{"id":7949,"date":"2022-10-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-24T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/je-beznejsia-ako-ste-si-mysleli-co-sposobuje-epilepsiu-a-ako-spoznate-jej-prejavy\/"},"modified":"2022-10-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-24T23:00:00","slug":"je-beznejsia-ako-ste-si-mysleli-co-sposobuje-epilepsiu-a-ako-spoznate-jej-prejavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/je-beznejsia-ako-ste-si-mysleli-co-sposobuje-epilepsiu-a-ako-spoznate-jej-prejavy\/","title":{"rendered":"JE BE\u017dNEJ\u0160IA AKO STE SI MYSLELI! \u010co sp\u00f4sobuje epilepsiu a ako spozn\u00e1te jej prejavy?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co je to epilepsia?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ak m\u00e1te epilepsiu, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ste mali opakovan\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty.<\/p>\n

Ak m\u00e1te jedin\u00fd z\u00e1chvat, nemus\u00ed to nevyhnutne znamena\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e1te epilepsiu<\/strong>. Pribli\u017ene a\u017e 1 \u010dlovek z 20 m\u00e1 niekedy v \u017eivote tak\u00fdto z\u00e1chvat, a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jedin\u00fd, ktor\u00fd sa vyskytne.<\/p>\n

Defin\u00edcia epilepsie je viac ako jeden z\u00e1chvat za \u017eivot, a frekvencia z\u00e1chvatov u \u013eud\u00ed s epilepsiou je r\u00f4zna<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu medzi z\u00e1chvatmi uplyn\u00fa\u0165 roky. Na druhej strane, v niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sa z\u00e1chvaty vyskytuj\u00fa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148. U in\u00fdch je frekvencia z\u00e1chvatov niekde medzi t\u00fdmito extr\u00e9mami.<\/p>\n

Epilepsia m\u00f4\u017ee postihn\u00fa\u0165 kohoko\u013evek z n\u00e1s v akomko\u013evek veku<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010co je to z\u00e1chvat?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1chvat je kr\u00e1tka epiz\u00f3da sympt\u00f3mov sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 v\u00fdbuchom abnorm\u00e1lnej elektrickej aktivity<\/strong> v mozgu.<\/p>\n

Typicky z\u00e1chvat trv\u00e1 od nieko\u013ek\u00fdch sek\u00fand do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Mozog obsahuje mili\u00f3ny neur\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 neust\u00e1le posielaj\u00fa drobn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy po nervovom syst\u00e9me do v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed tela. R\u00f4zne oblasti mozgu riadia r\u00f4zne \u010dasti a funkcie tela.<\/p>\n

Preto sympt\u00f3my, ktor\u00e9 sa vyskytuj\u00fa po\u010das z\u00e1chvatu, z\u00e1visia od toho, kde doch\u00e1dza k abnorm\u00e1lnemu v\u00fdbuchu<\/strong> elektrickej aktivity. Pr\u00edznaky, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 po\u010das z\u00e1chvatu, m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 va\u0161e svaly, pocity, spr\u00e1vanie, em\u00f3cie, vedomie alebo ich kombin\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

R\u00f4zne typy epilepsie a z\u00e1chvatov<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1chvaty sa delia na dva hlavn\u00e9 typy \u2013 generalizovan\u00e9 a fok\u00e1lne<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9, menej \u010dast\u00e9 typy z\u00e1chvatov. Ak m\u00e1te epilepsiu, zvy\u010dajne sa u v\u00e1s opakuje rovnak\u00fd typ z\u00e1chvatu, no u niektor\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed sa vyskytuj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych \u010dasoch, r\u00f4zne typy z\u00e1chvatov.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Generalizovan\u00e9 vs. fok\u00e1lne z\u00e1chvaty. Zdroj: magazine.medlineplus.gov\n

 <\/p>\n

Generalizovan\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tie sa vyskytuj\u00fa, ak abnorm\u00e1lna elektrick\u00e1 aktivita postihuje cel\u00fd mozog, alebo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu<\/strong> mozgu.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00edznaky b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 a zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161ho tela.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Existuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne typy generalizovan\u00fdch z\u00e1chvatov:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tonicko-klonick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat je najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm<\/strong> typom generalizovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chvatu. Pri tomto type z\u00e1chvatu v\u00e1m stuhne cel\u00e9 telo, strat\u00edte vedomie a n\u00e1sledne sa va\u0161e telo trasie v d\u00f4sledku nekontrolovate\u013en\u00fdch svalov\u00fdch kontrakci\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Absenci\u00e1lny z\u00e1chvat<\/strong> je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm typom generalizovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chvatu. Pri tomto type z\u00e1chvatu m\u00e1te kr\u00e1tku stratu vedomia, nedoch\u00e1dza ku k\u0155\u010dom, nespadnete<\/strong>, a zvy\u010dajne to trv\u00e1 len p\u00e1r sek\u00fand. Absenci\u00e1lne z\u00e1chvaty sa vyskytuj\u00fa hlavne u det\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Myoklonick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat je sp\u00f4soben\u00fd n\u00e1hlou kontrakciou svalov, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00f4sob\u00ed trhnutie<\/strong>. M\u00f4\u017eu postihn\u00fa\u0165 cel\u00e9 telo, ale \u010dasto sa vyskytuj\u00fa len v jednej alebo oboch ruk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Tonick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat sp\u00f4sob\u00ed kr\u00e1tku stratu vedomia<\/strong>, a m\u00f4\u017eete stuhn\u00fa\u0165 a spadn\u00fa\u0165 na zem.<\/p>\n

Atonick\u00fd z\u00e1chvat sp\u00f4sob\u00ed, \u017ee kr\u00edvate a skolabujete<\/strong>, \u010dasto len s kr\u00e1tkou stratou vedomia.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fok\u00e1lne z\u00e1chvaty<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pri fok\u00e1lnych z\u00e1chvatoch v\u00fdbuch elektrickej aktivity za\u010d\u00edna a zost\u00e1va v jednej \u010dasti mozgu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Preto zvyknete ma\u0165 lokalizovan\u00e9 (fok\u00e1lne) pr\u00edznaky.<\/p>\n

R\u00f4zne \u010dasti mozgu kontroluj\u00fa r\u00f4zne funkcie, tak\u017ee sympt\u00f3my z\u00e1visia od toho, ktor\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 mozgu je ovplyvnen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Pri jednoduch\u00fdch fok\u00e1lnych z\u00e1chvatoch m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 svalov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0161klby, alebo zvl\u00e1\u0161tne pocity v jednej ruke alebo nohe. M\u00f4\u017ee sa u v\u00e1s objavi\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tny pocit alebo mrav\u010denie v jednej \u010dasti tela, no nestr\u00e1cate vedomie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm typom s\u00fa komplexn\u00e9 fok\u00e1lne z\u00e1chvaty<\/strong>. Tieto be\u017ene, ale nie v\u017edy, poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z \u010dasti mozgu naz\u00fdvanej tempor\u00e1lny lalok<\/strong> \u2013 m\u00e1te dva tempor\u00e1lne laloky, jeden na ka\u017edej strane mozgu hne\u010f za va\u0161imi sp\u00e1nkami.<\/p>\n

Preto sa tento typ niekedy naz\u00fdva epilepsia tempor\u00e1lneho laloku. V z\u00e1vislosti od postihnutej \u010dasti mozgu sa m\u00f4\u017eete na nieko\u013eko sek\u00fand, alebo min\u00fat spr\u00e1va\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tne. M\u00f4\u017eete sa napr\u00edklad hra\u0165 s nejak\u00fdm predmetom, mumla\u0165 alebo sa bezcie\u013ene t\u00fala\u0165. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 zvl\u00e1\u0161tne em\u00f3cie, pocity, strach, alebo v\u00edzie.<\/p>\n

Tieto sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od jednoduch\u00fdch fok\u00e1lnych z\u00e1chvatov t\u00fdm, \u017ee je ovplyvnen\u00e9 va\u0161e vedomie<\/strong>, a nemus\u00edte si pam\u00e4ta\u0165, \u017ee ste mali z\u00e1chvat.
\nNiekedy sa fok\u00e1lny z\u00e1chvat rozvinie do generalizovan\u00e9ho z\u00e1chvatu – to sa naz\u00fdva sekund\u00e1rny generalizovan\u00fd z\u00e1chvat.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n Poz\u00edcia, do ktorej je vhodn\u00e9 da\u0165 osobu, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 z\u00e1chvat. Zdroj: jamaicahospital.org\n

<\/h3>\n

\u010co sp\u00f4sobuje epilepsiu?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu<\/strong> z\u00e1chvatov.<\/p>\n

Abnorm\u00e1lne v\u00fdbuchy elektrickej aktivity v mozgu sa vyskytuj\u00fa bez zn\u00e1meho d\u00f4vodu. Nie je jasn\u00e9, pre\u010do sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa alebo na\u010falej vyskytuj\u00fa. \u013dudia s epilepsiou zvy\u010dajne nemaj\u00fa \u017eiadny in\u00fd mozgov\u00fd (neurologick\u00fd) stav<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Lieky na kontrolu z\u00e1chvatov zvy\u010dajne funguj\u00fa ve\u013emi dobre<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Je epilepsia dedi\u010dn\u00e1?<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu hra\u0165 \u00falohu genetick\u00e9 faktory: 1 z 3 \u013eud\u00ed s epilepsiou m\u00e1 v rodine \u010dlena, ktor\u00fd ju m\u00e1<\/strong> tie\u017e.<\/p>\n

Genetick\u00e9 faktory s\u00fa pravdepodobnej\u0161ie, ak sa u v\u00e1s rozvinie epilepsia vo ve\u013emi mladom veku<\/strong>.
\nSymptomatick\u00e1 epilepsia<\/p>\n

V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch sp\u00f4sobuje epilepsiu z\u00e1kladn\u00fd stav mozgu alebo po\u0161kodenie mozgu. Niektor\u00e9 stavy s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 pri naroden\u00ed, no niektor\u00e9 sa vyvin\u00fa a\u017e nesk\u00f4r v \u017eivote.<\/p>\n

Existuje ve\u013ea tak\u00fdchto sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010dov:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Poranenie hlavy alebo mozgu.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • M\u0155tvica.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Mozgov\u00e1 obrna.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Zrasty alebo n\u00e1dory mozgu.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face infekcie mozgu, ako je meningit\u00edda a encefalit\u00edda.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tak\u00e9to stavy mozgu m\u00f4\u017eu dr\u00e1\u017edi\u0165 okolit\u00e9 mozgov\u00e9 bunky a vyvola\u0165 z\u00e1chvaty.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    V dne\u0161nej dobe, s modern\u00fdmi skenmi a testami, mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu pre niektor\u00e9 pr\u00edpady, o ktor\u00fdch sa predt\u00fdm myslelo, \u017ee maj\u00fa nezn\u00e1mu pr\u00ed\u010dinu.<\/p>\n

    M\u00f4\u017eu zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 mal\u00fd k\u00fasok jazvov\u00e9ho tkaniva v mozgu, alebo mal\u00fa abnormalitu niektor\u00fdch krvn\u00fdch ciev v mozgu. Teraz ich mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 pomocou modern\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na skenovanie mozgu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa sofistikovanej\u0161ie ako v minulosti<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u010co je to epilepsia?   Ak m\u00e1te epilepsiu, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee ste mali opakovan\u00e9 z\u00e1chvaty. Ak m\u00e1te jedin\u00fd z\u00e1chvat, nemus\u00ed to nevyhnutne znamena\u0165, \u017ee m\u00e1te<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7949","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7949"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7949\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7949"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7949"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7949"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}