{"id":7920,"date":"2022-09-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/turingov-test-cakaju-nas-v-buducnosti-stroje-s-vlastnym-vedomim\/"},"modified":"2022-09-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-09-29T23:00:00","slug":"turingov-test-cakaju-nas-v-buducnosti-stroje-s-vlastnym-vedomim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/turingov-test-cakaju-nas-v-buducnosti-stroje-s-vlastnym-vedomim\/","title":{"rendered":"Turingov test: \u010cakaj\u00fa n\u00e1s v bud\u00facnosti stroje s vlastn\u00fdm vedom\u00edm?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Turingov test je u\u017e dlho meradlom inteligencie strojov. \u010co v\u0161ak skuto\u010dne zis\u0165uje, je schopnos\u0165 oklama\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea v domnienke, \u017ee sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vyd\u00e1va za \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n

Hodnotenie umelej inteligencie<\/h3>\n

M\u00f4\u017ee stroj nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 vedomie?<\/em> <\/strong>To bola ot\u00e1zka, ktor\u00fa polo\u017eil Alan Turing<\/strong> vo v\u00fdznamnom dokumente z roku 1950, \u201eV\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e1 technika a inteligencia\u201c<\/em>. Jeho semin\u00e1rna pr\u00e1ca vy\u0161la sedem rokov po tom, \u010do britsk\u00fd matematik upevnil svoje miesto v hist\u00f3rii de\u0161ifrovan\u00edm k\u00f3du Enigmy. V tom obdob\u00ed sa objavili z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a pojem umelej inteligencie bol takmer v\u00fdlu\u010dne teoretick\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Turing mohol presk\u00fama\u0165 svoje predpoklady iba my\u0161lienkov\u00fdm experimentom s n\u00e1zvom Turingov test. Jeho fungovanie je v podstate jednoduch\u00e9 – hr\u00e1\u010d C, hr\u00e1 \u00falohu vy\u0161etrovate\u013ea, ktor\u00fd kladie p\u00edsomn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky hr\u00e1\u010dom A a B. Hr\u00e1\u010di A a B s\u00fa v oddelen\u00fdch miestnostiach, pri\u010dom jeden z nich je po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. Cie\u013eom vy\u0161etrovate\u013ea je ur\u010di\u0165, ktor\u00fd z nich je v skuto\u010dnosti stroj.<\/p>\n U\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov sa v\u010faka technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m pon\u00e1rame do virtu\u00e1lnej reality. Raz v\u0161ak rozdiel medzi skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou a online svetom mo\u017eno nebudeme pozna\u0165. zdroj: unsplash.com\n

Probl\u00e9mom je, \u017ee zatia\u013e nem\u00f4\u017eeme zisti\u0165, \u010do sa deje v \u201emysli\u201c a\u00a0ako by tak\u00fdto proces v\u00f4bec prebiehal. Preto Turing nahradil p\u00f4vodn\u00fa ot\u00e1zku tou, na ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eeme odpoveda\u0165: \u201eExistuj\u00fa po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ktor\u00e9 by v Turingovej hre dok\u00e1zali uspie\u0165?“<\/strong> T\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka vytvorila merate\u013en\u00fd \u0161tandard na hodnotenie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov a\u00a0vznikla v\u00fdzva, ktor\u00e1 in\u0161pirovala po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch vedcov a v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov AI za posledn\u00fdch sedem desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokusy o\u00a0\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd v\u00fdsledok<\/h3>\n

Turingov test sa p\u00fd\u0161i t\u00fdm, \u017ee ho e\u0161te \u017eiaden po\u010d\u00edta\u010d jednozna\u010dne neprekonal. Medzi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi vedcami je \u010dastokr\u00e1t predmetom diskusie, \u010diasto\u010dne kv\u00f4li nejednozna\u010dnosti pravidiel a r\u00f4znym dizajnom testov. Napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 z nich kritizovali kv\u00f4li \u201enen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm\u201c vy\u0161etrovate\u013eom, zatia\u013e \u010do in\u00e9 testy vyu\u017e\u00edvali \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed si neboli vedom\u00ed mo\u017enosti, \u017ee by mohli hovori\u0165 s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom.<\/p>\n

Aj ke\u010f je po\u010det v\u00ed\u0165azov tohto testu ot\u00e1zny, stalo sa, \u017ee syst\u00e9m ist\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom dok\u00e1zal presved\u010divo napodobni\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9 myslenie. Napr\u00edklad v roku 2014 \u010dlenovia britskej akad\u00e9mie pre podporu vied uverili, \u017ee ide o \u010dloveka. Malo to v\u0161ak h\u00e1\u010dik: Algoritmus nazvan\u00fd \u201eEugene Goostman\u201c tvrdil, \u017ee je to 13-ro\u010dn\u00fd chlapec z\u00a0Ukrajiny. Nezrel\u00e9 odpovede a\u00a0slab\u00e1 znalos\u0165 angli\u010dtiny<\/strong> v\u0161ak jednoduch\u0161ie oklamali sudcov Kr\u00e1\u013eovskej spolo\u010dnosti, \u010do zrejme ovplyvnilo v\u00fdsledok experimentu.<\/p>\n

Program s\u00a0pocitmi?<\/h3>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Google ned\u00e1vno taktie\u017e za\u017eila nezvy\u010dajn\u00fd pr\u00edpad v\u00a0s\u00favislosti s\u00a0Turingov\u00fdmi hypot\u00e9zami. Jeden z\u00a0ich zamestnancov, Blake Lemoine, bol presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee jazykov\u00fd model LaMDA dok\u00e1zal vyjadri\u0165 em\u00f3cie ako skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u010dlovek<\/strong>. Google t\u00fato spr\u00e1vu vyvr\u00e1til a\u00a0Lemoine dostal kv\u00f4li vyn\u00e1\u0161aniu nepotvrden\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed neplaten\u00e9 vo\u013eno.<\/p>\n Umel\u00e1 inteligencia sa v nespr\u00e1vnych ruk\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee premeni\u0165 na n\u00e1stroj klamu a manipul\u00e1cie. zdroj: unsplash.com\n

Lemoinov pr\u00edbeh v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Turingov test by mohol sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 in\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu. \u017dijeme v dobe, ke\u010f s\u00fa stroje \u010doraz \u0161ikovnej\u0161ie v tom, aby zneli ako \u013eudia. \u201eTieto testy v skuto\u010dnosti nepredstavuj\u00fa dosiahnut\u00fa mieru inteligencie,\u201c<\/em><\/strong> povedal Gary Marcus, vedec a spoluautor knihy \u201eRebooting AI\u201c<\/em>. Ide o schopnos\u0165 dan\u00e9ho softv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho programu predstiera\u0165 vedomie, aspo\u0148 za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podmienok.<\/p>\n

\u00dalohou testu by teda sk\u00f4r bolo, aby sl\u00fa\u017eil ako etick\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 vlajka<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd ho dok\u00e1\u017ee obst\u00e1\u0165, nesie nebezpe\u010denstvo pre fungovanie spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zory odborn\u00edkov<\/h3>\n

V publik\u00e1cii Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,<\/em> po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00ed vedci Stuart J. Russell a Peter Norvig navrhli, aby sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edci umelej inteligencie zamerali na v\u00fdvoj u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. Prirovnali to ku kon\u0161truovaniu lietadiel: \u201eLeteck\u00e9 stroje sa nesna\u017eia prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa a lieta\u0165 presne ako holuby.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n Budeme raz s robotmi na rovnakej \u00farovni v zm\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00ed? zdroj: pexels.com\n

Ak\u00e9 u\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161ie aplik\u00e1cie maj\u00fa na mysli? Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom tejto oblasti je vyvin\u00fa\u0165 umel\u00fa v\u0161eobecn\u00fa inteligenciu (AGI)<\/strong> \u2013 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d schopn\u00fd porozumie\u0165 svetu a u\u010di\u0165 sa o \u0148om rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom \u010di dokonca lep\u0161ie ako \u010dlovek.<\/p>\n

Vo svojej knihe Architects of Intelligence<\/em> z roku 2018, futurista Martin Ford po\u017eiadal 23 popredn\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov na AI<\/strong>, aby odpovedali, kedy pribli\u017ene sa AGI objav\u00ed. Osemn\u00e1s\u0165 odpoved\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 dostal spriemeroval do jednej \u2013 rok 2099.<\/p>\n

Americk\u00fd high-tech podnikate\u013e Ray Kurzweil je vo svojej predpovedi odv\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00ed. Predpoved\u00e1, \u017ee zhruba v roku 2045 sa strojov\u00e1 inteligencia vyrovn\u00e1 na\u0161ej. To povedie k z\u00e1vratn\u00e9mu pokroku technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00fd v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00f4\u017eeme len matne predv\u00edda\u0165 \u2013 v\u00edziu na\u010drtnut\u00fa v jeho knihe The Singularity Is Near<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Nech s\u00fa odhady bli\u017e\u0161ie \u010di \u010falej od skuto\u010dnosti, jedno je jasn\u00e9. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 inteligentn\u00fdch strojov znamen\u00e1 pre na\u0161u civiliz\u00e1ciu dosiahnutie novej \u00farovne v poznan\u00ed toho, ako vedomie naozaj funguje.<\/p>\n

Zdroje: www.bigthink.com, www.washingtonpost.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zdroj titulnej fotografie: unsplash.com<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Turingov test je u\u017e dlho meradlom inteligencie strojov. \u010co v\u0161ak skuto\u010dne zis\u0165uje, je schopnos\u0165 oklama\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea v domnienke, \u017ee sa po\u010d\u00edta\u010d vyd\u00e1va za \u010dloveka. Hodnotenie<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7920","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7920"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7920\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}