\u00edkazy a stali sa antidemokratick\u00fdmi a\u017e do jadra. Jonesova nov\u00e1 ideol\u00f3gia \u2013 nazvan\u00e1 \u201eTretia vlna\u201c \u2013 sa \u0161\u00edrila ako po\u017eiar.<\/p>\n

Azda najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie je, \u017ee Jones im povedal, \u017ee \u00fa\u010das\u0165 v Tretej vlne je v\u0161ezah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faca: pravidl\u00e1 platia v triede a v \u0161kole, ale aj mimo \u0161koly a dokonca aj doma<\/strong>. Ak ste videli \u010dlena a nepozdravili ho, mohli by ste by\u0165 nahl\u00e1sen\u00ed a s\u00faden\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na \u0161tvrt\u00fd de\u0148 sa u\u010dite\u013e ob\u00e1val, \u017ee vlna, ktor\u00fa rozp\u00fatal, sa mu vymyk\u00e1 spod kontroly, a tak experiment zastavil.<\/p>\n

Na piaty de\u0148 povedal \u0161tudentom, \u017ee v sebe vyvolali podobn\u00fd pocit nadradenosti ako u nemeck\u00e9ho \u013eudu po\u010das nacistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu<\/strong>. Na\u0161\u0165astie to nemalo \u017eiadne n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Experiment tretia vlna. Zdroj: timeline.com\n

<\/h3>\n

C, Experiment s v\u00fdrazmi tv\u00e1re<\/h3>\n

1924<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

V roku 1924 psychol\u00f3g Carney Landis z University of Minnesota za\u010dal experiment na \u0161t\u00fadium be\u017en\u00fdch v\u00fdrazov tv\u00e1re.<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tne chcel vedie\u0165, \u010di sa v\u0161etky prejavy \u0161\u0165astia, \u0161oku, znechutenia at\u010f. zdaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Na vykonanie svojho experimentu Landis naverboval nieko\u013eko \u0161tudentsk\u00fdch dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov a potom nama\u013eoval l\u00ednie ich tv\u00e1rov\u00fdch svalov na\u010dierno.<\/p>\n

Experiment spo\u010d\u00edval v tom, \u017ee boli vystaven\u00ed r\u00f4znym podnetom, pri\u010dom sa fotili ich tv\u00e1re. Niektor\u00e9 z tak\u00fdchto podnetov zah\u0155\u0148ali pornografiu, \u010dpavok, dot\u00fdkanie sa plazov, \u010di s\u0165atie hl\u00e1v potkanom<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu mal Landis probl\u00e9m z\u00edska\u0165 v\u00fdrazy, ktor\u00e9 chcel, a s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou sa za\u010dal c\u00edti\u0165 frustrovan\u00fd. A tu jeho experiment nabral temn\u00fd smer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Vyzval svojich dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov, aby str\u010dili ruku do vedra bez toho, aby sa pozreli. Vedro bolo pln\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00fdch \u017eiab.
\nLandis ich povzbudil, aby h\u013eadali dno tajomn\u00e9ho vedra. Ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00ed dobrovo\u013en\u00edci, ktor\u00ed prekonali odpor, museli prehrab\u00e1va\u0165 slizk\u00e9 \u017eaby, k\u00fdm nena\u0161li skuto\u010dn\u00e9 prekvapenie: elektrick\u00e9 dr\u00f4ty<\/strong>, pripraven\u00e9 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 im poriadny \u0161ok.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

To najhor\u0161ie v\u0161ak e\u0161te len malo pr\u00eds\u0165.<\/h3>\n

Experiment dosiahol svoj vrchol, ke\u010f Landis vlo\u017eil \u017eiv\u00fa my\u0161 do \u013eavej ruky subjektu a n\u00f4\u017e do druhej.<\/p>\n

Jednozna\u010dne im prik\u00e1zal aby jej s\u0165ali hlavu.
\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jeho ned\u00f4ver\u010div\u00fdch a ohromen\u00fdch dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov sa Landisa p\u00fdtala, \u010di \u017eartuje. Nebol to vtip, a museli mal\u00e9mu zviera\u0165u odreza\u0165 hlavu, inak\u00a0 to urobil on s\u00e1m pred ich o\u010dami.<\/p>\n

V konfront\u00e1cii s touto vysoko stresovou situ\u00e1ciou niektor\u00ed \u013eudia za\u010dali plaka\u0165, in\u00ed sa hystericky smiali, niektor\u00ed \u00faplne stuhli, in\u00ed prepukli v nad\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n

Dve tretiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov nakoniec splnili pr\u00edkaz v\u00fdskumn\u00edka a vykonali desiv\u00fa popravu<\/strong>. V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade zvy\u0161n\u00e1 tretina musela by\u0165 svedkom s\u0165atia hlavy, ktor\u00e9 vykonal s\u00e1m Landis.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Experiment s v\u00fdrazmi tv\u00e1re. Zdroj: thebigsmoke.com.au\n

<\/h3>\n

D, Homosexu\u00e1lna terapia averzie<\/h3>\n

1967<\/h3>\n

Averzn\u00e1 terapia na lie\u010denie homosexuality bola kedysi prominentn\u00fdm predmetom v\u00fdskumu<\/strong> na r\u00f4znych univerzit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia podrobne opisuj\u00faca pokusy o lie\u010dbu skupiny 43 homosexu\u00e1lnych mu\u017eov<\/strong> bola publikovan\u00e1 v British Medical Journal v roku 1967.<\/p>\n

Dobrovo\u013en\u00edkom vedcov uk\u00e1zali sn\u00edmky mu\u017eov, na ktor\u00fdch sa mali pozera\u0165 tak dlho, ako to pova\u017euj\u00fa za pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017eliv\u00e9. Po \u00f4smich sekund\u00e1ch od predvedenia takejto uk\u00e1\u017eky v\u0161ak testovan\u00e9 osoby dostali elektrick\u00fd \u0161ok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Prezentovan\u00e9 boli aj uk\u00e1\u017eky zobrazuj\u00face \u017eeny a dobrovo\u013en\u00edci si ich mohli pozrie\u0165 bez ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek trestu. Hoci v\u00fdskumn\u00edci nazna\u010dili, \u017ee pokusy mali ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00faspech pri vylie\u010den\u00ed svojich \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, v roku 1994 Americk\u00e1 psychologick\u00e1 asoci\u00e1cia ozna\u010dila terapiu averzie vo\u010di homosexu\u00e1lom za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fa a ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A, David Reimer 1967   David Reimer mal ako die\u0165a zdravotn\u00fd probl\u00e9m t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa jeho penisu, a lek\u00e1r sa rozhodol tento probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165 obriezkou. Doktor<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7858"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7858\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}