{"id":7959,"date":"2022-10-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/stokholmsky-syndrom-ked-obet-stoji-na-strane-pachatela\/"},"modified":"2022-10-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-30T23:00:00","slug":"stokholmsky-syndrom-ked-obet-stoji-na-strane-pachatela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/stokholmsky-syndrom-ked-obet-stoji-na-strane-pachatela\/","title":{"rendered":"Stockholm Syndrome: When the victim sides with the perpetrator"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zrejme si spom\u00ednate na film, seri\u00e1l \u010di knihu, kde vystupovala neuverite\u013ene naivn\u00e1 postava, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s iritovala t\u00fdm, \u017ee chr\u00e1nila a\u00a0ospravedl\u0148ovala \u010diny n\u00e1siln\u00edka pred pol\u00edciou alebo bl\u00edzkymi.\u00a0Tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vanie je prejavom \u0161tokholmsk\u00e9ho syndr\u00f3mu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0160tokholmsk\u00fd syndr\u00f3m je \u201epozit\u00edvna\u201c\u00a0psychologick\u00e1 reakcia na zajatie.<\/strong> Spo\u010d\u00edva vo vytvoren\u00ed citovej v\u00e4zby s agresorom ako mo\u017enej strat\u00e9gie pre\u017eitia v nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Je to stav, pri ktorom si obete vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa puto so svojimi \u00fanoscami alebo n\u00e1siln\u00edkmi \u2013 za\u010dn\u00fa s\u00a0nimi sympatizova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Oby\u010dajne by sme o\u010dak\u00e1vali od obete prejavy hnevu, hr\u00f4zy \u010di strachu. V\u00a0tomto pr\u00edpade ide o ochrann\u00fd mechanizmus<\/strong> v\u00a0r\u00e1mci zvl\u00e1dania situ\u00e1cie. \u0160tokholmsk\u00fd syndr\u00f3m v\u0161ak nie je psychick\u00e1 porucha, ale sp\u00f4sob vyrovn\u00e1vania sa s\u00a0traumou.\u00a0\u00a0Psychol\u00f3govia tvrdia, \u017ee ide o\u00a0paradoxn\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok<\/strong>, ke\u010f s\u00fa pocity a\u00a0spr\u00e1vanie v\u00a0rozpore s\u00a0t\u00fdm, \u010do by bolo na\u0161ou prirodzenou reakciou. Iraci\u00f3n\u00e1lne prip\u00fatanos\u0165 sa pova\u017euje za nevedom\u00fd obrann\u00fd mechanizmus zakorenen\u00fd hlboko v \u013eudskej psychike.<\/strong><\/p>\n Treba zmieni\u0165, \u017ee ide o\u00a0ojedinel\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie a\u00a0neexistuje \u017eiadne vysvetlenie, pre\u010do takto niektor\u00ed \u013eudia reaguj\u00fa. ILUSTRA\u010cN\u00c1 FOTOGRAFIA\n

Ako dostal \u0160tokholmsk\u00fd syndr\u00f3m svoj n\u00e1zov?<\/h3>\n

N\u00e1zov syndr\u00f3mu vymyslel psychiater a\u00a0kriminol\u00f3g Nils Bejerot po bankovej l\u00fape\u017ei, ktor\u00e1 sa odohrala v \u0160tokholme vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku v roku 1973. Lupi\u010di zajali \u0161tyroch zamestnancov banky. Po \u0161iestich d\u0148och rukojemn\u00edci za\u010dali poci\u0165ova\u0165 sympatie vo\u010di svojim \u00fanoscom.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po prepusten\u00ed obete op\u00edsali, \u017ee poci\u0165ovali nen\u00e1vis\u0165 vo\u010di pol\u00edcii. Mali potrebu lupi\u010dov chr\u00e1ni\u0165. Nieko\u013eko mesiacov po incidente im zh\u00e1\u0148ali financie na pr\u00e1vne zastupovanie. Tie\u017e ich chodili nav\u0161tevova\u0165 do v\u00e4zenia. Dokonca odmietli sved\u010di\u0165 pred s\u00fadom.\u00a0<\/strong>Reakcia, pochopite\u013ene, zmiatla policajn\u00e9 zlo\u017eky. Vzbudila v\u00a0nich podozrenie, \u017ee zajatci boli v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti komplicmi. Tento pr\u00edbeh v\u0161ak vyvolal z\u00e1ujem novin\u00e1rov a\u00a0vedcov. Nakoniec v\u00fdskum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee tak\u00e9to spr\u00e1vanie je v skuto\u010dnosti be\u017en\u00e9 pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed za\u017eili traumu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00edpad \u0160tokholmsk\u00e9ho syndr\u00f3mu – p<\/strong>r\u00edbeh o Patty Hearst<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dev\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165 ro\u010dn\u00fa Patty Hearst mala unies\u0165 americk\u00e1 organiz\u00e1cia zn\u00e1ma pod menom Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA). Patty poch\u00e1dzala z\u00a0bohatej a\u00a0vplyvnej \u017eurnalistickej rodiny. Teda jej \u00fanos bol z\u00e1mern\u00fd, cie\u013eom bolo z\u00edska\u0165 pozornos\u0165 m\u00e9di\u00ed. Pod\u013ea svedkov jej mali \u00fanoscovia zaviaza\u0165 o\u010di a\u00a0nalo\u017ei\u0165 ju do kufra auta. Susedov, ktor\u00ed chceli pom\u00f4c\u0165, odstra\u0161ili v\u00fdstrelmi zo zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n O\u00a0nieko\u013eko dni nesk\u00f4r mala skupina SLA vyhl\u00e1si\u0165, po\u017eaduj\u00fa od jej rodiny financie v\u00fdmenou za jej slobodu. ILUSTRA\u010cN\u00c1 FOTOGRAFIA\n

Diev\u010dine mali vym\u00fdva\u0165 mozog radik\u00e1lnym chv\u00e1lospevom a\u00a0stala sa obe\u0165ou sexu\u00e1lneho zneu\u017e\u00edvania. O\u00a0dva mesiace nesk\u00f4r svetu ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee sa prid\u00e1va na stranu svojich v\u00e4znite\u013eov. Odvtedy vystupovala pod menom Tania.<\/strong> Potom nasledovalo krimin\u00e1lne vy\u010d\u00ed\u0148anie vr\u00e1tane l\u00fape\u017ee v\u00a0banke. Po\u010das s\u00fadneho procesu prirovnali Patr\u00edciino spr\u00e1vanie k \u0160tokholmsk\u00e9mu syndr\u00f3mu, teda podvedome sa sna\u017eila pre\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n

\n

Kedy sa syndrom m\u00f4\u017ee prejavi\u0165?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\n

Obete dom\u00e1ceho n\u00e1silia s\u00fa azda najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom tohto syndr\u00f3mu<\/strong>, ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00fdran\u00ed partneri sa \u010dasto br\u00e1nia podniknutiu pr\u00e1vnych krokov alebo vzneseniu obvinen\u00ed vo\u010di n\u00e1siln\u00edkom. \u010eal\u0161ie pr\u00edklady netradi\u010dn\u00e9ho protichodn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vania s\u00fa pozorovan\u00e9 v kultoch, v\u00a0koncentra\u010dn\u00fdch t\u00e1boroch, toxick\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch a\u00a0in\u00fdch situ\u00e1cia, kde s\u00fa \u013eudia vystaven\u00ed vym\u00fdvaniu mozgov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Pr\u00edznaky \u0161tokholmsk\u00e9ho syndr\u00f3mu?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Pozit\u00edvne pocity vo\u010di \u00fanoscom alebo n\u00e1siln\u00edkom<\/li>\n
  • Obe\u0165 sa identifikuje s p\u00e1chate\u013eom a ch\u00e1pe jeho mot\u00edvy,\u00a0dokonca toleruj n\u00e1silie, preto\u017ee je motivovan\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017enymi d\u00f4vodmi<\/li>\n
  • Negat\u00edvne pocity vo\u010di pol\u00edcii alebo in\u00fdm predstavite\u013eom autority<\/li>\n
  • \u0160tokholmsk\u00fd syndr\u00f3m nevypl\u00fdva z racion\u00e1lnej vo\u013eby, ale prejavuje sa ako automatick\u00fd reflex<\/li>\n
  • Zajat\u00e1 osoba odstr\u00e1ni z\u00a0mysle svoj odpor vo\u010di \u00fanoscovi<\/li>\n
  • Be\u017en\u00e9 s\u00fa\u00a0pocity viny a v\u00fd\u010ditky svedomia pri prepusten\u00ed, najm\u00e4 vtedy ke\u010f je \u00fanosca vo v\u00e4zen\u00ed<\/li>\n
  • Obe\u0165 zach\u00e1dza tak \u010faleko, \u017ee klame pol\u00edcii, aby poskytla \u00fanoscovi nepravdepodobn\u00e9 alibi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Pre\u010do vznik\u00e1 \u0160tokholmsk\u00fd syndr\u00f3m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Prv\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom je emocion\u00e1lna v\u00e4zba, ktor\u00e1 \u010dasom narast\u00e1 medzi n\u00e1siln\u00edkom a obe\u0165ou v d\u00f4sledku v\u00e4znenia. Soci\u00e1lne odl\u00fa\u010denie je tie\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm faktorom, ktor\u00e9mu zajatci \u010delia. Obete s\u00fa so svojimi \u00fanoscami \u010dasto sam\u00e9 a \u00faplne odrezan\u00e9 od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch soci\u00e1lnych skup\u00edn.<\/p>\n

    Posttraumatick\u00e1 stresov\u00fd syndr\u00f3m je tie\u017e hlavn\u00fdm faktorom, preto\u017ee obete u\u017e nemaj\u00fa zdrav\u00e9 a\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00e9 kognit\u00edvne schopnosti (triezve myslenie, z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e1 kapacita). Trauma, ktor\u00fa utrpeli po\u010das tohto z\u00e1\u017eitku, \u010dasto vedie zajatcov k vytvoreniu obrannej reality. Teda sa podriadia n\u00e1siln\u00edkovi a\u00a0za\u010dne s\u00a0n\u00edm sympatizova\u0165.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Zrejme si spom\u00ednate na film, seri\u00e1l \u010di knihu, kde vystupovala neuverite\u013ene naivn\u00e1 postava, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1s iritovala t\u00fdm, \u017ee chr\u00e1nila a\u00a0ospravedl\u0148ovala \u010diny n\u00e1siln\u00edka pred pol\u00edciou alebo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7959\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}