{"id":7860,"date":"2022-08-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/jazero-nyos-je-miestom-kde-lapate-po-dychu\/"},"modified":"2022-08-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T23:00:00","slug":"jazero-nyos-je-miestom-kde-lapate-po-dychu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/jazero-nyos-je-miestom-kde-lapate-po-dychu\/","title":{"rendered":"Katastrofu jazera Nyos pre\u017eili iba \u0161tyria \u013eudia. Dnes je lokalita atrakciou na vlastn\u00fa zodpovednos\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee sopky predstavuj\u00fa hrozbu pre \u013eud\u00ed dlho po tom, \u010do sa ich erupcie zap\u00edsali do hist\u00f3rie. K t\u00fdm nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm, no rovnako ni\u010div\u00fdm patr\u00ed kr\u00e1ter, ktor\u00fd dnes zalieva jazero Nyos.<\/p>\n

Nevidite\u013en\u00e1 hrozba<\/strong><\/p>\n

Navonok sa jazero Nyos ni\u010d\u00edm nel\u00ed\u0161i od in\u00fdch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch kr\u00e1s. Odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faca sa modr\u00e1 obloha, pokojn\u00e1 hladina obklopen\u00e1 bohatou veget\u00e1ciou. Pokojne by sa mohlo ocitn\u00fa\u0165 na nejakej kamerunskej poh\u013eadnici. Kedysi sa na rovnakom mieste t\u00fd\u010dila sopka<\/strong>, vplyvom ktorej si jazero vysl\u00fa\u017eilo nesl\u00e1vnu poves\u0165.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0podve\u010der 21. augusta 1986<\/strong> rozru\u0161ilo miestnych farm\u00e1rov dunenie. \u010co v\u00a0tom \u010dase nemohli vidie\u0165, bola obrovsk\u00e1 masa oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho<\/strong> vzn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00faca sa vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 100 metrov nad jazerom. Toxick\u00fd mrak sa pohyboval smerom k\u00a0\u00fadoliu a\u00a0obyvate\u013eom okolit\u00fdch os\u00e1d. Odrazu mal ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1dych pre dedin\u010danov a\u00a0ich dobytok fat\u00e1lny dopad. V\u0161etko naokolo sa ponorilo do desiv\u00e9ho ticha.<\/p>\n Mrak oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho pri\u0161iel bez varovania. zdroj: pinterest.com\n

Po\u010det \u017eiv\u00fdch tvorov v bl\u00edzkosti jazera Nyos sa v priebehu 36 hod\u00edn zmenil na nulu. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina otr\u00e1ven\u00e9ho vzduchu pominula, av\u0161ak n\u00e1sledky boli katastrof\u00e1lne. Z bezvedomia sa neprebudilo 1746 \u013eud\u00ed a 3500 hospod\u00e1rskych zvierat. Pre predstavu o objeme uvo\u013enen\u00e9ho plynu, toxick\u00fd mrak dosiahol vzdialenos\u0165 takmer 20 kilometrov od miesta, kde sa za\u010dal zhmot\u0148ova\u0165.<\/strong> Ponur\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru dokres\u013eoval aj nov\u00fd vzh\u013ead jazera \u2013 tyrkysov\u00fd odtie\u0148 vystriedala farba hrdze.<\/p>\n

Aj vyhasnut\u00e1 sopka dok\u00e1\u017ee nap\u00e1cha\u0165 \u0161kodu<\/h3>\n

Pr\u00ed\u010dina katastrofy bola nejak\u00fd \u010das nejasn\u00e1. Okrem po\u010dtu m\u0155tvych ni\u010d nenazna\u010dovalo pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 ni\u010divej sily. Budovy st\u00e1li na svojom mieste, polia sa zelenali, slne\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00fa\u010de zalievali pri\u013eahl\u00e9 kopce. Padali domnienky o\u00a0z\u00e1hadnej epid\u00e9mii, ktor\u00e1 nechala na\u017eive len nieko\u013eko \u013eud\u00ed s prirodzenou imunitou. V\u00fdskumn\u00edkom v\u0161ak netrvalo dlho k\u00fdm na\u0161li skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1chate\u013ea \u2013 oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n Vysok\u00e1 miera oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho sfarbila vodu do\u010dervena. zdroj: pinterest.com\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k pochopeniu v\u00fdbuchu jazera Nyos je pochopi\u0165 rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Rozpustnos\u0165 plynu vo vode sa m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm tlaku alebo zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm teploty. Kr\u00e1terov\u00e9 jazero sp\u013a\u0148a oba predpoklady. Dno siaha do h\u013abky 200 metrov a rozprestiera na d\u013a\u017eke dvoch futbalov\u00fdch ihr\u00edsk. Tlak<\/strong> je v\u00a0tak\u00fdchto podmienkach 20-kr\u00e1t v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako na povrchu<\/strong>. Ke\u010f\u017ee voda dok\u00e1\u017ee zadr\u017ea\u0165 liter oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho na liter kvapaliny pri atmosf\u00e9rickom tlaku, na dne Nyosu sa do jedn\u00e9ho litra vody zmest\u00ed neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 20 litrov oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Ak prir\u00e1tame fakt, \u017ee do takej h\u013abky neprenik\u00e1 prakticky \u017eiadne svetlo,<\/strong> pravdepodobne sa v \u0148om rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a e\u0161te viac oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Proces rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v hlbokej studenej vode m\u00f4\u017ee prebieha\u0165 stovky rokov. Do vonkaj\u0161ieho ovzdu\u0161ia dok\u00e1\u017ee prejs\u0165 vplyvom zosuvov p\u00f4dy alebo podmorskej erupcie. Napriek tomu vedci nedok\u00e1zali ur\u010di\u0165 presn\u00fd sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010d katastrofy. Jej priebeh v\u0161ak jasne nazna\u010duje, \u017ee dedin\u010dania a\u00a0zver pri\u0161li o\u00a0\u017eivot kv\u00f4li limnickej erupcii<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

O\u00a0ko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dasovan\u00fdch bomb\u00e1ch e\u0161te nevieme?<\/h3>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee tieto \u00famrtia neboli sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00edm in\u00fdm ako nevidite\u013en\u00fdm plynom, bol po\u010det obet\u00ed ohromuj\u00faci. V\u00a0meste Nyos pre\u017eili iba \u0161tyria \u013eudia, ktor\u00fdch zdesenie muselo by\u0165 neop\u00edsate\u013en\u00e9. \u017divot im pravdepodobne zachr\u00e1nilo nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9 pr\u00fadenia vetra alebo minim\u00e1lna ventil\u00e1cia v\u00a0pr\u00edbytkoch.<\/p>\n Kivu je ob\u013e\u00fabenou turistickou destin\u00e1ciu, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 ve\u013ekou hrozbou pre \u010dloveka. zdroj: pinterest.com\n

Kr\u00e1terov\u00fd p\u00f4vod jazera nie je v Kamerune vz\u00e1cnos\u0165ou. K limnickej erupcii do\u0161lo takisto v roku 1984 pri jazere Monoun, kde zahynulo 37 \u013eud\u00ed. Dnes geol\u00f3gom vytv\u00e1ra vr\u00e1sky na \u010dele jazero Kivu<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 le\u017e\u00ed na hraniciach s\u00a0Kon\u017eskou demokratickou republikou a\u00a0Rwandou. Tis\u00edce rokov sope\u010dnej \u010dinnosti sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee sa v hlbin\u00e1ch Kivu rozpustil met\u00e1n a\u00a0oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd. Kv\u00f4li jeho ve\u013ekosti a vysokej hustote obyvate\u013estva pozd\u013a\u017e brehov jazera by podobn\u00fd v\u00fdbuch znamenal jednu z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof v hist\u00f3rii \u013eudstva.<\/p>\n

Neust\u00e1ly v\u00fdskum a\u00a0prevencia pred katastrofou<\/h3>\n

Hroziv\u00e9 scen\u00e1re vedci zmier\u0148uj\u00fa r\u00f4znymi rie\u0161eniami. Po v\u00fdbuchu sa zi\u0161iel t\u00edm geol\u00f3gov, aby sa zhodli na \u010do najbezpe\u010dnej\u0161om sp\u00f4sobe ochrany jazera aj obyvate\u013eov. Okam\u017eite sa vyl\u00fa\u010dilo zbombardovanie jazera, ktor\u00e9 by mohlo zapr\u00ed\u010dini\u0165 obrovsk\u00fa z\u00e1plavu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa najviac osved\u010dilo riaden\u00e9 odply\u0148ovanie<\/strong>. Po s\u00e9rii testov a meran\u00ed sa jazero Nyos aj Monoun stabilizovali v\u010faka podvodn\u00e9mu potrubiu. In\u0161talovan\u00e9 r\u00farky od\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00fa toxick\u00fa vodu z dna jazera na povrch, \u010d\u00edm umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa \u00fanik oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch<\/strong>. Za posledn\u00e9 roky sa hladina nebezpe\u010dia zn\u00ed\u017eila a obyvate\u013eov v okol\u00ed jazera prib\u00fada.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci vedia, \u017ee st\u00e1le nemaj\u00fa vyhrat\u00e9. Erupcia jazera Nyos v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazne pomohla k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9mu z\u00e1ujmu o\u00a0pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1<\/strong> \u010d\u00edhaj\u00face pod hladinou jazier, ktor\u00e9 na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead vyzeraj\u00fa ne\u0161kodne.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: www.atlasobscura.com, www.howstuffworks.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zdroj titulnej fotografie: www.pinterest.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee sopky predstavuj\u00fa hrozbu pre \u013eud\u00ed dlho po tom, \u010do sa ich erupcie zap\u00edsali do hist\u00f3rie. K t\u00fdm nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm, no rovnako ni\u010div\u00fdm patr\u00ed<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7860"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7860\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}