{"id":7940,"date":"2022-10-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/mysterium-avantgardy\/"},"modified":"2022-10-18T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-17T23:00:00","slug":"mysterium-avantgardy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/mysterium-avantgardy\/","title":{"rendered":"Myst\u00e9rium avantgardy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Avantgarda<\/strong> je zodpovedn\u00e1 za vznik niektor\u00fdch z najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00edch malieb a s\u00f4ch v hist\u00f3rii. Viete v\u0161ak charakterizova\u0165 avantgardn\u00e9 umenie?<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Theatre costume designs by Vadym Meller, famous Ukrainian-Russian Soviet painter, avant-garde Cubist, Constructivist and Expressionist artist, theatrical designer, book illustrator, and architect, 1920s <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/5wn39u1m9k\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/5wn39u1m9k<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Soviet Visuals (@sovietvisuals) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/sovietvisuals\/status\/997356279940214785?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">May 18, 2018<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Z kade sa tu vzal term\u00edn \u201eavantgarda&#8220;?<\/h3>\n<p>P\u00f4vodne toto ozna\u010denie pou\u017e\u00edvala franc\u00fazska arm\u00e1da, ktor\u00e1 n\u00edm ozna\u010dovala <strong>mal\u00fa skupinu vojakov, ktor\u00e1 vykon\u00e1vala prieskum pred hlavnou arm\u00e1dou<\/strong>. V priebehu 19. storo\u010dia sa za\u010dal term\u00edn avantgarda pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pre <strong>\u013eavicov\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch myslite\u013eov a ich v\u00fdzvy na politick\u00e9 reformy<\/strong>. Tento term\u00edn prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pou\u017eil na umenie <strong>vplyvn\u00fd franc\u00fazsky socialista Henri de Saint-Simon<\/strong>. Vo svojom texte z roku 1825 zaradil <strong>umelcov spolu s vedcami a priemyseln\u00edkmi medzi vodcov spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00ed by mali vies\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed vpred.<\/strong> Odvtedy sa term\u00edn avantgarda pravidelne pou\u017e\u00edval pre umelcov.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Status Quo &#8211; ni\u010d pre avantgardn\u00fdch umelcov<\/h3>\n<p>Avantgarda sa sna\u017e\u00ed <strong>pos\u00fava\u0165 hranice toho<\/strong>, \u010do sa pova\u017euje za normu alebo status quo. Avantgarda okrem b\u00farania hran\u00edc v kult\u00fare, <strong>presadzuje aj radik\u00e1lne soci\u00e1lne reformy<\/strong>. V kr\u00e1tkosti by sme mohli poveda\u0165, \u017ee pojem avantgarda sa vz\u0165ahuje predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na <strong>umelcov, spisovate\u013eov, skladate\u013eov a myslite\u013eov, ktor\u00fdch tvorba je v protiklade k hlavn\u00fdm kult\u00farnym hodnot\u00e1m a \u010dasto m\u00e1 ostr\u00fd soci\u00e1lny alebo politick\u00fd rozmer.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>K avantgardn\u00e9mu hnutiu sa hl\u00e1silo a st\u00e1le hl\u00e1si mnoho umelcov, od dadaistov a\u017e po postmodernistov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Odkia\u013e a kam?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"SDkEP\">\n<div class=\"dRYYxd\">\n<div class=\"nDcEnd\" role=\"button\" data-is-images-mode=\"false\" data-propagated-experiment-ids=\"4871856,\" aria-label=\"Vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie pod\u013ea obr\u00e1zka\" data-ved=\"0ahUKEwiLmZGp7-f6AhVPYPEDHcqkDssQhqEICA0\">\n<p id=\"tw-target-text\" class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\"><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"sk\">Za za\u010diatok avantgardn\u00e9ho umenia mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 <strong>50. roky 19. storo\u010dia<\/strong>, ke\u010f sa objavil realizmus <strong>Gustava Courbeta<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd bol silne ovplyvnen\u00fd my\u0161lienkami ran\u00e9ho socializmu. Koncepcia avantgardn\u00e9ho umenia \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed s <strong>franc\u00fazskou revol\u00faciou v roku 1848<\/strong>. Toto osemn\u00e1s\u0165ro\u010dn\u00e9 obdobie, medzi rokmi 1830 a\u017e 1848, bolo <strong>pozna\u010den\u00e9 politick\u00fdmi nepokojmi<\/strong>. V roku 1848 sa r\u00f4zne vzbury a reb\u00e9lie vyskytovali v celej Eur\u00f3pe, od \u0160kandin\u00e1vie cez Taliansko a\u017e po Nemecko a Ma\u010farsko. Medzi ich pr\u00ed\u010diny patril <strong>rozsiahly hladomor a chudoba, nerovnos\u0165 industrializ\u00e1cie a sily re\u0161trikt\u00edvnej vl\u00e1dy<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta\" dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\"><em><span class=\"Y2IQFc\" lang=\"sk\"> Revol\u00facie z roku 1848 sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa aj Jar n\u00e1rodov, \u010do odr\u00e1\u017ea demokratick\u00fd impulz tohto hnutia.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" data-placeholder=\"Preklad\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-placeholder=\"Preklad\">R\u00f4zne umeleck\u00e9 hnutia<\/h3>\n<p>R\u00f4zne avantgardn\u00e9 hnutia maj\u00fa svoje charakteristiky. Napr\u00edklad kubizmus sa zameriaval najm\u00e4 na formy. Futurizmus a surrealizmus mali svoj siln\u00fd soci\u00e1lny program.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie hnutia avantgardy s\u00fa:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>expresionizmus,<\/li>\n<li>konceptu\u00e1lne umenie,<\/li>\n<li>kon\u0161truktivizmus,<\/li>\n<li>kubizmus,<\/li>\n<li>dadaizmus,<\/li>\n<li>futurizmus,<\/li>\n<li>impresionizmus,<\/li>\n<li>pop art,<\/li>\n<li>primitivizmus,<\/li>\n<li>surrealizmus,<\/li>\n<li>symbolizmus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>\u201eHoci sa term\u00edn avantgarda p\u00f4vodne pou\u017e\u00edval na inovat\u00edvne pr\u00edstupy k umeleckej tvorbe v 19. a na za\u010diatku 20. storo\u010dia, je pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fd pre ka\u017ed\u00e9 umenie, ktor\u00e9 pos\u00fava hranice my\u0161lienok a tvorivosti, dodnes sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ozna\u010denie umenia, ktor\u00e9 je radik\u00e1lne alebo odr\u00e1\u017ea originalitu v\u00edzie.\u201c <\/em>Tate UK<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" cite=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/\" data-video-id=\"7062843950092242222\" data-embed-from=\"oembed\" style=\"max-width:605px; min-width:325px;\">\n<section> <a target=\"_blank\" title=\"@\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/?refer=embed\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">@<\/a> <\/p>\n<p> <a target=\"_blank\" title=\"\u266c  -\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/?refer=embed\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u266c  &#8211; <\/a> <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>\u017deny avantgardy<\/h3>\n<p><em>\u201e\u017densk\u00e9 hnutie v umen\u00ed mo\u017eno ozna\u010di\u0165 za avantgardu, preto\u017ee jeho protagonistky sa jednotne usiluj\u00fa o zmenu existuj\u00faceho spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho poriadku vo svete umenia.\u201c<\/em> Lawrence Alloway<\/p>\n<p>V dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokoch bolo feministick\u00e9 umenie sedemdesiatych rokov predmetom pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00fdch posme\u0161kov. A\u017e nesk\u00f4r sa za\u010dal uzn\u00e1va\u0165 jeho umeleckohistorick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V roku 2007 sa uskuto\u010dnila v\u00fdstava <strong>WACK! Art and Feminist Revolution<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 predstavila diela 120 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch umelk\u00fd\u0148, a tak predstavovala prv\u00fa komplexn\u00fa v\u00fdstavu zameran\u00fa na <strong>umenie a feminizmu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">We&#39;re saddened to learn that Natalia LL, a pioneer of avant-garde feminist art in Poland, passed away at age of 85.<\/p>\n<p>May her legacy live long. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/RGGhye7RxD\" rel=\"nofollow\">pic.twitter.com\/RGGhye7RxD<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; e-flux (@e_flux) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/e_flux\/status\/1558371522527592448?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">August 13, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h3>Ak\u00e9 bolo feministick\u00e9 umenie 70. rokov?<\/h3>\n<p>Feministick\u00e9 umelkyne v Eur\u00f3pe a v Severnej a Ju\u017enej Amerike sa zameriavali na konkr\u00e9tne t\u00e9my, <strong>ods\u00fadenie situ\u00e1cie \u017eien v rodinnom, spolo\u010denskom a politickom kontexte, vlastn\u00e9 sebaprezent\u00e1cie \u017eien a oslobodenie \u017eensk\u00fdch tiel od estetickej idealiz\u00e1cie<\/strong>. Na svoju prezent\u00e1ciu vyu\u017e\u00edvali predov\u0161etk\u00fdm <strong>nov\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e1<\/strong>, ak\u00fdm boli <strong>fotografie, film, in\u0161tal\u00e1cie a performancie<\/strong>. V tom \u010dase, tieto m\u00e9dia neboli e\u0161te v\u0161eobecne uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 ako skuto\u010dn\u00e9 formy umenia, a tak umo\u017enili umelkyniam vyjadri\u0165 svoj n\u00e1zor nez\u00e1visle od umeleckohistorickej trad\u00edcie riadenej mu\u017emi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avantgarda je zodpovedn\u00e1 za vznik niektor\u00fdch z najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00edch malieb a s\u00f4ch v hist\u00f3rii. Viete v\u0161ak charakterizova\u0165 avantgardn\u00e9 umenie? Z kade sa tu vzal term\u00edn \u201eavantgarda&#8220;?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7940"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7940\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}