{"id":7861,"date":"2022-08-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/alzheimerova-choroba-nie-je-typicky-znak-starnutia-ako-spozorovat-prve-priznaky\/"},"modified":"2022-08-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T23:00:00","slug":"alzheimerova-choroba-nie-je-typicky-znak-starnutia-ako-spozorovat-prve-priznaky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/alzheimerova-choroba-nie-je-typicky-znak-starnutia-ako-spozorovat-prve-priznaky\/","title":{"rendered":"Alzheimerova choroba nie je typick\u00fd znak starnutia: Ako spozorova\u0165 prv\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co je to Alzheimerova choroba?<\/h3>\n

Alzheimerova choroba je forma demencie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Demencia je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pojem pre stavy, ktor\u00e9 negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, myslenie a spr\u00e1vanie<\/strong>. Tak\u00e9to zmeny zasahuj\u00fa do ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Demencia m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 cel\u00fd rad pr\u00ed\u010din, ako s\u00fa poranenia mozgu alebo choroby, a niekedy je pr\u00ed\u010dina nezn\u00e1ma.<\/p>\n

Alzheimerova choroba predstavuje 60 a\u017e 80 percent pr\u00edpadov demencie. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed s touto chorobou dostane diagn\u00f3zu po dosiahnut\u00ed veku 65 rokov. Ak je diagnostikovan\u00e1 sk\u00f4r, vo v\u0161eobecnosti sa ozna\u010duje ako Alzheimerova choroba s \u201emlad\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1stupom\u201c alebo \u201eskor\u00fdm n\u00e1stupom\u201c.<\/p>\n

Neexistuje \u017eiadny liek na Alzheimerovu chorobu, ale existuj\u00fa lie\u010dby<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu spomali\u0165 proces choroby.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fakty o Alzheimerovej chorobe<\/h3>\n

Hoci ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed po\u010dulo o Alzheimerovej chorobe, je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 pozna\u0165 fakty – tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  • Alzheimerova choroba je chronick\u00fd (dlhodob\u00fd), pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci stav. Nie je to typick\u00fd znak starnutia!<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    • Alzheimerova choroba a demencia nie s\u00fa to ist\u00e9. Alzheimerova choroba je typ demencie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      • Pr\u00edznaky sa objavuj\u00fa postupne a \u00fa\u010dinky na mozog s\u00fa degenerat\u00edvne<\/strong>, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa pomal\u00fd pokles fukncie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 Alzheimerovu chorobu, ale niektor\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa vystaven\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161iemu riziku. To zah\u0155\u0148a \u013eud\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch ako 65 rokov a \u013eud\u00ed s rodinnou anamn\u00e9zou<\/strong> tohto stavu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

           <\/p>\n

            \n
          • Zatia\u013e neexistuje \u017eiadny liek na Alzheimerovu chorobu, ale lie\u010dba m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 spomali\u0165 proces ochorenia a m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu \u017eivota.
            \nCesta ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka s Alzheimerovou chorobou je in\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

             <\/p>\n Norm\u00e1lny mozog vs. mozog s Alzheimerom. Zdroj: wikiskripta.eu\n

            Pr\u00edznaky Alzheimerovej choroby<\/h3>\n

            Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 z \u010dasu na \u010das epiz\u00f3dy zabudnutia. \u013dudia s Alzheimerovou chorobou v\u0161ak vykazuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00face spr\u00e1vanie a sympt\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasom zhor\u0161uj\u00fa. Tieto m\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • strata pam\u00e4ti ovplyv\u0148uj\u00faca ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, ako je napr\u00edklad dodr\u017eiavanie sch\u00f4dzok<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • probl\u00e9my so zn\u00e1mymi \u00falohami, ako je pou\u017e\u00edvanie mikrovlnnej r\u00fary<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • \u0165a\u017ekosti s rie\u0161en\u00edm probl\u00e9mov<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • probl\u00e9my s re\u010dou alebo p\u00edsan\u00edm<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • dezorient\u00e1cia v \u010dase alebo miestach<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • zhor\u0161en\u00fd \u00fasudok<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 osobn\u00e1 hygiena<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • zmeny n\u00e1lady a osobnosti<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • odstup od priate\u013eov a rodiny<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Tieto pr\u00edznaky nie v\u017edy znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee osoba m\u00e1 Alzheimerovu chorobu. Na ur\u010denie pr\u00ed\u010diny je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 lek\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

              Pr\u00edznaky sa menia pod\u013ea \u0161t\u00e1dia ochorenia. V neskor\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1di\u00e1ch maj\u00fa \u013eudia s Alzheimerovou chorobou \u010dasto zna\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s rozpr\u00e1van\u00edm, pohybom alebo reagovan\u00edm<\/strong> na to, \u010do sa okolo nich deje.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Diagnostika Alzheimerovej choroby<\/h3>\n

              Jedin\u00fdm definit\u00edvnym sp\u00f4sobom, ako niekomu diagnostikova\u0165 Alzheimerovu chorobu, je vy\u0161etrenie mozgov\u00e9ho tkaniva po smrti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

              Lek\u00e1r v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 r\u00f4zne vy\u0161etrenia a testy na pos\u00fadenie pacientov\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, diagnostiku demencie, a vyl\u00fa\u010denie in\u00fdch stavov.<\/p>\n

              M\u00f4\u017ee sa op\u00fdta\u0165 na pr\u00edznaky, rodinn\u00fa anamn\u00e9zu, in\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 alebo minul\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 stavy\/lieky, di\u00e9tu, alkohol<\/strong> a in\u00e9 n\u00e1vyky.<\/p>\n

              Potom sa zvykn\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 testy, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu ur\u010di\u0165, \u010di ide o Alzheimerovu chorobu, alebo nie.<\/p>\n

              Neexistuje \u017eiadny definit\u00edvny test na Alzheimerovu chorobu, no existuj\u00fa ment\u00e1lne, fyzick\u00e9, neurologick\u00e9 a zobrazovacie testy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 lek\u00e1rovi ur\u010di\u0165 diagn\u00f3zu.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Zvykn\u00fa sa objedn\u00e1va\u0165 aj r\u00f4zne \u0161t\u00fadie mozgu, ktor\u00e9 vytvoria obr\u00e1zky mozgu, ako napr\u00edklad:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Skenovanie magnetickou rezonanciou (MRI) – MR vy\u0161etrenie m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 zachyti\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 markery, ako je z\u00e1pal, krv\u00e1canie a \u0161truktur\u00e1lne probl\u00e9my<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 tomografia (CT)<\/strong> – CT skeny robia r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e9 sn\u00edmky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 n\u00e1js\u0165 lek\u00e1rovi abnorm\u00e1lne vlastnosti v mozgu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                   <\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \u010eal\u0161ie testy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee lek\u00e1r vykona\u0165, zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa krvn\u00e9 testy na kontrolu g\u00e9nov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nazna\u010dova\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e1 pacient vy\u0161\u0161ie riziko Alzheimerovej choroby.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                     <\/p>\n MR vy\u0161etrenie mozgu pri Ach. Zdroj: osevneu.jfmed.uniba.sk\n

                    <\/h3>\n

                    Pr\u00ed\u010diny a rizikov\u00e9 faktory<\/h3>\n

                    Odborn\u00edci nestanovili jedin\u00fa pr\u00ed\u010dinu Alzheimerovej choroby, ale identifikovali ur\u010dit\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory, vr\u00e1tane:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • vek<\/strong> – v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed, u ktor\u00fdch sa rozvinie Alzheimerova choroba, m\u00e1 65 rokov alebo viac.<\/li>\n
                    • rodinn\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria<\/strong> – ak m\u00e1te najbli\u017e\u0161ieho \u010dlena rodiny, u ktor\u00e9ho sa vyvinul tento stav, je pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, \u017ee ho dostanete.<\/li>\n
                    • genetika<\/strong> – niektor\u00e9 g\u00e9ny s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017en\u00e9 rizikov\u00e9 faktory<\/strong> patria:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • depresie<\/li>\n
                      • faj\u010denie<\/li>\n
                      • srdcovo-cievne ochorenie<\/li>\n
                      • predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face traumatick\u00e9 poranenie mozgu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dia Alzheimerovej choroby<\/h3>\n

                        Alzheimerova choroba je progres\u00edvne ochorenie, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pr\u00edznaky sa bud\u00fa postupne zvy\u0161ova\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                        Existuje sedem hlavn\u00fdch f\u00e1z<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1di\u00e1 1\u20133: Predemencia a mierna kognit\u00edvna porucha<\/h3>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        V tomto \u0161t\u00e1diu nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Objavuj\u00fa sa najskor\u0161ie pr\u00edznaky, ako je z\u00e1budlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Objavuj\u00fa sa mierne fyzick\u00e9 a kognit\u00edvne poruchy, ako je zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 a koncentr\u00e1cia.<\/strong> U\u010denie sa nov\u00fdm zru\u010dnostiam m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie. Tieto zmeny si m\u00f4\u017ee v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 iba ve\u013emi bl\u00edzka osoba<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dia 4\u20137: Demencia<\/h3>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        V tomto \u0161t\u00e1diu je \u010dasto diagnostikovan\u00e1 Alzheimerova choroba, ale st\u00e1le sa pova\u017euje za miernu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                        Je be\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee si v\u0161imnete stratu pam\u00e4ti a probl\u00e9my so zvl\u00e1dan\u00edm ka\u017edodenn\u00fdch \u00faloh.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 5.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Stredne z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 a\u017e z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky, si u\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00fa pomoc bl\u00edzkych alebo opatrovate\u013eov<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                        Je to potrebn\u00e9, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee sa uspokoja ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 potreby, ako je jedenie jedla a riadenie dom\u00e1cnosti.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 6.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        V tomto \u0161t\u00e1diu \u010dlovek s Alzheimerovou chorobou potrebuje pomoc so z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi \u00falohami, ako je jedenie, obliekanie a toaleta<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                         <\/p>\n

                        \u0160t\u00e1dium 7.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                        Toto je naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie a posledn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1dium Alzheimerovej choroby. Zvy\u010dajne doch\u00e1dza k postupnej strate re\u010di a mimiky. Pohyb je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou obmedzen\u00fd<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

                        Ke\u010f \u010dlovek prejde t\u00fdmito \u0161t\u00e1diami, bude potrebova\u0165 \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu podporu od svojich opatrovate\u013eov. Vhodn\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 udr\u017ea\u0165 pohodlie a kvalitu \u017eivota \u010do najdlh\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

                        Je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 prediskutova\u0165 pl\u00e1n starostlivosti so svojimi bl\u00edzkymi. \u013dudia s Alzheimerovou chorobou bud\u00fa potrebova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu pomoc pri lek\u00e1rskych rozhodnutiach, ke\u010f choroba postupuje.<\/p>\n

                        \u013dudia s Alzheimerovou chorobou zvy\u010dajne \u017eij\u00fa 4 a\u017e 8 rokov po diagnostikovan\u00ed, hoci niektor\u00ed \u017eij\u00fa a\u017e 20 rokov<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        \u010co je to Alzheimerova choroba? Alzheimerova choroba je forma demencie. Demencia je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pojem pre stavy, ktor\u00e9 negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, myslenie a spr\u00e1vanie. Tak\u00e9to zmeny<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}