{"id":7939,"date":"2022-10-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-16T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/jedna-kriza-strieda-druhu-zemi-dochadza-piesok-je-cas-na-paniku\/"},"modified":"2022-10-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-16T23:00:00","slug":"jedna-kriza-strieda-druhu-zemi-dochadza-piesok-je-cas-na-paniku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/jedna-kriza-strieda-druhu-zemi-dochadza-piesok-je-cas-na-paniku\/","title":{"rendered":"Jedna kr\u00edza strieda druh\u00fa. Zemi doch\u00e1dza piesok. Je \u010das na paniku?"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Piesok je po vode druh\u00fdm najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm zdrojom<\/li>\n<li>Svet ro\u010dne spotrebuje 50 mili\u00e1rd metrick\u00fdch ton piesku<\/li>\n<li>Piesok je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou zlo\u017ekou pri v\u00fdrobe bet\u00f3nu a skla<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Na za\u010diatku roka svet zasko\u010dila energetick\u00e1 kr\u00edza. K nej sa pridala potravinov\u00e1 a aby toho nebolo m\u00e1lo, teraz \u010del\u00edme pieso\u010dnej. Neust\u00e1le rast\u00faci dopyt zapr\u00ed\u010dinil, \u017ee sa <strong>z\u00a0piesku stala nedostatkov\u00e1 komodita.<\/strong> Tento pr\u00edrodn\u00fd zdroj je mnoh\u00fdmi podce\u0148ovan\u00fd, napriek tomu, \u017ee sa nach\u00e1dza v\u0161ade v\u00f4kol n\u00e1s. Be\u017ene sa pou\u017e\u00edva v\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch mikro\u010dipoch, v\u00a0stavebn\u00edctve, v\u00a0kozmetike, v\u00a0priemysle a\u00a0podobne.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 ponuka v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1zala dr\u017ea\u0165 krok s r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou glob\u00e1lnej urbaniz\u00e1cie.<\/strong> Teraz sa hodnota piesku bl\u00ed\u017ei k cene desa\u0165 dol\u00e1rov za tonu, zatia\u013e \u010do pred 31 rokmi sa dr\u017eala na \u00farovni \u0161tyroch dol\u00e1rov za tonu. Prakticky cel\u00e1 na\u0161a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 je postaven\u00e1 na piesku. Ide o\u00a0druh\u00fa najspotrebovanej\u0161iu surovinu. Prvou je voda.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: center\"><strong>Je \u010das na paniku?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00fa, \u017ee hoci sa glob\u00e1lne z\u00e1soby m\u00f4\u017eu zda\u0165 nekone\u010dn\u00e9, v skuto\u010dnosti ich vy\u010derp\u00e1vame r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ako sa stihn\u00fa doplni\u0165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Piesok sa nach\u00e1dza takmer v ka\u017edej krajine, pokr\u00fdva p\u00fa\u0161te a lemuje pobre\u017eia po celom svete.<strong> To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161etok piesok je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd.<\/strong> Ten, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v\u00a0p\u00fa\u0161ti nie je vhodn\u00fd ako stavebn\u00fd materi\u00e1l, preto\u017ee bol erodovan\u00fd vetrom. Zrnk\u00e1 piesku s\u00fa v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku vetru hladk\u00e9 a\u00a0hor\u0161ie sa sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n Piesok je zdanlivo v\u0161ade \u2013 pod na\u0161imi nohami, v sten\u00e1ch n\u00e1\u0161ho domu, v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch, na displeji telef\u00f3nu. Piesok \u017eiv\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 buduj\u00fa rast\u00faci svet. Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201ePriemyseln\u00fd\u201c piesok sa z\u00edskava zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161a z morsk\u00e9ho dna, pobre\u017eia, lomov a koryt riek po celom svete.\u00a0Je v\u0161ak nepravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee vy\u010derp\u00e1me piesok v glob\u00e1lnom meradle.<strong>\u00a0\u0164a\u017eba piesku sa<\/strong> za posledn\u00e9 dve desa\u0165ro\u010dia <strong>strojn\u00e1sobila<\/strong>, pri\u010dom dopyt v roku 2019 dosiahol 50 mili\u00e1rd ton ro\u010dne, pod\u013ea najnov\u0161ej spr\u00e1vy Programu OSN pre \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie (UNEP).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Pieso\u010dn\u00e9 podsvetie<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ako rastie rozvojov\u00fd svet, rastie aj obchod s pieskom. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 presne sledova\u0165 glob\u00e1lne vyu\u017eitie piesku. Teda pieskov\u00fd svet je neregulovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Neleg\u00e1lna \u0165a\u017eba nie je \u017eiadnym tajomstvom<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee dopyt stavebn\u00e9ho priemyslu po piesku neust\u00e1le rastie. V\u00a0niektor\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch ovl\u00e1dli obchod s\u00a0pieskom organizovan\u00e9 zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 skupiny zn\u00e1me ako<strong> pieskov\u00e9 mafie<\/strong>. Oni v\u00a0z\u00e1sade funguj\u00fa na princ\u00edpe zastra\u0161ovania a\u00a0presadzovania n\u00e1silia v\u00a0momente, ke\u010f sa niekto postav\u00ed proti ich de\u0161trukt\u00edvnym \u0165a\u017eobn\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m. Pieso\u010dn\u00e1 mafia <strong>p\u00f4sob\u00ed najm\u00e4 v\u00a0krajin\u00e1ch ako je Kambod\u017ea, Vietnam, Ke\u0148a a Sierra Leone<\/strong>. Toti\u017eto \u0165a\u017eba piesku m\u00e1 negat\u00edvny vplyv na p\u00f4du, sladkovodn\u00e9 a\u00a0pobre\u017en\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.\u00a0Pr\u00e1ve \u010c\u00edna a India s\u00fa na prvom mieste v zozname kraj\u00edn, kde \u0165a\u017eba piesku nepriaznivo ovplyv\u0148uje rieky, jazer\u00e1 a\u00a0pobre\u017eia.<\/p>\n Neudr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 \u0165a\u017eba piesku neovplyv\u0148uje len \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, ale m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 aj \u010falekosiahle soci\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky. Ilustra\u010dn\u00e1 fotografia\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">OSN varuje, \u017ee okrem toho, \u017ee \u0165a\u017eba piesku negat\u00edvne ovplyv\u0148uje \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie, tak m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozi\u0165 aj rozvoj miestneho cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Bohat\u00e9 krajiny si priplatia<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vysok\u00e9 budovy Dubaja s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 z\u00a0piesku, ktor\u00fd doviezli a\u017e z\u00a0Austr\u00e1lie. Mrakodrapy si toti\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00fa mimoriadne kvalitn\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Aj napriek pieso\u010dnej kr\u00edze bud\u00fa krajiny s\u00a0vysok\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami pokra\u010dova\u0165 v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed vysokokvalitn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov zo zahrani\u010dia. Hor\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1r nast\u00e1va pri chudobnej\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1toch. Ak nemaj\u00fa dostatok finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov na kvalitn\u00fd piesok, tak za\u010dn\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nekvalitn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly. Pochopite\u013ene v\u00a0takejto stavbe doch\u00e1dza k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161eniu rizika zr\u00fatenia stavby. Vhodn\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom stavebn\u00e9ho zlyhania v\u00a0d\u00f4sledku vyu\u017e\u00edvania lacn\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov je Haiti, Nig\u00e9ria, Maroko, Thajsko, Ju\u017en\u00e1 Afrika \u010di Taliansko.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Existuj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy piesku?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Ke\u010f\u017ee sme sa prekopali a\u017e do kr\u00edzy<\/strong>, tak jednou z\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok je, \u010di v\u00f4bec existuj\u00fa nejak\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady piesku. Pri\u010dom nutno podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee piesok je ve\u013emi lacn\u00e1 komodita. Samozrejme, je nevyhnutn\u00e9 za\u010da\u0165 s\u00a0recykl\u00e1ciou materi\u00e1lov a\u00a0stavieb. Ak chceme, aby aj \u010fal\u0161ie gener\u00e1cie mali dostatok piesku, tak kompetentn\u00ed bud\u00fa musie\u0165 zavies\u0165 regul\u00e1ciu (monitorovac\u00ed program). \u00da\u010dinn\u00fdm opatren\u00edm v\u00a0boji proti pieso\u010dnej kr\u00edze je pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti budov a op\u00e4tovn\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvaniu bet\u00f3nu.\u00a0<strong>Piesok mo\u017eno umelo vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 drven\u00edm horn\u00edn<\/strong> alebo recykl\u00e1ciou stavebn\u00e9ho a demola\u010dn\u00e9ho odpadu (bet\u00f3n). Drven\u00e1 hornina je u\u017e v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom kameniva v <strong>Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, Eur\u00f3pe a\u00a0\u010c\u00edne.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Piesok je po vode druh\u00fdm najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm zdrojom Svet ro\u010dne spotrebuje 50 mili\u00e1rd metrick\u00fdch ton piesku Piesok je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou zlo\u017ekou pri v\u00fdrobe bet\u00f3nu a skla &nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7939\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}